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In vitro effectiveness of difenoconazole against Itersonilia perplexans Derx
No full textLeaf blight caused by Itersonilia perplexans Derx is commonly observed on dill (Anethum graveolens L.) at the crop maturity stage. In the fields of southern Italy, I. perplexans attacks begin in late autumn, when the weather is cool and humid. In laboratory, the fungal growth rate was maximum at 20 °C, the ballistoconidia production was null at temperatures of 25 °C or higher, and growth was interrupted at 30 °C or above. It is difficult to manage the disease because very few fungicides are admitted for use on dill. Therefore, we screened in vitro several fungicides for their toxicity against I. perplexans, and discovered the high effectiveness of difenoconazole, with EC 50 and EC 95 of 0.5 and 0.95 μg mL −1 , respectively, both for mycelium growth and ballistoconidia production. Ciprodinil+fludioxonil, azoxystrobin (both with EC 50 = 0.69 μg mL −1 ) and boscalid (EC 50 = 7.32 μg mL −1 ) were toxic to I. perplexans, but did not suppress completely the pathogen even at doses of 10,000 μg mL −1 . Mancozeb+metalaxil showed EC 50 of 15.5 μg mL −1 and completely suppressed the fungus at 100 μg mL −1 . Copper oxychloride was toxic only at doses higher than 100 μg mL −1 , and sulphur did not affect the pathogen growth. Therefore, difenoconazole is worthy of further evaluations in the field for the control of leaf blight of dill caused by I. perplexans
Comparison of screening methods for evaluation of olive resistance to Verticillium dahliae Kleb
No full textThree inoculation methods for screening olive germplasm for resistance to Verticillium dahliae Kleb. were compared: (i) dipping soil-free washed roots into inoculum (WRI); (ii) dipping root balls with soil into inoculum (RBI); (iii) direct introduction of the inoculum into a stem incision (SII). The effectiveness of the methods was compared in their capacity to differentiate levels of resistance/susceptibility to Verticillium wilt in olive germplasm. Genetically homogeneous clones of the olive cvs Frantoio, Coratina and Leccino, which have different degrees of resistance/susceptibility to wilt, were inoculated with one defoliating and two nondefoliating V. dahliae pathotypes. Results indicate that the three screening methods had different sensitivity in identifying variable levels of olive resistance to Verticillium wilt. Inoculation of washed roots (WRI) was the most drastic and may be used to identify higher levels of resistance (such as that of cv. Frantoio), but was not sensitive enough to detect lower levels of resistance. Inoculation of root balls with soil (RBI) was less destructive and allowed detection of lower resistance expression (such as that of cv. Coratina), not detected by WRI. Stem incision inoculation (SII) failed to discriminate between resistant (cvs Frantoio and Coratina) and susceptible (cv. Leccino) germplasm
PATHOGENICITY OF BEAUVERIA BASSIANA (BALS.-CRIV.) VUILL. AND METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE (METSCHN.) SOROKIN AGAINST GALLERIA MELLONELLA L. AND TENEBRIO MOLITOR L. IN LABORATORY ASSAYS
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In vitro thermal regimes of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Vuill.) Bals. and Metarhizium anisopliae (metch.) Sorok
No full textDisease note: first report of ‘Candidatus phytoplasma asteris’ from Gerbera jamesonii in Apulia, southern Italy.
No full textEfficacia di Acibenzolar-S-methil e due strobilurine, Azoxystrobin e Trifloxystrobin, nella lotta contro la suberosi radicale del pomodoro e la verticilliosi della melanzana
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