1,720,973 research outputs found
Ammonia releases from anaerobically digested materials: how physico-chemical treatment can reduce the impacts of renewable energy plants
No full textRisk analysis for cement and iron&steel factories: from the definition of Best Available Techniques to the environmental compatibility assessment
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Perspectives and limits for cement kilns as a destination for RDF
No full textRDF, the high calorific value fraction of MSW obtained by conventional separation systems, can be employed in technological plants (mainly cement kilns) in order to obtain a useful energy recovery. It is interesting and important to evaluate this possibility within the general framework of waste-to-energy solutions. The solution must be assessed on the basis of different aspects, namely: technological features and clinker characteristics; local atmospheric pollution; the effects of RDF used in cement kilns on the generation of greenhouse gases; the economics of conventional solid fuels substitution and planning perspectives, from the point of view of the destination of RDF and optimal cement kiln policy. The different experiences of this issue throughout Europe are reviewed, and some applications within Italy are also been considered. The main findings of the study are that the use of RDF in cement kilns instead of coal or coke offers environmental benefits in terms of greenhouse gases, while the formation of conventional gaseous pollutants is not a critical aspect. Indeed, the generation of nitrogen oxides can probably be lower because of lower flame temperatures or lower air excess. The presence of chlorinated micro-pollutants is not influenced by the presence of RDF in fuel, whereas depending on the quality of the RDF, some problems could arise compared to the substituted fuel as far as heavy metals are concerned, chiefly the more volatile one
Environmental compatibility of energy production from biomass at global, regional and local scale
No full textTechnological removal of atmospheric pollutants and air quality effects: equilibrium between operational costs and externality advantages
No full textAtmospheric pollutants and air quality effects: limitation costs and environmental advantages (a cost-benefit approach)
No full textIn order to improve the air quality in some very critical areas in Europe, it is required to limit the contaminant flux coming from different sources (thermal and industrial plants, transport systems, cars, and other technological apparatus). This limitation in many cases corresponds to important investment costs, and normally to a substantial increase in the operative costs; but, from the other side, by the intervention on the emitted pollutant loads it can be obtained a condition of better air quality, with consequent lower externality costs, chiefly with reference to the exposed population. By comparing the two aspects of increasing costs, and in particular the slope of the increasing trend, and from the other side the improvement in air quality, it is possible to identify as a compromise a convenient definition of the optimal intervention that must be realized, and it is possible to establish the performances that must be obtained, by arriving to an acceptable air quality with a sustainable cost. This strategy of identification of the optimal point between these two opposite trends has been illustrated in the present work, and some practical examples of implementation of different limitation strategies and consequent environmental results are presented; these results concern different scale solutions, and different geographic situation
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