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Three new species of spinicaudatan clam shrimps from Australia, all from gnammas (rock pools)
No full textBrian V Timms (2018): Three new species of spinicaudatan clam shrimps from Australia, all from gnammas (rock pools). Zootaxa 4418 (2): 136-148, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4418.2.
A partial revision of the Australian Eulimnadia Packard, 1874 (Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata: Limnadiidae)
No full textBrian V Timms (2016): A partial revision of the Australian Eulimnadia Packard, 1874 (Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata: Limnadiidae). Zootaxa 4066 (4): 351-389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4066.4.
FIGURE 15 in A partial revision of the Australian Eulimnadia Packard, 1874 (Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata: Limnadiidae)
No full textFIGURE 15. Eulimnadia pinocchionis sp. nov. Karratha, WA. A, male carapace; B, female carapace; C, male head and antennae; D, female head; E, male telson; F, female telson; G, male clasper. Scale bars 1 mm.Published as part of Brian V Timms, 2016, A partial revision of the Australian Eulimnadia Packard, 1874 (Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata: Limnadiidae), pp. 351-389 in Zootaxa 4066 (4) on page 378, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4066.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/26423
Eulimnadia
No full textKey to Australian Eulimnadia hermaphrodites This key needs to be used with caution as not only are there occasional individuals in a collection that are aberrant in some feature, meristic components of some features (e.g. antennomeres) are subject to increased variation when damaged. Generally about 10 % variation from average conditions is allowed for in this key. 1 8 cercopod setae, length usually> 1.5 x cercopod diameter.................................................... 6 2 Cercopod setae vary markedly in length, 0.5 to 1.25 x diameter of cercopod;> 10 antennomeres........................ 3 - Cercopod setae of uniform length, about equal to diameter of cercopod; typically 8 antennomeres, never> 9 antennomeres.. 4 3> 16 telsonic spines; usually only 4 cercopod setae; first antenna lobes usually> 7................... E. datsonae Timms - 20 telsonic spines, caudal filaments inserted between 5 th and 6 th spine........................... E. contraria sp. nov. - 11 antennomeres....................................... 7 - Cercopod basal setae bearing part to distal cirrus> 70: 30; 16 telsonic spines; posterior spines vary in size, often in groups of 4 s, small to big; first antennae lobes> 6.............. 8 - 20 telsonic spines........................ E. palustera Timms -> 18 cercopod setae; first few setae increase in length posteriorly; 6 lobes on first antenna......... E. beverleyae sp. nov. - Telsonic spines evenly spaced, total about 10, 4 lobes on first antenna........................... E. pinocchionis sp. nov. 11 Cercopod setae> 14; 5 or more lobes in first antennae........................................................ 12 - Cercopod setae 18 cercopod seate, all longer than 2.5 x cercopod diameter; 20 trunk segments............................ E. dahli Sars - <17 cercopod setae, all shorter than 2.5 x cercopod diameter; 18 trunk segments.................................. 13 13 Cercopod setae short, length about equal to cercopod diameter; 8 antennomeres in flagella............. E. hansoni sp. nov. - Cercopod setae usually longer than 1.5 x cercopod diameter; 9 antennomeres...................................... 14 14 Telsonic spines spaced between 4 th and 7 th spines; cercopod setae all the same length................... E. canalis sp. nov. - Telsonic spines crowded as usual between 4 th and 7 th spines; cercopod setae shorter distally........ E. taroomaensis sp. nov.Published as part of Brian V Timms, 2016, A partial revision of the Australian Eulimnadia Packard, 1874 (Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata: Limnadiidae), pp. 351-389 in Zootaxa 4066 (4) on pages 386-387, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4066.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/26423
Eulimnadia contraria Timms, 2016, sp. nov.
No full textEulimnadia contraria sp. nov. (Figs. 9 A, 10) Etymology. The specific epithet is based on the Latin ‘contrarius’ meaning opposites and refers to the numerous telsonic spines yet few short cercopod setae and to the numerous short spines on the antennomeres as against the sparse setae on many (both numerals are departures from the ‘average’ morphology in Eulimnadia). Type locality. Queensland, Aramac district, vicinity of Lake Dunn, excavation on south side of lake, 22 o 36 ’ 12 ”S, 145 o 40 ’ 26 ”E, 15 February 2010, MS and BVT. Type material. Holotype. Hermaphrodite in Australian Museum, Sydney, length 9.8 mm, height 6.4 mm, AMP 91973. Paratype. Hermaphrodite in Australian Museum, Sydney, length 9.6 mm, height 6.2 mm. AMP 91974.. Diagnosis. Egg with about 15 large deep polygons with long narrow protrusions laterally at ridge junctions. 18 trunk segments. Cercopod with a few short setae spaced along basal 80 %. About 24 telsonic spines, all except first and last about same size. Female carapace much vaulted dorsally. Description. Egg (Fig 9 A) largely spherical but with many soft narrow protrusions at the ridge junctions of the approximately 15 polygons. These polygons deep with smooth inner slopes to a central short groove. Mean diameter 188 Μm (range 178–197 ìm, n = 5). Hermaphrodite. Head (Fig 10 C) with ocular tubercle prominent, the compound eye occupying most (ca 80 %) of it. Rostrum hardly protruding, evenly rounded, ocellus small, placed above centre. Frons-rostrum angle 160 o. Dorsal organ posterior to eye by about its height, pedunculate and of similar height as ocular tubercle. First antenna a little longer than peduncle of second antenna and with about 8 lobes. Second antenna with a spinose peduncle and each flagella with 8 antennomeres, dorsally with 3–8 short spines and ventrally with 0–5 longer setae. Setae most numerous on distal 2 antennomeres and sparse elsewhere, spines most numerous on intermediate antennomeres. Carapace (Fig 10 A) opaque and discoloured dull yellow and much vaulted dorsally and with numerous (ca. 8) growth lines. Thoracopods. Eighteen pairs of typical structure for Eulimnadia. Trunk dorsum with 3–9 setae terminally, these setae few, short and stout on distal few segments, numerous and longer on segments 8–15 and hardly any setae on anterior trunk segments 1–7. Telson (Fig 10 B) with spine at ventroposterior angle, dorsally with about 24 naked spines, each about the same size and spacing except the first about 1.5 x height of others, and the last about 3 x height of others. Caudal filaments originating from a mound a little higher than telsonic floor and at the fifth spine. Dorsal floor declines from mound almost evenly to cercopod base. Cercopod a little longer than telson, the basal 80 % with about 7 widely spaced, short setae and demarked from the last 20 % by a short spine and thinning to an acute apex. Many tiny denticles dorsolaterally on apical 20 %. Comments. The markedly vaulted carapace and large number of growth lines could be associated with the advanced age of the holotypic specimen. The numerous dorsal spines and few setae on most antennomeres could be an aberration and not definitive of this species. More distinctive are the few cercopod setae, most of which are only 0.5 x cercopod diameter. This species is Eulimnadia sp. E of Schwentner et al. (2015). Despite the lack of males and the availability of only two specimens it was described as it is one of the few species able to be matched with molecular species delineated by Schwentner et al. 2015. Distribution. Eulimnadia contraria is known only from its type locality in central Queensland.Published as part of Brian V Timms, 2016, A partial revision of the Australian Eulimnadia Packard, 1874 (Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata: Limnadiidae), pp. 351-389 in Zootaxa 4066 (4) on pages 367-369, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4066.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/26423
Eulimnadia canalis Timms, 2016, sp. nov.
No full textEulimnadia canalis sp. nov. (Figs 3 G, 7) Etymology. The specific name ‘canalis’ is Latin and means canal or groove and refers to the egg of this species which has many long grooves in the tertiary layer. Type locality. New South Wales, 120 km NE of Bourke, Bloodwood Station, a clay pan locally known as ‘Dead Ram,’ 5 km W of homestead, 29 o 31 ’ 46.7 ”S, 144 o 52 ’ 2.5 ”E, 21 February 2011, BVT. Type material. Holotype. Hermaphrodite deposited in Australian Museum, 6.8 mm long, 4.6 mm high, registration number AM P 97832. Paratypes. Hermaphrodites deposited in Australian Museum, 7.3 mm long by 5.0 mm high and 6.6 mm by 3.9 mm, registration number AM P 97833. Other material. New South Wales: Ten hermaphrodites, 120 km NE of Bourke, Bloodwood Station, Homestead Blackbox Swamp, 29 o 31 ’ 29 ”S, 144 o 53 ’ 28 ”E, 21 February 2011, BVT and MS, AM P 97834. Diagnosis. Egg with about 35 narrow, deep grooves, length of each about 40 % the egg diameter. 18 trunk segments. Telson with about 15 dorsal spines and cercopod with about 16 long (about 2.5 x cercopod diameter) setae. Description. Egg. (Fig 3 G) Spherical, 148 Μm (range 144–153 ìm, n= 5) in diameter, with about 35 narrow, deep grooves each about 40 % of the diameter and most curved longitudinally. Ridges between grooves broad, rounded. Tertiary layer spongiform and and surface microporous. Hermaphrodite. Head (Fig 7 B) with ocular tubercle prominent, the compound eye occupying most (ca. 70 %) of it. Rostrum broadly rounded protruding a little less than ocular tubercle with ocellus almost as large as the eye basodorsally. Frons-rostrum angle about 110 o. Dorsal organ posterior to eye by a little more than is height; height about two-thirds ocular tubercle height. First antennae a little longer than peduncle of second antennae and with about five lobes each with many small sensory setae. Second antennae with 9 antennomeres dorsally and 10 ventrally, each antennomere with 1–7 dorsal spines and 3–6 ventral setae, most with 4–6 spines and 4–5 setae. Basal and two distal antennomeres with most aberrant numbers. Carapace (Fig 7 A) pellucid, elongated oval with dorsal edge vaulted, maximum height at about 2 / 5 ths length. About 4 growth lines. Adductor muscle about 40 o to long axis of carapace, but difficult to see. Thoracopods Eighteen a pairs of typical Eulimnadia structure. Trunk dorsum with 1–9 setae terminally, these setae few, short and stout on distal few segments, numerous and longer on segments 8–15 and hardly any setae on anterior trunk segments 1–7. Telson with 15 pairs of dorsal spines, anterior spines, particularly 4–7 more spaced than posterior spines; most spines with denticles. Caudal filaments on a mound between spines 4 and 5. Telsonic floor posterior to mound with a marked declivity, then sloping away gently to cercopod base. Cercopod a little longer than telson with basal 80 % hardly narrowing and with about 16 setae of moderate length, each about twice its diameter and feathered. Distal 20 % of cercopod narrowing to an acute apex and with many denticles dorsolaterally. The two zones of the cercopod demarked with a small spine. Prominent spiniform projection beneath the cercopod at the ventroposterior corner of the telson. Variability. With only three specimens available and all from one site, the full range of variation is unrecorded. Flagella of second antennae had 8–10 antennomeres, average near 9. In some specimens there were few dorsal spines and ventral setae. Telsonic spines ranged from 13 to 16 with those at about 3–7 always spaced a little more. Cercopod setae varied in number from 14–18, with sometimes the first one or two shorter than the rest. Comments. This species besides occurring at two sits on Bloodwood Station in the NSW part of the Paroo, has a distinctive egg which was seen in material from a swamp south of Thargomindah in the adjacent Bulloo catchment but not assignable for sure to respective specimens. Otherwise it is most similar to E. dahli and E. taroomaensis sp. nov. in that it has many (> 14) moderate to long cercopod setae. However E. dahli has> 18 setae and 20 trunk segments whereas E. canalis sp. nov. has <16 setae and 18 trunk segments, and in E. taroomaensis sp. nov. the setae are shorter distally while in E. canalis sp. nov. all setae are similar in length. Distribution. Paroo and Bulloo catchments, northwestern NSW and southwestern Queensland.Published as part of Brian V Timms, 2016, A partial revision of the Australian Eulimnadia Packard, 1874 (Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata: Limnadiidae), pp. 351-389 in Zootaxa 4066 (4) on pages 363-365, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4066.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/26423
Ozestheria pellucida Timms, 2018, sp. nov.
No full textOzestheria pellucida sp. nov. (Fig. 5) Etymology. The specific epithetic celebrates the colourless carapace (hence pellucid in latin) of this species. All other known Ozestheria have reddish-brown-black carapaces. Type locality. Rock pool. Western Australia, Kimberley, Gardner Plateau, from, 14o 47’ 25.8”S, 126o 30’ 32.1”E. Holotype. Male. length 5.2 mm, height 3.2 mm. (WAM C72091). Coll. A. Cross, March 2012. Paratype. Male. Lengths 5.0 and 3.2 mm from the same locality (WAM C72092). Diagnosis. Rostrum long and pointed, dorsal profile humped at the eye and occipital condyle rounded. Carapace pellucid. Telson with ca 5 spines plus a large spiniform projection and cercopod with ca. 10 setae, but no spine at end of setal row. Description. Male. Head (Fig 5C) with a long pointed rostrum, a dorsal profile humped at the compound eye and with occipital condyle rounded and occipital notch area wide and shallow. Anterior third of rostrum flanged on each side with central ridge starting a little posterior to the apex. Ocellus elongated located ventroposteriorly in the rostrum, under its lateral margin. First antenna (Fig 5C) about half the length of the second antenna and with about 8 lobes each with sensory setae. Second antenna (Fig 5C) with a multi segmented peduncle and two flagella each of normally 11 antennomeres. All antennomeres, except the basal and distal antennomeres, with 3–5 short spines dorsally and 3–5 long setae ventrally. Basal antennomere with just one seta. Carapace (Fig. 5A) oval, highest anteriorly, umbo distinct. Pellucid. Surface with about 9 growth lines with area between each granulated (Fig 5B). Trunk of 18 segments. Dorsum of each segment beyond about segment VI with a cluster of short spines on a central mound (Fig 5D); about 3–5 on segments VII and VIII, 5–7 on segments IX to XIII, about 3 on segments XIV to XVI and just one on segments XVII to XVIII. First two thoracopods modified as claspers (Fig. 5F). Palm cylindrical though expanded a little mid length and terminating medially in an apical bulb with curved stout spines terminally and a short palp laterally. Moveable finger smoothly curving terminating in sharp apex with two clawlike scales and many small scales ventrally near the apex (Fig 5F). Large palp originating from the palm behind the moveable finger, its length slightly shorter than the palm in the first clasper and slightly longer in the second clasper. Both palps of one segment and terminating in a curved row of short soft setae. Telson (Fig. 5E) short and cercopod a little longer. One large spine (twice size of others) anteriorly on dorsal surface followed posteriorly by a large mound supporting the paired telsonic filaments. A few denticles on posterior surface of the mound, then an even declivity of the telsonic floor to the cercopod bases. About four small spines posterior to the mound on the lateral edge of the telson. A large spiniform projection, about as long as the telson’s height, on posterior corner of telson. Cercopod (Fig 5E) with a cylindrical basal area 50% of its length and bearing about 10 setae as long as twice the cercopod diameter. Distal 50% narrowing to a sharp apex and bearing a cirrus of denticles. This distal section without a demarking spine from the basal section and similar in size and shape to the large spiniform projection of the telson. Differential diagnosis. With just two males available and no females this species description is minimal. However from what features are discernible, it is unique among the known species of Ozestheria. Only O. mariae (Olesen and Timms, 2005) and O. packardi (Brady 1886) are remotely similar, firstly in size and shape (all 3) and also in inhabiting gnammas (O. packardi only rarely, it is normally eurytopic). Ozestheria pellucida stands apart from both by having many fewer growth lines (for same sized individuals) and lack of any carapace colour. The rostrum in O. mariae is less pointed than in O. pellucida, the first antenna has more lobules (11 vs 9) and the second antenna while having similar numbers of antennomeres, is more spinose and setose than in O. pellucida (up to 8 spines and 9 setae in O. mariae compared with maximal numbers of 5 for both in O. pellucida.). These differences are perhaps minor when variably of clam shrimps is considered, but there are major differences in their telsons and cercopods, generally more reliable characters (Timms, 2016a, b). These are (i) O. mariae has about 10–12 dorsal spines whereas that in O. pellucida has only about 5, (ii) only O. pellucida has a large mound of insertion for the telsonic filaments, (iii) cercopod setae number about 3 and are short in O. mariae, but number about 10 and are long in O. pellucida. Differences between O. packardi and O. pellucida are harder to assess as O. packardi is poorly described and particularly variable (Brady, 1886; Spencer and Hall, 1896). Most populations of O. packardi have>20 telsonic setae, and though with a similar number of cercopod setae (10–12) there is a demarking spine terminating this row of setae. Moreover the carapace of O. packardi generally has the space between growth lines sculptured with lines at right angles. Distribution and ecology. Known only from gnammas on the Gardner Plateau, Kimberley. These pools fill during the wet season, November to April, and the deeper pools (averaging 46 mm) support aquatic plants (Cross et al., 2015a, 2015b). No information is available on their fauna, except that a few pools support the new species of clam shrimp described here plus Limnadopsis multilineata Timms 2009.Published as part of Brian V Timms, 2018, Three new species of spinicaudatan clam shrimps from Australia, all from gnammas (rock pools), pp. 136-148 in Zootaxa 4418 (2) on pages 143-145, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4418.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/124533
Eulimnadia kimberleyensis Timms, 2018, sp. nov.
No full textEulimnadia kimberleyensis sp. nov. (Figs 1, 2). Etymology. This species is named for the area of Australia in which it occurs. Type material. Holotype. Female. Rock pool. Western Australia, Kimberley, Gardner Plateau, from 14o 47’ 2.1”S, 126o 31’ 18.9”E. Length 4 mm, height 3.1 mm (WAM C72086), coll A. Cross, March 2012. Paratypes. Two females. Lengths 4.0 and 3.9 mm (WAM C72087) from the same locality. Diagnosis. Egg spherical with about 36 grooves arranged randomly and about 30 µm long; walls of grooves thick and rounded with surface usually crenulated at right angles to groove axis. Female first antennae with about three lobes; second antennae with 7 antennomeres and generally 4–5 spines dorsally. Telson with about 19 dorsal spines and cercopod with about 8 long setae. Description. Egg (Fig 1A, B, C). Spherical, mean diameter 128 µm, range 122 to 134 µm, n = 10. Surface with about 36 (range 33–42, n = 10) grooves each about 30 µm long and arranged randomly. Tertiary layer represented by the apparent groove walls spongiform and thick and rounded, though surface usually crenulated at right angles to the major axis; sometimes a minor elevated area where walls of adjacent grooves confluent. In cross section, each groove—wall system consists of 80–90% wall and only 10–20% flat-floored groove with a distinct demarcation between the two. Female. Head (Fig. 2B) with ocular tubercle prominent, the compound eye occupying most (ca 80%) of it. Rostrum broadly rounded and protruding a little less than the ocular tubercle. Ocellus about as large as the compound eye and located in the middle base of the rostrum. Frons-rostrum angle about 150o. Dorsal organ posterior to the eye by about its height, pedunculated, asymmetrical and about half as high as the ocular tubercle. First antenna (Fig 2B) short, about 40% the length of the peduncle of the second antenna, and with three lobes, each with short sensory fine setae. Second antenna (Fig 2C) with 7 antennomeres, most (II to VI) with 4–5 short spines dorsally and 3–5 long setae ventrally. Basal antennomere with just 3 spines and a seta while distal antennomere with 2 spines and about seven setae. Carapace (Fig 2A) elongated oval with a vaulted dorsal and ventral edge and weak anterodorsal and posterodorsal angles. Abductor muscle scar at about 45o to carapace long axis. Carapace pellucid and without markings except for five growth lines, generally well spaced except near the ventral edge. Trunk of 18 segments. Dorsal surface of posteriormost 9–10 segments with many long two-segmented setae and sometimes shorter spines. Thoracopods of trunk segments IX and X with long epipods for retaining eggs. Telson (Fig 2D) with 9 dorsal spines followed by a large spiniform projection, the first spine about 20% larger than the next few followed by some variation in size and spacing along the row. Spines smooth. Telsonic filaments inserted on a mound between 2nd and 3rd spine. A moderate declivity posterior to the mound, remainder of telsonic floor sloping evenly and gently to cercopod base. Cercopod a little shorter than telson length and with a short spine about 80% along its length separating a thicker basal area supporting setae from a thinning distal area with a weak cirrus of small denticles. Short laminate spine with about 7 serrations on anterior surface and two small spines near the base. (see Fig. 2D insert). Eight long cercopod setae, their length about twice the basal diameter of the cercopod. Prominent spiniform projection on ventroposterior corner of telson. Variability. There are only three specimens available, so little can be added on variability of the above characters. Sometimes there are only six antennomeres though whether this is natural or damaged is not certain. Telsonic spines may number 8–10 and and cercopod setae 7–10. Differential diagnosis. There is no doubt this species belongs to the genus Eulimnadia. The diagnostic character is a spiniform projection on the ventroposterior corner of the telson (Rogers et al., 2012). In addition most Eulimnadia, including this species, have a spine on the cercopod at about 4/5ths its length and the antenna has about 7–8 antennomeres on each flagellum (Timms, 2016a). However, because of the limited number of specimens and lack of males the description of this species is minimal. Nevertheless species specific egg morphology in this genus (Belk, 1989; Rabet, 2010; Timms, 2016a) provides characters to separate species and in some cases is about the only distinguishing character, e.g. E. graniticola Rogers et al. 2010). However, for Australian species species specific egg morphology has been supported by features of the cercopods and sometimes a few other characters as well from the telson, claspers, antenna and head (Timms, 2016a). This dictum applies to this species. In this case the egg morphology is certainly the most distinguishing feature, though a combination of less important characters (a cercopod with 8 uniform setae, just nine unevenly spaced telsonic spines and a first antenna of just three lobes) help to define it. The most similar eggs are of E. beverleyae Timms, 2016 and E. uluruensis Timms, 2016. Eggs of E. beverleyae (Fig. 3F, Timms 2016a) have about 30 grooves, each about 40 µm long, and of the same tertiary material as their walls, whereas in E. kimberleyensis sp. nov. there are but 40 grooves, 40 µm long and of different tertiary material to that of the walls. In addition E. beverleyae has 11–13 cercopod setae whereas E. kimberleyensis sp. nov. has only about 8 cercopod setae. In E. uluruensis (Fig.9 H. Timms, 2016a) the grooves number about 28, lie within distinct polygons with low lateral ridges and a knobbly surface, a situation quite different to that in E. kimberleyensis sp. nov. (see above). Though E. uluruensis has telsonic spines reminiscent of E. kimberleyenesis sp. nov., the cercopod setae of E. uluruensis are shorter than those of E. kimberleyensis sp. nov. Given E. kimberleyensis sp. nov. lies within the distribution of the widespread and variable E. dahli Sars 1896, it is appropriate to detail their distinctiveness. Firstly, habitat choice is not distinctive— E. dahli occurs in gnammas in limestone in northwest Queensland (Timms, 2016a) and also in granite in the Pilbara (author unpublished data) while E. kimberleyensis sp. nov. occurs in sandstone gnammas in between these areas. However, their eggs are entirely different, those of E. dahli have ca. 20 surface polygons, while those of E. kimberleyensis sp. nov. have ca.36 grooves. Eulimnadia dahli typically (but not always) has 20 trunk segments, and E. kimberleyensis sp. nov. the standard 18. Furthermore E. dahli has ca. 15 telsonic spines and ca 18 cercopod setae, whereas E. kimberleyensis sp. nov. has ca 9 and 8 respectively, a difference wide enough to be certain of identity. Distribution. Known only from gnammas on the Gardner Plateau, Kimberley. These pools fill during the wet season, November to April, and the deeper pools (averaging 46 mm) support aquatic plants (Cross et al., 2015a, 2015b). No information is available on their fauna, except that a few pools support the new species of clam shrimp described here plus Limnadopsis multilineata Timms 2009.Published as part of Brian V Timms, 2018, Three new species of spinicaudatan clam shrimps from Australia, all from gnammas (rock pools), pp. 136-148 in Zootaxa 4418 (2) on pages 137-139, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4418.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/124533
Eulimnadia beverleyae Timms, 2016, sp. nov.
No full textEulimnadia beverleyae sp. nov. (Figs 3 F, 6) Etymology. This species is named for my wife, Beverley Timms who is tolerant of my long absences in the field, laboratory and office. Type locality. New South Wales, Paroo district, Bloodwood Station, 125 km NW of Bourke, an intermittent grassy pool 1.37 km S of the Shearing Shed, 29 o 32 ’ 11.01 ”S, 144 o 51 ’ 15.58 ”E, 21 January 2011, BVT. Type material. Holotype. Male deposited in Australian Museum, length 5.4 mm, height 3.8 mm, registration number AM P 97806. Allotype. Female deposited in Australian Museum, length 6.0 mm, height 4.0 mm, registration number AM P 97807. Paratypes. Two females, 6.0 x 4.2 mm, 6.1 x 4.3 mm, deposited in Australian Museum, registration number AM P 97808. Diagnosis. Egg spherical, surface with about 30 rounded ridges and grooves and no protrusions. Each groove about 25 % of egg diameter. Cercopod with about 11–13 long setae on basal 75 %; about 11–13 telsonic spines and caudal filaments arising from about the 2 nd to 3 rd spine. Clasper with 5 uneven spines at palpomere junction plus a similar set midway on lateral surface of basal palpomere. Description. Egg. (Fig 3 F). Spherical, diameter 158–175 Μm (n = 5), with about 30 (range 25–34) sets of grooves and rounded ridges, each groove about 40 Μm, i.e about 25 % of egg diameter (35–54 ìm, n = 30). No protrusions. Tertiary layer spongiform and surface microporous. Male. Head (Fig 6 C) with ocular tubercle prominent, the compound eye occupying most (ca. 80 %) of it. Rostrum about 1.5 x ocular tubercle, symmetrical, with a rounded apex and with the ocellus dorsocentrally. Fronsrostrum angle ca. 100 o. Dorsal organ posterior to eye by about its height, pedunculate and about 0.75 height of ocular tubercle. First antenna distinctly longer than peduncle of second antennae, and with about ten lobes, each with numerous short sensory setae. Second antenna with a spinose peduncle and each flagella with 8 antennomeres, dorsally with 1–4 short spines and ventrally with 1–5 longer setae. Basal and distal segments with minimal spines, though setae maximal on distal antennomeres. Carapace (Fig 6 A) elongated oval, pellucid and with slight indication of three growth lines. Adductor muscle scar at about 45 o to the horizontal axis. Thoracopods. Eighteen pairs. The first two modified as claspers (Fig 6 F). Claspers with palm trapezoidal, apical club rounded with thick denticles distomedially and spines apicolaterally, movable finger of normal curved structure, often with a 1–4 spaced dorsal spines. Palps of typical structure. Long palp subequal in length to the palm in first clasper and about 1.5 times longer in second clasper. Both two segmented with about 5 unequal spines at their junctions. Each with five spines, again subequal in length, mediolaterally on the basal palpomere. The three medial most spines of each group subequal in length to palpomere width, next spine about 2 x palpomere width, and most lateral spine 2.5 times in first clasper and 3.5 times in second clasper of palpomere width. Other thoracopods of typical structure for Eulimnadia, decreasing is size and complexity posteriorly. Dorsal surface of trunk with 1–2 short spines medially or posteriorly on each of the posterior 12 trunk segments. Telson (Fig 6 E) with about 12–13 pairs of dorsal spines, with a distinct space after the 3 rd spine and a slight progressive increase in size among distal spines. Many spines with a few denticles. Caudal filaments originating from a mound a little higher than the dorsal floor of the telson and between the 2 nd and 3 rd spine. Dorsal floor of telson major declivity immediately posterior to the mound, followed by a slow decline to the base of the cercopod. Cercopods somewhat longer than dorsum of the telson, the basal three-quarters hardly thinning to a small naked spine, then a rapid thinning to an acute apex. About 12–13 long setae (about 2.5 times diameter of cercopod) on basal 75 % of cercopod; these setae two segmented. Distal 25 % with a cirrus of small denticles. Hermaphrodite. Head (Fig 6 D) with ocular tubercle prominent, with compound eye occupying most (ca 80 %) of it. Rostrum a smooth bulge at an angle of about 160 o to the frons and with a small ocellus, less than 25 % the size of eye. Dorsal organ posterior to eye by about its height, pedunculate and asymmetrical and 75 % the height to ocular tubercle. First antennae a little longer than peduncle of the second antennae, with about eight lobes each with many short sensory hairs. Second antennae as in male. Carapace (Fig 6 B) as in male, though dorsum more vaulted. Thoracopods. Eighteen of typical Eulimnadia structure. Trunk dorsum with 3–9 setae terminally, these setae few, short and stout on last few segments, numerous and longer on segments 8–15 and hardly any setae on anterior trunk segments 1–7. Telson (Fig 6 G) as in male, though with 1 or 2 cercopod setae and telsonic spines fewer. The space between the 3 rd and 4 th spine is shorter in hermaphrodites. Variability. As in most Eulimnadia, many meristic structures are variable numerically, with the full variation not known as only 6 specimens examined all from the one site. Other possible sites where the same egg structure was found were not examined due to extreme syntopy (up to four molecular species present (Schwentner et al., 2015)). Even so in the population from the pond on Bloodwood Station telsonic spines varied from 10–14, and cercopod setae from 10–13. Of the only two males in the collection, one had its rostrum truncated (by attempted carnivory?) so variability in male rostra is unknown, but the female rostra were of uniform structure. Similar eggs were found at many other sites in the central Paroo catchment but were not specifically related to adults because of extreme syntopy in most of these (see Schwentner et al., 2015). Comments. This species is distinctive by the lateral spines on the palps of the claspers. Other species such as E. dahli, E.centerania sp. nov., E. pinochionus sp. nov. and E.taroomaensis sp. nov. have 10–15 long cercopod setae, but whereas they have many (> 13) telsonic spines, E. beverleyae sp. nov. has only about 12 telsonic spines with a marked gap between the 3 rd and 4 th and with the caudal filaments arising from between the 2 nd and 3 rd spine. This species shares the dorsal spines on the clasper finger with E. feriensis (Timms, 2015). Among Australian Eulimnadia, the eggs are distinctive with their ca 30 groove/ridge systems and lack of any protrusions. Few males occur in the collections, probably indicating the androdioecious mode of reproduction and the apparent females being putative hermaphrodites (Weeks et al., 2008), but there is no histological proof of this. Eulimandia beverleyae sp. nov. could be any one of four of Schwentner et al ’s (2015) species G,H, K or 0, such was the high syntopy in many Paroo sites. Distribution and ecology. Judging from eggs examined across the eastern inland, E. beverleyae sp. nov. is common in the central Paroo in a variety of habitats (clear grassy pools, Blackbox swamps, creek pools, and even in claypans). Similar eggs have been found at Moonie, via Goondiwindi in inner southwest Queensland.Published as part of Brian V Timms, 2016, A partial revision of the Australian Eulimnadia Packard, 1874 (Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata: Limnadiidae), pp. 351-389 in Zootaxa 4066 (4) on pages 361-363, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4066.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/26423
Eulimnadia pinocchionis Timms, 2016, sp. nov.
No full textEulimnadia pinocchionis sp. nov. (Figs 9 F, 15) Etymology. The specific name refers to the fictional character in Carlo Colloidi’s novel ‘ The Adventures of Pinocchio.’ The unusually long rostrum of this species reminds me of the extraordinary long nose of Pinocchio who I admired as a boy. Type locality. Western Australia, 25 km SW of Karratha, gnamma on granite on Karratha Station, 20 o 54 ’ 32.23 ”S, 116 o 42 ’ 9.54 ”E, 12 May 2005, A Pinder & J. Macrae. Type material. Holotype. Male 4.1 mm long, 2.7 mm high, registration number WAM C 59035 in Western Australian Museum, Perth. Allotype. Female 4.6 mm long, 2.9 mm high, registration number WAM C 59036 in Western Australian Museum, Perth. Paratypes. Male 4.0mm long, 2.7 mm high and female 4.9 mm long and 3.2 mm high, registration number AM P 97819 in Australian Museum, Sydney. Other Material. 7 males, 9 females, Western Australia, 25 km SW of Karratha, gnamma on granite on Karratha Station, 20 o 54 ’ 32.23 ”S, 116 o 42 ’ 9.54 ”E, 12 May 2005, A Pinder & J. Macrae, WAM C 59037. Diagnosis. Eggs spherical with almost 100 elongated shallow polygons with rudentiform edges (i.e. edges uneven like rope). Male with a narrow triangular rostrum protruding about 2 x the ocular tubercle and clasper with 5–6 spines at palpomere junctions. Telson with a double row of about 12 spines evenly spaced and sized (except for first and last) and sometimes with an extra spine anterior to the rows and cercopod with 10–11 setae of length 1.5– 2 x diameter of cercopod.. Description. Egg (Fig 9 F) spherical, mean diameter 161 Μm (range 157–185 Μm, n = 5) and averaging 97 (range 90–102) shallow polygons. These polygons about twice as long as wide, somewhat irregular in shape and with ropey edges and uneven inner surfaces. Central groove indistinct. No outgrowths where edges of adjacent polygons meet. Surface minutely microporous. Male. Head (Fig 15 C) with a prominent ocular tubercle with a round compound eye occupying most (ca 80 %) of it. Rostrum triangular, narrow and long, protruding 2 x as much as the ocular tubercle. Frons-rostrum angle about 100 o. Ocellus about one third the size of the eye and located in the middle of the rostrum. Dorsal organ posterior to the eye by about its height, pedunculate and with a flattened apex and height only about half of the ocular tubercle. First antenna about twice as long as the peduncle of the second antenna and with about 9 lobes, each with numerous tiny sensory setae. Second antenna with a spinose peduncle, each flagella with 8 antennomeres, dorsally with 1–3 spines and ventrally with 1–5 long setae. Dorsal spines less numerous in basal and four most distal antennomeres, and most antennomeres with 3–4 ventral setae, the lower numbers on the basal antennomeres. Carapace (Fig 15 A) basically rectangular with rounded corners and a few growth lines. Adductor muscle scar hardly visible. Thoracopods. Eighteen pairs, the first two modified as claspers (Fig 15 G). Both claspers with palm trapezoidal but with a small rounded projection mediodistally, apical club rounded with thick denticles distomedially and spines apicolaterally, and moveable finger of normal curved structure with suctorial disc apicoventrally. First clasper with palp 1.5 x palm length, second clasper with palp about 2.5 x palm length, both with about six short spines, one or two longer than the others, located medially at junction of palpomeres. Other thorocopods of typical structure for Eulimnadia, decreasing in size and complexity posteriorly. Dorsal surface of trunk with 1–3 short spines posteriorly on each of the posterior 8 trunk segments. Telson (Fig 15 E) with about 11 pairs of dorsal spines, the anterior ones well spaced and the first the largest. A subsidiary single spine anterior to the double row. Most spines naked or occasionally with a denticle or two. Caudal filaments originating from a mound a little higher than the dorsal floor of the telson and between the 2 nd and 3 rd spine. Dorsal floor lowering evenly posterior of the mound to the cercopod base. Cercopods a little longer than the dorsum of the telson, the basal three-quarters hardly thinning to a small spine, then rapidly thinning to an acute apex. About 10 setae, each almost 2 x diameter of cercopod, though the first a little shorter. A cirrus of many tiny denticles on each dorsolateral edges of the apical quarter. Prominent spiniform projection beneath the cercopods at the ventroposterior corner of the telson. Female. Head (Fig 15 D) with ocular tubercle prominent, with compound eye occupying most (ca 80 %) of it. Rostrum subequal in size to the ocular tubercle and assuming a smooth asymmetrical bulge at an angle of about 120 o to the frons and with the dorsal part occupied by an ocellus about half the size of the eye. Dorsal organ posterior to the eye as in the male. First antennae subequal in length to the peduncle of the second antennae with about 4 small lobes each with short sensory hairs. Second antennae as in male. Carapace ovate oval and somewhat vaulted anteriodorsally. Thoracopods. Eighteen of typical Eulimnadia structure. Trunk dorsum with 3–9 setae terminally, these setae few, short and stout on posterior few segments, numerous and longer on segments 8–15 and hardly any setae on anterior trunk segments 1–7. Telson (Fig 15 F) as in male, but with about 12 spines and about 11 cercopod setae. No extra spine anterior to the double row of dorsal telsonic spines. Comments. This species is distinctive by reason of its long rostrum in the male and the egg with many shallow polygons with ropey edges rather than deep and with minor frilly edges. Also E. pinocchionis sp. nov. has 11–12 evenly spaced and sized telsonic spines and also the 10–11 cercopod setae about 1.5– 2 x the cercopod diameter, and the claspers usually have 6 spines at the junction of the palpomeres instead of the usual 5. The extra telsonic spine seen in the holotype is often absent in other specimens. While this combination of features distinguishes it from other Australian Eulimnadia, it is very different from E. dahli which occurs in the same area, but apparently not in gnammas. Eulimnadia dahli eggs have many fewer polygons (about 30), which are deep and with frilly edges. Furthermore it has numerous (> 18) long cercopod setae, more (> 15) telsonic spines, as well as a shorter male rostrum and five spines at the palpomere junctions. Given the almost equal numbers of males and apparent females in the original collection, this species may be unlike the other Eulimnadia species described in this revision and not utilize androdioecious reproduction. Distribution and ecology. Eulimnadia pinocchionis sp. nov. is known only from its type locality, a gnamma on a granite outcrop in the Pilbara, WA. Gnammas are rare in the Pilbara, so it may well have a limited distribution and population. While this may indicate a precarious conservation position, most gnammas are rarely compromised by human activities.Published as part of Brian V Timms, 2016, A partial revision of the Australian Eulimnadia Packard, 1874 (Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata: Limnadiidae), pp. 351-389 in Zootaxa 4066 (4) on pages 376-379, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4066.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/26423
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