1,721,018 research outputs found
Incremental open spaces: the case of Dharavi, India
Full text linkDharavi, in Mumbai, India, is one of the largest, liveliest—and wealthiest—slums in the world. Working with the urban planning research organization URBZ, the authors have been exploring the ways in which its inhabitants' informal way of living benefits Dharavi as well as the whole city of Mumbai, and how these benefits would be compromised or destroyed if the city's current redevelopment plan is carried out, resulting in the razing of the entire district and depriving its inhabitants of basic means of support. The article proposes an alternative design trying to combine formal and informal approaches
La scelta del corso di laurea dall'orientamento al primo anno: fattori di successo ed insuccesso
No full textQuand'è che uno studente della scuola secondaria di secondo grado decide riguardo al suo futuro dopo la maturità? In che misura si fa orientamento universitario nelle scuole? Con quali modalità viene effettuato? Quanti studenti partecipano? Lo ritengono utile? L'aver partecipato alle attività di orientamento ha ricadute nelle loro scelte? L'orientamento migliora i risultati ottenuti nel primo anno di università?
Questi ed altri temi sono affrontati in questo volume, che riporta i dati rilevati attraverso una ricerca sul campo svolta su di un campione di studenti dell'ultimo anno rappresentativo della realtà scolastica romana (più di 1800 studenti di 19 scuole seguiti per quasi tre anni). Questa ampia e articolata ricerca permette di avere una visione approfondita di tutti gli aspetti legati all'orientamento universitario, assumendo il particolare punto di vista degli studenti, raccogliendo le loro impressioni, registrando le loro scelte e misurando il loro successo nel corso del primo anno di studi universitario. Il gran numero di dati messi a disposizione potranno essere per i docenti ed i professionisti dell'orientamento per farsi una opinione di come i ragazzi recepiscono le loro azioni. Il quadro generale che emerge da questo studio sarà anche di grande ausilio per impostare campagne di orientamento sempre più efficaci su scala locale e nazionale
Cytologic re-evaluation of negative effusions from patients with malignant mesothelioma.
No full textBackground. Cytology is a controversial means of diagnosing malignant mesothelioma due to the high rates of negative samples. The aim of the present study was to review effusions originally reported as "negative" in patients with histologically-proven mesothelioma to evaluate possible pitfalls. Methods. We reviewed the cytologic slides of 25 specimens that refer to 15 epithelioid, 5 biphasic, 4 sarcomatoid and 1 welldifferentiated papillary mesotheliomas. For comparison, we also reviewed 23 specimens from non-neoplastic conditions. For each effusion, we evaluated the background and calculated a score considering the following items: amount of mesothelial cells, architectural pattern and atypical features, and a revised diagnosis was rendered. Results. More than half of the effusions initially called "negative" (but mesothelioma by histology) were considered atypical/ suspicious (false-negative diagnosis); the remaining cases were true-negative or inadequate. Almost all effusions initially called "negative" (but non-neoplastic by histology) were considered negative. The only item that seems to discriminate between the two groups is atypia of mesothelial cells. Conclusions. The present study has highlighted the following pitfalls: (i) to report effusions devoid of mesothelial cells as negative that instead should be reported as inadequate/non-diagnostic; (ii) to underestimate low cellular effusions containing atypical mesothelial cells or high cellular effusions containing bland mesothelial cells with a morular pattern; (iii) to consider that an inflammatory background may obscure a scant number of mesothelial cells. A categorized system (inadequate (M1), negative (M2), atypical (M3) and suspicious (M4)) for reporting effusion cytology may be of help in the diagnostic work-up of patients with effusions suspicious for mesothelioma
Tenascin expression in elastotic cuffs of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast
No full textWe studied immunohistochemically one thousand one hundred and thirty-seven cases of primary invasive breast cancers (NST) and adjacent normal mammary glands for tenascin expression, and compared their elastic content to verify if a relationship exists between tenascin expression and elastosis. Periductal, perivascular and stromal elastosis were graded on a scale from 0 to 3 (absent to massive). All carcinomas showed tenascin expression and elastosis with various histological appearances. In the adjacent breast, teanscon was distributed around the normal ducts or with extasia and uctal hyperplasia without atypia. Digestion of the sections with elastase prior to staining resulted in a loss of the specific staining reactions in all areas where elastosis was present. Tenascin staining was observed in the mesenchyme closely surrounding the neoplastic ducts and the cancer cell nests. Stromal tenascin staining appeared stronger in those carcinomas that exhibited marked desmoplastic reactions. The highly differentiated tumours contained more elastosis in their tumour tissue than the poorly differentiated ones, whereas tenascin expression was stronger in poorly differentiated tumours than well differentiated tumours. A strong staining for tenascin was observed in the elastotic cuff. Tenascin staining did not disappear afterwards with elastase. We did not find a statistically significant correlation between tenascin expression, elastosis and prognostic factors such as size of the tumour, lymph node metastasis, tumour necrosis and age. In our study tenascin proved to be an additional element in elastotic areas even though the significance of an association between elastosis and tenascin is still unkown, as is that of elastosis itself
Benign tumors of heterotopic tissue in the thyroid gland: a report of two cases of lipomatous lesions
No full textA report of two cases, concerning heterotopic nests of fat cells in the thyroid gland, is presented here together with a review of lipomatous lesions in the literature. Both cases involved patients who presented with goiter; one had Grave's disease and the other had adenomatous hyperplasia. The fat cells were principally located in the subcapsular areas and scattered among the follicles. The distribution of the immunohistochemical staining, and the morphologic characteristics of the adipose tissue, suggested a probable origin of the fat cells from inclusion nests during embryogenesis of the thyroid gland
Oral focal mucinosis of the tongue
No full textOral focal mucinosis (OFM) is an uncommon clinicopathological entity which is considered to be the oral counterpart of cutaneous focal mucinosis and cutaneous myxoid cyst. It is comprised of a clinically elevated mass with a histological feature of localised areas of myxomatous connective tissue. The present study adds a rare case of OFM of the tongue to the literature, and we present a review of the most characteristic oral myxomatous lesions
Expression of bcl-2, c-erbB-2, p53, and p21 (waf1-cip1) protein in thyroid carcinomas. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 1999 Sep;18(3):363-7.
No full textThe study was carried out on 53 patients who had thyroid cancer with various degree of differentiation. We studied the expression of bcl-2, a-erbB-2, p53, and p21 ras protein. The protein encoded by bCL-2 proto-oncogene is implicated in the prolongation of cell survival by blocking programmed cell death, i.e. apoptosis. The role of p53 and bcl-2 genes in the regulation of apoptosis has important implications in oncogenesis. Wild-type p53 is thought to promote apoptosis, whilst mutant p53 has a similar effect on apoptosis as bcl-2 that is inhibition of programmed cell kinase activity. C-erb-2 protein overexpression is currently being evaluated as a potential risk factor in breast cancer patients? The ras gene family codes for a 21 kD protein (p21), which binds guanine nucleotides and possesses GTPase activity. Through this mechanism, the ras p21 protein participates in the control of cell proliferation, possibly as a signal transducer from cell surface receptors to the nucleus. Activation of ras genes has been implicated in neoplastic transformation of cells. The aim of our study is to evaluate the expression of these markers in thyroid carcinomas. All immunohistochemical study was performed in paraffin-embedded tissues pathology specimen. Any well differentiated tumor in our study was positive for bcl-2 protein. C-erb-2 immunostaining was present in tumor samples in 60% of cases. In most cases, specific membrane staining as well as a weak cytoplasmic positivity of tumor cells were seen. Immunoreactivity for p53 was positive only in 10% of cases. By immunostaining, p21 protein was expressed in 55% of the 53 tumors tested, with different degree of expression. Only some poorly differentiated tumours were positive for bcl-2, furthermore all markers tested were strongly positive in these tumours. In conclusion, our results indicate that bcl-2, c-erbB-2, p53, and p21 ras protein are differently expressed in thyroid carcinomas in relation to the degree of aggressiveness and differentiatio
Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchi's disease)
No full textWe present a case report of a young asiatic woman presenting Kikuchi's lymphadenitis, a suprahyoidea mass, pharyngitis, fever, weakness and lack of appetite. The clinical picture quickly improved after biopsy until complete remission within two months. Sierologic studies showed significant antibody titres revealing a previous EBV infection; they were also negative for Toxotest, HbsAg, HIV and serogroup 3 and 9 Yersinia Enterocolitica. Histological findings showed necrotic changes and large foci of infiltration in the cortex and/or paracortex. They consisted of variable numbers of small lymphocytes, immunoblasts, macrophages and so-called plasmacytoid monocytes, neutrophils were absent. Immunohistochemistry revealed within the lesion T-Lymphocytes displaying a phenotype CD4+ while T-Lymphocytes CD8+ were observed in the paracortex and in the peripheral region of the lesion
Smad4 altered expression is a new important step of TGF-BETA signal impairment in thyroid tumorigenesis
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