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Analisi dei dati paletnologici. In: Siti mesolitici del Carso triestino: dati preliminari di analisi del territorio
No full textHerders and caves in Croatia − new geoarchaeological evidence from cave sediments
Full text linkU radu su predstavljeni rezultati novih geoarheoloških i mikromorfoloških
istraživanja koja su autori izvršili na holocenskim
arheološkim špiljskim sedimentima u Hrvatskoj. Zajedno s preispitivanjem
prethodno objavljenih podataka, ovo istraživanje
daje nove spoznaje o stočarskoj uporabi špilja u Hrvatskoj.
Makroskopski i mikroskopski pokazatelji prisutnosti životinja
– uglavnom preživača – upućuju na to da su se od neolitika nadalje
špilje koristile kao staje, kao što je slučaj na čitavom prostoru
sjevernog Sredozemlja, od Pirenejskog poluotoka do Italije i
juga Balkanskog poluotoka. Na temelju rasprostranjenosti pretpovijesnih
nalazišta na otvorenome i špiljskih nalazišta, može
se zaključiti da su špilje bile sastavni dio kompleksnih agropastoralnih
sustava eksploatacije krajolika.This paper presents the results of new geoarchaeological and
micromorphological studies carried out by the authors on
Holocene archaeological cave sediments in Croatia. Combined
with the reappraisal of previously published data, this study
sheds new light on the pastoral use of caves in Croatia. The occurrence
of macro- and microscopic indicators of the presence
of animals – mostly ruminants – shows that caves were used
for housing livestock from the Neolithic onwards, as happened
all over the Northern Mediterranean area, from the Iberian
Peninsula to Italy, and in the Southern Balkans. Following the
distribution of open-air and cave prehistoric sites it can be concluded
that caves were integrated in complex agropastoral systems
of landscape exploitation
Are there marrow cavities in Pleistocene elephant limb bones, and was marrow available to early humans? New CT scan results from the site of Castel di Guido (Italy)
Full text linkCT-scan analyses were carried out on limb bones of straight-tusked elephants (Palaeoloxodon antiquus)from the Middle Pleistocene site of Castel di Guido (Italy), where bifaces made of elephant bone were found in association with lithics and a large number of intentionally modified bone remains of elephants and other taxa. CT-scans show that marrow cavities are present within the limb bones of this taxon. Though rather small compared to the size of the bones, these cavities suggest that bone raw material procurement may not have been the unique goal of intentional elephant bone fracturing, and the marrow may also have been extracted for consumption
Camaiore (LU). Il complesso rustico dell’Acquarella: dall’indagine conoscitiva alla valorizzazione
No full textNel contributo si presentano i risultati delle indagini multidisciplianri condotte sul sito dell'Acquarella-Capezzano Pianore a Camaiore (LU). Lo scavo archeologico ha consentito di indagare una complessa stratificazione compresa tra l'età tardo arcaica e l'età tardoantica. I resti più consistenti sono riferibili a un impianto oleario impiantato nella prima età imperiale. Indagini geomorfologiche hanno permesso di ricostruire il contesto ambientale in cui si sviluppava il complesso, mentre lo studio dei suoli ha consentito di formulare ipotesi sulla vocazione agricola dell'area. Si presentano infine gli interventi di tutela finalizzati anche a un progetto di valorizzazione
Il Riparo del Poggio a Marina di Camerota (Salerno): culture e ambiente
No full textPoggio Shelter is located on the Italian coast of the Tyrrhenian sea, some 80 km South-east of Naples. The Shelter was part of a complex underground karst system, which was partially dismantled by sea erosion during the high-stand of MIS 7, originating a large niche with a thick deposit at the foot of a falaise, and small cave. Archaeological excavations were carried out in the deposit and in the cave during the 1970s, putting into light a 23 m-thick sequence, including 17 m of archaeological levels.
The sequence is mainly made up of cave breakdown deposits mixed with colluvium originated by the reworking of red soils (Alfisols); soils or moderately reworked soils also occur, interfingered within the sequence. These sediments reflect environmental processes related respectively to the damping of the glacial effects by the mediterranean environment, and to warm interstadial phases.
The bottom of the sequence is covered by the present-day sea-level; the basal deposit can probably be attributed to MIS 7 because of the characteristics of the lithics occurring in the overlying levels, which include a level dated to 111.8 ka BP. The overlying sequence can be divided into three main parts, most of which contains archaeological records of culturally different human presences, starting from ancient Middle Palaeolithic cultures to Upper Palaeolithic
- Levels 20-18, made up of breakdown deposits with evidence of colluvium and some aeolian processes. The faunal assemblage can be divided into two stages, and includes mainly red deer, with roe deer, wild boar, ibex, chamois, bovines, and with Elephas and Stephanorhinus occurring only in the lower part. Since layer 18 appears evidence of human presence. Lower part of layer 18 contains an archaic and un-standardized lithic assemblage, characterised by denticulates and thick tools. The upper part contains a more specialised industry, basically focused on production of Quina-type side-scrapers with stepped retouch. This whole part of the sequence may correspond to the cold stage MIS 6, characterised by a patchy forested environment of fresh climate.
- Levels 17-9, reddish soils and soil sediments, interfingered with tephra, and dated to 43800±3500 BP in level 9. Among the faunas, which are statistically relevant only in levels 10-9, the fallow deer is the dominant ungulate, corresponding to an interstadial with temperate and moderately wet mediterranean-like climate. From the bottom to the top, we highlighted at least four main cultural phases. In layer 17 appears the first assemblage with Levallois technology, containing mainly slightly-retouched flat tools. Layer 16 contains a typical Mousterian assemblage which shows further development of Levallois technique. A scarce amount of findings comes from layers 15-13 (tephra), while the top of Middle Palaeolithic series (layers 12-9) contains an abundant, technologically and typologically advanced mousterian industry.
- Levels 8-1, colluvium of Alfisols and breakdown deposits with evidence of strong soil erosion, including very few faunal remains; these levels can be ascribed to a somewhat cold climate with continental traits of environmental instability. Following the erosion, from layer 7 to he top, findings showed out the presence of Epigravettian culture.
For what concerns human behaviour, it is noteworthy that the most frequent ungulates (red and fallow deer) were killed mostly when adult. The identified skeletal parts are represented mostly by isolated teeth and limb bones.
In levels 18a (bottom) and 10, most of the sediment skeleton is made up of strongly comminuted bone fragments, unsorted and with grain-size down to some tens of micrometres.
Lithic raw materials procurement area (close-distance from site) appears more or less the same in all periods, however we highlight a lack of selection strategies in MIS 6 assemblages, while more recent industries shows evidence of growing accuracy in selecting quality for tools production
MIS 13 and MIS 11 aggradational successions of the Paleo-Tiber delta: Geochronological constraints to sea-level fluctuations and to the Acheulean sites of Castel di Guido and Malagrotta (Rome, Italy)
No full textThis contribution presents an application of the conceptual model of 'aggradational succession' (i.e., the sedimentary record deposited in response to sea-level rise during the glacial terminations) to a series of geological sections of the Paleo-Tiber delta cropping out along the Via Aurelia near Rome, Italy. The geochronological constraints provided here through 40Ar/39Ar dating of volcanic layers intercalated within the sedimentary deposits of the MIS 13 and MIS 11 aggradational successions resulted in some remarkable outcomes: 1) we reconstruct an independent chronology of the Mediterranean sea-level oscillations 450 through 380 ka, in good agreement with the δ18O and the Red Sea relative sea level curve chronology; 2) the Glacial Termination V is here bracketed in the interval 423.1 ± 4.4–438.7 ± 1.2 ka; 3) we show that the aggradational successions of MIS 11 and MIS 13 display similar spatial/geometric features despite the significantly different amplitude of their Oxygen isotope records, challenging the regression models linking absolute values of benthic foraminifera δ18O and ice-volume; 4) we show the relevance of a climatic-stratigraphic approach in dating coastal-to-fluvial sedimentary contexts; 5) we provide indirect age constraints with the precision of a few ka for two important palaeoanthropological and archaeological sites in central Italy bearing Acheulean lithic industries and human remains
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