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Synthesis and pharmacological activity of the N‐terminal dermorphin tetrapeptide analogs with CH2‐NH peptide bond isosteres
No full textThe synthesis of pseudotetrapeptides H-Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-NH-(CH2)2--NH2 (1a), H-Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-psi (CH2--NH)-Gly-NH2 (2a), H-Tyr-D-Ala-psi (CH2--NH)-Phe-Gly-NH2 (3a), and H-Tyr-psi (CH2--NH)-D-Ala-Phe-Gly-NH2 (4a), representing the N-terminal tetrapeptide sequence of dermorphin, in which amide bonds are replaced by CH2--NH bond, is described. N-acetyl-Tyr and desamino-Tyr pseudopeptide analogs (1-4b), (1-3c) are also described. The analogs were assayed in binding studies based on displacement of mu and delta-receptor selective radiolabels from rat brain membrane and in a bioassay using guinea pig ileum (GPI). Pseudopeptides in which the C-terminal (1a) or D-Ala-Phe (3a) amide bond are substituted, exhibit higher mu-affinities and mu-receptor selectivity than the corresponding Phe-Gly or Tyr-D-Ala analogs (2a, 4a). Acetyl-and desamino-Tyr pseudopeptide analogs (1-4b) and (1-3c) did not exhibit mu and delta-opioid receptor affinity at nM concentration. The relevance of the single peptide replacement and of its association to acetylation or amino group elimination of Tyr, is discussed on the basis of a receptor model for mu and delta opioids
Opioid peptides. Synthesis and binding assays of desamino-Tyr1 dermorphin analogues. XII
No full textEight new dermorphin peptides, X-C6H4-CH2CH2CO-D-Ala-Phe-(L or D)-Yaa-NH2 [X = H, OH; Y = lysine, homoarginine (Har)], were prepared and tested by binding assays. They show negligible affinity for mu-, delta- and K-receptor sites. These findings indicate that the N-terminal ammonium group can not be replaced by the ammonium or guanidinium function located at the side-chain in Lys or Har derivatives
Comparison of the binding affinity of CGP-12177A at recombinant rat alpha(1D)-adrenoceptors expressed in BHK-21 cell membranes and alpha(1)-adrenoceptors present in rat cerebral cortex membranes
No full textRecent in vitro studies, performed in rat aorta, mesenteric and intrapulmonary arteries, and human pulmonary artery, demonstrated that the beta-adrenoceptor ligand CGP-12177A (4-[3-[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one) is also provided with antagonist or partial agonist properties at alpha(1)-adrenoceptors. These observations were supported by estimates of CGP-12177A binding affinity at alpha(1)-adrenoceptors, which have been always performed in rat cerebral cortex membranes, as a surrogate of vascular tissue. Since alpha(1D)-adrenoceptors are predominant in both rat aorta and mesenteric artery, in the present study, we measured, for the first time, the binding affinity of CGP-12177A at recombinant rat alpha(1D)-adrenoceptors expressed in BHK-21 cell membranes. CGP-12177A binding affinity was also determined in rat cerebral cortex membranes, where various alpha(1)-adrenoceptor subtypes are present. By means of [(3)H]prazosin binding competition experiments, we found that CGP-12177A bound to alpha(1D)-adrenoceptor-expressing BHK-21 cell membranes, with a binding affinity (pK(i)=5.39+/-0.27) almost identical to that measured in cerebral membranes (pK(i)=5.44+/-0.07), indicating that it is a non-subtype selective alpha(1)-adrenoceptor ligand. Moreover, CGP-12177A binding affinity was very close to its functional affinity evaluated in rat aorta in terms of antagonist potency against phenylephrine-induced contraction (pK(B)=5.65+/-0.07). In conclusion, our results demonstrate that, in order to evaluate CGP-12177A binding affinity at aorta and mesenteric artery alpha(1)-adrenoceptors, estimates in rat cerebral membranes are as reliable as those in recombinant rat alpha(1D)-adrenoceptors, since both values are very close to CGP-12177A functional affinities in isolated vessels
Synthesis and activity of dermorphin-growth hormone releasing factor hybrid peptides
No full textDermorphin- growth hormone releasing factor (GRF) hybrid peptides (Y-Tyr-D-Ala-Xaa-Gly-Tyr-Pro-Ser-NH2) were synthesized and tested for opioid activity and their ability to stimulate growth hormone (GH) secretion. The substitution of Phe3 for Asp and Glu in dermorphin or its N-terminal acetylation produced peptides with no affinity for opioid receptors but significant, even if low, GRF-like activity
Opioid agonists and antagonists - Peptides containing N-terminal allyl groups and or a thiomethylene linkage in place of a peptide-bond
No full textPeptides containing N-allyl or N,N-diallyl groups at the N-terminus have been synthesized as potential opioid antagonists. A number of analogues with an amide bond replaced by a thiomethylene group have also been prepared. In brain binding assays and in guinea-pig ileum and mouse vas deferens preparations, the analogues generally displayed low affinity for μ- and δ-receptors as well as agonist activities in in vitro tests. N,N-Diallyl-Phe-D-Ala-Phe-Gly-NH2(28) was found to be a moderately potent but highly selective antagonist at δ opiate receptors
In vitro evidence that carteolol is a nonconventional partial agonist of guinea pig cardiac beta1-adrenoceptors: a comparison with xamoterol.
No full textAbstract: The present study was designed to verify our previous hypothesis that carteolol, a beta(1)/beta(2)-adrenoceptor-blocking agent, is a nonconventional partial agonist of cardiac beta(1)-adrenoceptors. To this purpose, we characterized the effects of carteolol in guinea pig myocardial preparations and measured the affinities of carteolol for high- and low-affinity sites of beta 1-adrenoceptors labeled by CGP12177 [(-)4-(3-t-butylamino-2-hydroxypropoxy)-2-benzimidazol-2-one]. All experiments were performed in comparison with xamoterol, a cardioselective beta(1)-adrenoceptor partial agonist. Both drugs caused cAMP-dependent positive inotropic and chronotropic effects, but carteolol was less effective and less potent than xamoterol, and its cardiac actions were not affected by conventional concentrations of the beta-blocker propranolol. Both carteolol and xamoterol antagonized the cardiac effects of isoprenaline, but although the antagonistic concentrations of xamoterol were almost equal to those producing cardiostimulation, the antagonistic concentrations of carteolol were 3 log units lower than those causing cardiostimulant effects. Both carteolol and xamoterol competed with (-)[H-3]CGP12177 for a high-affinity site of beta(1)-adrenoceptors, but carteolol showed a higher affinity than xamoterol. Moreover, carteolol, unlike xamoterol, bound also to a low-affinity site of the receptors. The binding affinity constants of the drugs for the high- affinity site correlated well with the respective blocking potencies against isoprenaline, whereas the affinity constant of carteolol for the low-affinity site was well related to its agonist potency. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that carteolol, unlike xamoterol, is a nonconventional partial agonist, which causes agonistic effects through interaction with the low-affinity propranolol-resistant site of beta(1)-adrenoceptors and antagonistic actions through the high- affinity site of the same receptors
Synthesis and activity profiles of new dermorphin-(1-4) peptide analogues
No full textA new series of 12 dermorphin tetrapeptides, W-Tyr-D-MetO-Phe-Xaa-Y (W = H, H2NC = (NH); Xaa = Gly, Sar, D-Ala; Y = OH, OCH3, NH2) were prepared by traditional methods in solution and tested for opioid activity. In binding studies based on displacement of mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptor selective radiolabels from guinea pig brain membranes, the new analogues showed a negligible affinity for the kappa binding site and a preference for mu- over delta-receptors with an evident dependence on N- and/or C-terminal modifications; H-Tyr-D-MetO-Phe-Gly-OCH3 was shown to be one of the most selective mu-receptor ligands reported to date. All these tetrapeptides display dose-related naloxone-reversible antinociceptive effects following intracerebroventricular (icv) or subcutaneous (sc) administrations in mice. In comparison to morphine, H-Tyr-D-MetO-Phe-Sar-NH2 and the guanidino derivative H2NC = (NH)-Tyr-D-MetO-Phe-Gly-NH2 showed lower affinity for mu, delta, and kappa sites but exceptionally stronger analgesia: respectively they are 560 and 1550 times as potent an analgesic as morphine. Among analogues tested after sc administration, H-Tyr-D-MetO-Phe-Sar-NH2 and H-Tyr-D-MetO-Phe-D-Ala-OH displayed the highest activities; they were respectively 22 and 30 times more potent than morphine on a molar basis. These results indicate that N- or C-terminal modifications and substitution at position 2 or 4 of dermorphin-(1-4) peptide do not only influence the affinity of the resulting analogues to opioid receptors but also may favorably alter their pharmacokinetic properties
P2x-purinoceptors in the heart: actions of ATP and UTP.
No full textPositive inotropic effects of ATP and UTP (1 microM - 1mM) were studied in isolated rat and guinea pig cardiac tissues. The potency order obtained was ATP>UTP in both species, suggesting possible interaction with P2X-purinoceptors. Binding studies using [(3)H]alpha,beta-methylene ATP as marker of P2X-purinoceptors revealed two receptor sites: one high-, the other low-affinity, in atria and ventricles from rat and guinea pig. Both ATP and UTP were found to bind high-affinity sites of [(3)H]alpha,beta-methylene ATP. The effects of various calcium inhibitors such as nifedipine, dantrolene, ryanodine and TMB-8 on positive inotropic effects induced by ATP and UTP were also studied. The results suggest that ATP and UTP may increase inotropism by interaction with P2X-purinoceptors by means of a calcium-dependent mechanism
Synthesis and opioid activity of tyrosine sulfate containing dermorphin and deltorphin peptides
No full textTo study the effect of the sulfate ester moiety on the opioid activity, we prepared two tyrosine sulfate-(Tyr(SO3H)-containing dermorphin and deltorphin peptides. Their activities were determined in binding studies based on displacement of mu- and delta-receptor selective radiolabels from rat brain membranes and in two bioassays, using guinea pig ileum and mouse vas deferens. In comparison to original peptides and morphine, the obtained data indicate that whereas H-Tyr(SO3H)-D-Ala-Phe-Gly-NH2 shows very minimal interaction with opioid receptors, H-Tyr(SO3H)-D-Ala-Phe-Asp-Val-Val-Gly-NH2 retains a significant activity
Pharmacological effects and binding studies of new methylxanthine thioderivatives.
No full textThe effects of two methylxanthine derivatives, 6-thiocaffeine (TC) and 6-thiotheophylline (TT), were investigated in different in vitro and in vivo conditions. On guinea-pig isolated trachea, both TC and TT showed a relaxant effect (EC50 50 microM and 60 microM, respectively), more potent than theophylline (300 microM). In guinea-pig isolated atria TC (30-50 microM) was able to antagonize R-PIA (a stable agonist on adenosine receptors) negative effect in not a clearly competitive way. Higher concentration (100 microM) began to reverse that inhibitory effect. In vitro Ki of TC and TT for A1 and A2 adenosine receptors was intermediate in comparison to caffeine and theophylline. On the contrary, the two thioderivatives showed a higher affinity for [3H]-nitrendipine binding sites, in comparison to the original methylxanthines. All these data suggest a complex mechanism of action, probably at the level of adenosine extracellular receptors and L-type Ca2+ channels. In vivo experiments in mice provided evidence for a lack of CNS stimulant effects, but a loss of motor coordination was observed. Both thioderivatives showed a reduced acute toxicity. These data can be useful for the development of drugs for the therapy of asthma with reduced side effects
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