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    Strategic Environmental Assessment and spatial planning in Italy: sustainability, integration and democracy

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    This paper investigates the application of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) to spatial planning in Italy. We discuss SEA effectiveness by focusing on three main dimensions: sustainable development, environmental policy integration and democratic governance. The methodology includes the analysis of 27 SEA reports and interviews with key actors. Findings suggest that SEA is beginning to insinuate ecological rationality and improving environmental policy integration across planning levels and disciplinary boundaries. SEA also leads to progress in transparency and communication, whereas the actual involvement of the public in decision making is still weak. Future developments may address the potential contribution of SEA to focusing planning on long-term, shared, visions of socio-ecological systems

    New records of old species. Some pelagic polychaetes along the Italian coast

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    Holoplanktonic polychaetes constitute an exception within this taxon, which as adults colonize all the whole variety of brackish water and marine habitats. Nevertheless, they form a distinctive group in marine zooplankton and play an important role in the pelagic trophic nets. Pelagic worms are little studied, especially in the Mediterranean Sea, while information regarding the distribution of the families Typhloscolecidae and Iospilidae along Italian coasts is a century out of date. This paper deals with the state of knowledge of these polychaetes; it summarizes the previous records, updating them with the new records here reported from Tyrrhenian Sea, in order to check whether they have a bearing on Italian fauna. The findings reported in this paper confirm the presence of the Typhloscolecidae, with the species Sagitella kowalewskyi and Typhloscolex muelleri, and of the Iospilidae, with the species Phalacrophorus pictus and Iospilus phalacroides, along the Italian coasts, validating, in each case, their current presence in the Italian fauna. The main morphological features of these species and a dichotomous key for their identification are also reported

    Evaluation and the environmental democracy of cities: Strategic Environmental Assessment of urban plans in Italy

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    Cities stand up as a major concern for environmental governance and democracy, and an ideal target for theoretical investigations and practical innovations alike. Our work is concerned with reconstructing the links between democracy and the environment, by targeting urban governance and tapping into the institutional practices of Urban Planning and Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA). SEA is a major policy tool, and its interplay with planning unravels key issues in both urban governance and environmental democracy, including coping with fundamental risks, voicing non-human agents, managing commons, addressing environmental justice. The observations we present in this paper rest on two parallel approaches. First, we carried out a content review of 12 SEA reports concerning urban plans in Italy. Second, we were involved in two case studies concerning urban planning and SEA in the towns of Monopoli and Magenta. We point to some key reflections with the aim of opening up the discussion. Participation often languishes in institutional arenas, yet it thrives in other forms that affect decision-making. Negotiation around individual planning processes should be framed in the general governance arrangements that are constantly reshaped through interactions among fluid trans-organizational networks. Legally binding measures have an ambivalent relation with environmental governance strategies, and they are handled with difficulty by deliberative planning approaches. In mainstreaming new policy tools (such as SEA), procedural aspects are usually stressed, whereas a focus on process and desired outcomes could foster, respectively, capacity building and salience
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