1,720,974 research outputs found
Synthetic cannabimimetics and early psychosis: focus group with young patients of a community mental health centre
No full textStaff Opinions on the Most Positive and Negative Changes in Mental Health Services During the 2 Years of the Pandemic Emergency in Italy
No full textIdentità di genere. Riflessioni cliniche e letture fenomenologiche sulla costruzione delle identità transessuali
No full textIl volume proposto nasce da una duplice esigenza, da un lato riorganizzare alcune nozioni relative all'identità corporea individuale ed alle ricadute di questa nell'evoluzione della persona nel suo complesso, dall'altro descrivere l'esperienza clinica svolta, nell'ambito dei percorsi di supporto alla transizione di genere, presso la Clinica Psichiatrica di Trieste.
Partendo da una disamina del concetto di identità nella sua evoluzione, discutendo delle influenze che, a partire dalle prime mosse del pensiero psicologico, si sono succedute nel rispondere all'ambiziosa questione del definire la natura del Sé, il testo si arricchisce dei contributi della sociologia e dell'antropologia, fino ad arrivare ad una lettura fenomenologica e la psicopatologica. Sarà dato particolare spazio al tema della proprietà del corpo come soggetto e nel contempo oggetto delle esperienze vissute ed alle situazioni di “crisi” delle forme dell'identità così come queste sono state delineate.
Lo scopo della trattazione non è quello di esaurire la descrizione psicopatologica dei disturbi trattati, ma di proporre di osservarne alcuni contenuti descrittivi e fenomenologici partendo dal concetto di crisi dell'identità come disturbo generatore.
In questo modo le dinamiche relative alla crisi dell'Ipseità nella schizofrenia diventano strumento di una riflessione sulle situazioni “limite”, sugli stati premorbosi e di vulnerabilità, sulla possibilità di cogliere i piccoli cambiamenti prima del precipitare nel delirio, sfida decisiva per la prevenzione ed il trattamento precoce dei problemi di salute mentale nei giovani e negli adolescenti.
La parte centrale dell'opera tratta delle diverse declinazioni del tema dell'identità corporea, in particolare esplorando i processi anche radicali di ri-soggettivizzazione (e quindi modificazione) del proprio corpo. Con uno sguardo trasversale saranno esaminati sia particolari quadri psicopatologici, sia condizioni e comportamenti che, progressivamente, nel corso dei decenni e grazie a notevoli cambiamenti culturali, sono oggi sempre più riconosciuti come socialmente accettati e supportati, tra questi sarà dato spazio, non solamente ai processi coinvolti nella costituzione atipica di genere, ma a tutta quella costellazione di fenomeni di modificazione corporea che hanno assunto, nella società contemporanea significati e modalità nuove, sia per processi di natura culturale che a seguito di innovazioni tecnologiche.
Nella sua parte conclusiva il testo si inserisce nell'ampia discussione sulla natura di alcune condizioni esistenziali quali la transizione di genere, sul suo status di condizione di natura psichiatrica o invece di percorso personale di ricerca di significato e di ricostruzione di una identità narrativa. A questo scopo il testo è supportato da una vasta esperienza “sul campo” che ha coinvolto soggetti in transizione nei vari stadi del percorso e che permette allo studio di contribuire alla progressiva disconnessione del tema della organizzazione atipica di genere dall'ambito della psichiatria per ricondurlo ai suoi aspetti complessivi di percorso di salute, di ricerca personale e di occasione di sviluppo per la comunità
What does dependency on community mental health services mean? A conceptual review with a systematic search
Full text linkPurpose Although community mental health services aim to support patients’ autonomy and independence, they have repeatedly been criticised for making patients dependent. Yet, it remains often unclear what exactly is meant with dependency in this context. This review aimed to identify the meaning of the term dependency on community services in the literature.
Methods A systematic search and conceptual review of papers where dependency is used in the context of community mental health services. Narrative synthesis was used to identify thematic concepts linked to dependency in these settings.
Results Fifteen papers met the inclusion criteria. The analysis identified five different concepts of dependency on community mental health services: dislocation from the outside world; inflexibility and lack of freedom; obligation as resentment or appreciation; living with or without meaningful activities; and security.
Conclusions The findings suggest that, distinct from the exclusively negative connotation of the term dependency in a conventional medical context, dependency on community mental health services contains both negative and positive aspects. The different aspects might guide the future evaluation of the care provided in such services
GENDER DIFFERENCES AND CLINICAL EVIDENCE: BODY SHAPE PERCEPTION AND PHYSICAL APPEARANCE STEREOTYPES IN OBESE PEOPLE
No full textSYNTHETIC CANNABINOIDS AND THE SEROTONIN SYNDROME: AN UNFORESEEN ASSOCIATION
No full textSYNTHETIC CANNABINOIDS AND THE SEROTONIN SYNDROME: AN UNFORESEEN ASSOCIATION Duccio Papanti 1, Laura Orsolini 2, Tommaso Bonavigo 1, Federico Sandri 1, Elisabetta Pascolo-Fabrici 1, Fabrizio Schifano 3 1 University of Trieste, Italia 2 University of Marche, Italia 3 University of Hertfordshire, UK Educational Objectives: Use of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) has been increasingly associated with severe adverse effects, including deaths. SC intoxication is very different to cannabis one and shows common features with the serotonin syndrome. Purpose Synthetic cannabinoid compounds belong to a new psychoactive class of substances misused as an alternative to marijuana (MJ). These compounds have been developed for research purposes and have never been tested in clinical human studies. Currently, SCs can be easily bought on a global level, both online and in local stores. We aimed here at identifying SC pharmacodynamics, effects/symptoms of intoxication and neurobehavioral sequaelae in humans, with a focus on findings compatible/common to the serotonin syndrome. Methods: A search was carried out on PubMed/Medline for the terms “synthetic cannabimimetics”, “synthetic cannabinoids”, “synthetic cannabis” in order to identify effects/symptoms of intoxication, neurobehavioral sequaelae related to SC intake in humans. Results: SC compounds are structurally dissimilar and incorporate indole mojeties, not present in MJ. SC are full agonists on cannabinoid receptors (CB-rs) while cannabis main psychoactive, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), exerts partial agonism on cannabinoid receptors. SCs visual hallucinations are described as fractals/trails/flashes of colour/geometric patterns [1]. Signs of intoxication are elevated heart rate; hallucinations; mydriasis; agitation; vomiting; and seizures; these signs are common in the serotonin syndrome. Indole is structurally similar to serotonin (5-HT), has activity on 5-HT receptors and is typically identified within indoleamine hallucinogens such as DMT. While 5-HT2A receptors are the primary site of action for DMT (typically producing visual geometric hallucinations in the users), the agonism of 5-HT2A receptors contributes substantially to the development of the serotonin syndrome. Conclusions: Beside the well-known cannabimimetic properties, SC drugs could have additive hallucinogenic effects due to the indole mojeties incorporated in their structures. SCs intake/intoxication can produce acute signs/symptoms/clinical findings belonging to the serotonin syndrome. Literature Reference [1] Spaderna, M., Addy, P.H., D’Souza, D.C., 2013. Spicing thin
Outcome analysis on individual health budgets in mental Health: finding from the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, Italy
No full textBackgroundIndividual Health Budget (IHB) is used for social and health integration and to facilitate processes of resource reorientation in healthcare. Despite its increased use in mental health settings, few studies investigated its effectiveness in severe mental disorders. Methods383 IHB beneficiaries were recruited among Mental Health Departments users of the Italian region Friuli Venezia Giulia. Data involved sociodemographic and clinical variables, IHB type and scores of Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS) at admission to IHB programme (T0), after 12 months (T1), and after 24 months (T2).ResultsThe length and the mean number of hospitalisations and healthcare interventions decreased at T1. A significant scores' reduction from T0 to T1 evaluation was found in HoNOS total score (T-test (P) < 0.05) and in most of its items. An improvement throughout the whole evaluation period (T0 vs. T2) was found in 36% of the IHB beneficiaries, while more than 60% of them remained in the same HoNOS severity category.ConclusionsOur results support the use of IHB in patients with severe mental problems, since it may contribute to an improvement in social and clinical functioning, consequently lowering the burden on MHDs
Views of Mental Health Professionals on Positive Changes in Service Practices and Staff-User Relationships After One Year of Covid-19 Pandemic in Italy
Full text linkThis study explored views of mental health services (MHS) professionals regarding positive changes in service practices and organizations, and staff-user relationships after one year of COVID-19 in Italy. Professionals from a community-oriented MHS completed online the Questionnaire on MHS
Transformations during the COVID-19 pandemic, a 30-item tool developed by a participatory approach and validated. Of the 184 participants, 91.8% felt it was ‘‘true/definitely true’’ that during the pandemic they had informed users on procedures to reduce contagion risks, and 82.1% stated that they had increased telephone contact with users. Sixty-nine percent of professionals reported that staff revised treatment plans according to new needs of care and 78.6% stated that they had been able to mediate between user needs and safe working procedures.
Moreover, 79.4% of respondents stated that they had rediscovered the importance of gestures and habits, and 65% that they had gained strength among colleagues to face fear. Fifty-four percent of participants admitted that they had discovered unexpected personal resources in users. Overall, 59.6% of participants stated that they found some positives in the COVID-19 experience. Perceived positive changes was greater among professionals from community facilities vs. those from hospital and residential facilities. In community-oriented MHS, the pandemic offered an opportunity to change practices and rethink the meaning of relationships between people. This data may be useful in generating a more balanced understanding of COVID-19’s impact on MHS and for MHS planning in the pandemic era
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