186,236 research outputs found
Ginungagapus bocus Bell 1947, comb. nov.
No full textGinungagapus bocus (Bell, 1947), comb. nov. (Figs 4, 12, 19 and 24) Eutocus bocus Bell, 1947. Amer. Mus. Novit. 1330: 6, fig. 7 (male gen.); holotype male, Itatiaya Mountains, Campo Bello [=Itatiaia], Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, J. F. Zikán leg.; AMNH. Lucida bocus; Evans, 1955. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 4, p. 118, pl. 60 (male gen.).—Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 17; 2, p. 19.—Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 27; 2, p. 31.—Bridges, 1994. Cat. Fam.-Group, Gen.-Group and Sp.-Group Nam. Hesperioidea 8, p. 32; 9, p. 35; 10, p. 4.—Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 71, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4 A, Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5 A.— Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 4, p. 1048. (no genus) bocus; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 97. Type. Holotype in AMNH Systematic history. Described as belonging to Eutocus, thereafter transferred by Evans (1955) to Lucida together with the description of this genus. All other authors mention the species in taxonomical comments, geographical distribution studies and catalogues. Diagnosis. Very similar to G. tangerinii sp. nov. with respect to: the central and discal areas light brown or bluish between well marked bands; inner line of harpe with spines; posterior end of aedeagus with asymmetrical lobes, both rounded; and fultura inferior dorsally thin and straight. However, G. bocus comb. nov. can be distinguished by its greater forewing size, more produced harpe, ovoid elongated lateral expansion of lamella antevaginalis; posterior margin of sterigma with lateral projections separated by a U shaped concave margin; and presence of sclerotized grooves within the ductus bursae. Geographical distribution and phenology. Coastal mountains of southeastern Brazil. BRAZIL: Espírito Santo, Santa Teresa (II, III). Minas Gerais, Campo Belo (XI). Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia (I–IV, VII, XII), Petrópolis (I–IV, VIII, IX, XII), Rio de Janeiro (I, II, VII, VIII), Teresópolis (I–IV, XI, XII). Altitude. 200–1600m Examined material. AMNH (1), BMNH (1), DZUP (36), MGCL (17), IOC (7), MNRJ (10), USNM (11).Published as part of Carneiro, Eduardo, Mielke, Olaf H. H. & Casagrande, M. M., 2015, The Neotropical genus Ginungagapus gen. nov. (Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae, Moncini): phylogenetic position and taxonomic review, pp. 196-220 in Zootaxa 3931 (2) on page 204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3931.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/23341
Endoscopic ultrasonography in large gastric folds
No full textLarge gastric folds are seen in a great number of benign and malignant conditions. Diagnosis is a clinical challenge because the etiology may be extremely varied and standard biopsies are often inconclusive. The gastric wall is considered thickened at endosonography when it is more than 3.6 mm in width. Different diseases show different levels of infiltration of the gastric wall. When abnormalities involve the second layer only, benign conditions can be considered and standard endoscopic biopsies are often diagnostic. When abnormalities involve layers two and three, different diseases can be suspected, including Helicobacter pylori infection and lymphoma; in this case large-particle biopsy should be considered. When abnormalities involve layer four, malignancy should be strongly suspected even if standard or large-particle biopsies are negative. Endosonography, always in combination with fine-needle or guillotine-needle biopsy, should be able to rule out malignancies and to select the most appropriate treatment for each patient. © Georg Thieme Verlag
Endosonography in gastric lymphoma and large gastric folds
No full textTo establish a correct preoperative differential diagnosis between gastric lymphoma and cancer is essential but can be difficult as endoscopic biopsies can sometimes provide a low diagnostic yield. By EUS, infiltrative carcinoma tends to show a vertical growth in the gastric wall, while lymphoma tends to show mainly a horizontal extension. EUS provides an accurate staging of gastric lymphoma, showing the exact level of infiltration and the presence of perigastric lymph nodes, thus the physician can obtain an accurate prognosis for each patient and select the best form of treatment accordingly. The response to chemoradiotherapy can also be investigated very accurately by EUS. Large gastric folds are seen in a great number of benign and malignant conditions. Diagnosis represents a clinical challenge because etiology may be extremely varied and standard biopsies are often inconclusive. Different diseases show different levels of infiltration of the gastric wall, thus a characteristic echo-pattern helps for the differential diagnosis. Endosonography, used always in combination with biopsy, allows to rule out malignancies and to select the most appropriate treatment for each patient (medical or surgical). (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd
Which stent stenosis of the esophagus which [Quale stent in quale stenosi dell'esofago].
No full textSelf expandable esophageal prosthesis
today represent an effective palliative
treatment in esophageal cancer and
in cases of stenosis or fistula into the
trachea or in the mediastinum, with a
limited number of complications. Covered
metal ones are preferable, while the
plastic stents present a more difficult
position and higher incidence
of migration. Results in benign stenosis
are less successful: their use is
recommended only in selected cases.
Further long-term prospective data are
awaited before biodegradable stents can
be recommended for the management
of benign esophageal lesions
Programmed cell desth 4 (PDCD4) expression during multistep Barett's carcinogenesis.
No full textAbstract
AIM:
To test the contribution of programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) tumour suppressor gene in Barrett's carcinogenesis.
METHODS:
PDCD4 immunohistochemical expression was assessed in 88 biopsy samples obtained from histologically proven long-segment Barrett's mucosa (BM; 25 non-intestinal columnar metaplasia, 25 intestinal metaplasia (IM), 16 low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LG-IEN), 12 high-grade IEN (HG-IEN) and 10 Barrett's adenocarcinoma (BAc)). As controls, 25 additional samples of native oesophageal mucosa (N) were obtained from patients with dyspepsia. To further support the data, the expression levels of miR-21, an important PDCD4 expression regulator, in 14 N, 5 HG-IEN and 11 BAc samples were determined by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Results PDCD4 immunostaining decreased progressively and significantly with the progression of the phenotypic changes occurring during Barrett's carcinogenesis (p<0.001). Normal basal squamous epithelial layers featured strong PDCD4 nuclear immunoreaction (mostly coexisting with weak-moderate cytoplasmic staining). Non-intestinal columnar metaplasia and intestinal metaplasia preserved a strong nuclear immunostaining; conversely, a significant decrease in PDCD4 nuclear expression was seen in dysplastic (LG-IEN and HG-IEN) and neoplastic lesions. Weak-moderate cytoplasmic immunostaining was evident in cases of LG-IEN, while HG-IEN and BAc samples showed weak cytoplasmic or no protein expression. As expected, miR-21 expression was significantly upregulated in HG-IEN and BAc samples, consistently with PDCD4 dysregulation.
CONCLUSIONS:
These data support a significant role for PDCD4 downregulation in the progression of BM to BAc, and confirm miR-21 as a negative regulator of PDCD4 in vivo. Further efforts are needed to validate PDCD4 as a potential prognostic marker in patients with Barrett's oesophagus
Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) expression during multistep Barrett's carcinogenesis (vol 63, pg 692, 2010)
No full textAIM: To test the contribution of programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) tumour
suppressor gene in Barrett's carcinogenesis.
METHODS: PDCD4 immunohistochemical expression was assessed in 88 biopsy samples
obtained from histologically proven long-segment Barrett's mucosa (BM; 25
non-intestinal columnar metaplasia, 25 intestinal metaplasia (IM), 16 low-grade
intraepithelial neoplasia (LG-IEN), 12 high-grade IEN (HG-IEN) and 10 Barrett's
adenocarcinoma (BAc)). As controls, 25 additional samples of native oesophageal
mucosa (N) were obtained from patients with dyspepsia. To further support the
data, the expression levels of miR-21, an important PDCD4 expression regulator,
in 14 N, 5 HG-IEN and 11 BAc samples were determined by quantitative real-time
PCR analysis. Results PDCD4 immunostaining decreased progressively and
significantly with the progression of the phenotypic changes occurring during
Barrett's carcinogenesis (p<0.001). Normal basal squamous epithelial layers
featured strong PDCD4 nuclear immunoreaction (mostly coexisting with
weak-moderate cytoplasmic staining). Non-intestinal columnar metaplasia and
intestinal metaplasia preserved a strong nuclear immunostaining; conversely, a
significant decrease in PDCD4 nuclear expression was seen in dysplastic (LG-IEN
and HG-IEN) and neoplastic lesions. Weak-moderate cytoplasmic immunostaining was
evident in cases of LG-IEN, while HG-IEN and BAc samples showed weak cytoplasmic
or no protein expression. As expected, miR-21 expression was significantly
upregulated in HG-IEN and BAc samples, consistently with PDCD4 dysregulation.
CONCLUSIONS: These data support a significant role for PDCD4 downregulation in
the progression of BM to BAc, and confirm miR-21 as a negative regulator of PDCD4
in vivo. Further efforts are needed to validate PDCD4 as a potential prognostic
marker in patients with Barrett's oesophagus
Endoscopic treatment of pseudosarcomatous squamous carcinoma of the esophagus: case report and personal experience
No full textAbstract: Spindle cell (or pseudosarcomatous) squamous carcinoma (PSC) is a rare malignant neoplasm of the esophagus, potentially capable of causing lymph node and distant metastases. Indications for surgery are the same as for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus. The aims of this paper were to report a case of endoscopically treated PSC and to review our experience of surgically-treated patients with PSC in order to identify patients potentially suitable for endoscopic treatment. In our series of 4460 patients with carcinoma of the esophagus observed between 1980 and 2003, 28 (0.6%) had the histological features of PSC. One had a PSC histologically confirmed (8cm-long polyp with a 3cm-large base) and endoscopically treated for high surgical risk. The patient had a close follow-up with endoscopic biopsies and ultrasonography with no local recurrence at 3 years. The overall survival rate was 22% for PSC and 17% for SCC (P = n.s.); after 5 years, the survival rates were 22% and 13%, respectively (P = n.s.). In our opinion the limited tendency to parietal infiltration and the good chance of disclosure in an early stage with endoscopic ultrasonography, justify non-surgical solutions in patients with a high surgical risk, possibly associated with adjuvant chemo- and radiotherapy since lymph node involvement is reported in 50% of cases. The limited number of patients with PSC involved in the present series prevent any significant statistical comparisons between the different groups, but the survival rates were roughly the same in the nonsurgical curative therapy as in the curative resection group, while the chances of survival were significantly lower in patients given palliative surgery and or non-curative treatments (P < 0.05)
Cancer of the esophagus - Endoscopic ultrasound: Selection for cure
No full textSeveral treatment options are available to treat esophageal cancer. Ideally, treatment should be individualized, based on the projected treatment outcome for that individual. Accurate staging of the extent of the disease at the time of diagnosis offers the most rational attempt at stratifying patients into categories that can be used to affect treatment choices. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is the most accurate nonoperative technique for determining the depth of tumour infiltration and thus is accurate in predicting which patients will be able to undergo complete resection. EUS is also being used for tumour staging in order to guide treatment decisions in patients with esophageal cancer
Role of Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity (UCEIS) versus Mayo Endoscopic Subscore (MES) in Predicting Patients' Response to Biological Therapy and the Need for Colectomy
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