1,721,173 research outputs found
MICROSACCADIC RESPONSE DURING INHIBITION OF RETURN IN A TARGET-TARGET PARADIGM
No full textThis study examined the relationship between inhibition of return (IOR) in covert orienting and microsaccade statistics. Unlike a
previous study [Galfano, G., Betta, E., & Turatto, M. (2004)], IOR was assessed by means of a target–target paradigm, and microsaccade
dynamics were monitored as a function of both the Wrst and the second visual event. In line with what has been reported with a
cue-target paradigm, a signiWcant directional modulation was observed opposite to the Wrst visual event. Because participants
were to respond to any stimulus, this rules out the possibility that the modulation resulted from a generic motor inhibition,
showing instead that it is peculiarly coupled to the oculomotor system. Importantly, after the second visual event, a diVerent
response was observed in microsaccade orientation, whose direction critically depended of whether the second visual event
appeared at the same location as the Wrst visual event. The results are consistent with the notion that IOR is composed of both attentional
and oculomotor components, and challenge the view that covert orienting paradigms engage the attentional component in
isolation
From biopolitics to eugenics: the encyclical Casti connubii
No full textStarting from the second half of the Nineteenth century, the Catholic doctrine was confronted with the practices of birth control and biopolitical intervention on the reproduction. In this perspective, the Congregation of the Holy Office – the guardian of the orthodoxy of the Catholic discourse – discussed questions such as therapeutic abortion, obstetrical practices, contraception, and artificial insemination. The inquisitors acquired knowledge on the practices of controlling human reproduction, and defined norms had power of law for Catholic discourse. In 1930, Pius XI issued the encyclical Casti connubii, dedicated to the discipline of marriage that, among others prohibitions, also established the condemnation of eugenics. This document proved to be decisive for the development of the Catholic doctrine concerning marriage, birth control, and sexuality, both in individual practices and institutional actions. The encyclical condemned any medical, social and eugenical indication for abortion, sterilization, and birth control practices. In the same year, the Congregation of the Holy Office issued a decree of condemnation of eugenics.
Based on the sources of the Archive of the Congregation of the Holy Office, this article will analyze the background and features of this document and its impact in the the building of the biopolitical discourse of the Catholic Church
Eugenetica in democrazia. Uomini e topi: il discorso di Mariella Mehr all’Università di Basilea
Full text linkEugenics in democracy. Of mice and men: the discourse of Mariella Mehr at the Basel University
From 1924 to 1973 a Swiss federal agency provided a eugenic project of national re-education of gypsies people, which was considered degenerated and dangerous for national community. Almost 6000 children were taken from their families, given in adoption, with the annulment of any relationship to their families, arriving in many cases at the reclusion in prison or psychiatric clinic, with the use of sterilization as the definitive disciplinary measure. This long standing eugenic project started to be criticized at the beginning of the Seventies, even by the public action of the poetess and writer Mariella Mehr, whose life has been harshly marked by this project. Twenty years later she received an honoury degree as a public recognition of giving voice to people who suffered the brutality of this project. That lectio magistralis, published here integrally for the first time, discusses with implacable and lucid words the role of knowledge and public institutions in conceiving and organizing this project and the persistence of eugenics and racist interpretations of gypsies, which had and still have deeply and resistant roots in the savants community, even after the fall of totalitarian regimes and in democratic contexts
Francesco Benigno, Vincenzo Lavenia, Peccato o crimine. La chiesa di fronte alla pedofilia, Laterza, Roma-Bari 2021
No full textRecension
La costruzione dell'expertise bioetica in Italia, comitati e istituzioni 1980-2019
No full textCon la fine degli anni 40 la bioetica emerge come un ambito crescente di discussione, a partire dai dibattiti sulla sperimentaizon emedica, sul trapianto di organi, lo sviluppo di trattamenti salvavita, l'ingegneria genetica, le nuove tecniche ridroduttive. Venti anni dopo, lo sviluppo della bioetica produce la istituzionalizzazione di questa disciplina, sia in ambito accademico sia nello spazio pubblico. Dopo la nascita di Louise Brown nel 1978 molti paesi fondano istituzioni pubbliche o comitati per l'espertise bioetica. Seguendo le raccomandazioni dell'Unione europea l'italia nel 1990 fonda il Comitato nazionale di bioetica. L'articolo si concentra sulla storia della bioetica in Italia, esaminando l'istituzionalizzazione di queta disciplina nel CNB e nei comitati locali e nei comitati etici locali. Tracciando le origini di queste istituzioni, la loro composizione, i profili degli esperti i criteri di selezione dei membri, l'articolo esamina l'identità della bioetica quale disciplina attraverso le sue istituzioni principali in Italia e nella sua relazione con la politica e la religione.By the end of the ’40’s bioethics emerged as a growing field of discussion, starting from the debates over human experiments, organ transplants, development of life-sustaining treatment, genetic engineering and new reproductive technology. Twenty years later, the development of bioethics produced the institutionalization of this discipline, both in the academic and universities and in public space. After the birth of Louise Brown, in 1978, many countries founded public institutions or committees for bioethical expertise. Following
the European Union recommendations pushing the Member states to the foundation of bioethical national committees, in 1990 Italy established the Italian National Bioethics Committee (NBC). This article focuses on the history of bioethics in Italy, examining the institutionalization of this discipline in the NBC and in the ethics local committees in the ethics local committees. Tracing the origins of this institution, its composition, the profiles of the members, the criteria for the selection of the members, the article examines the identity of bioethics as a discipline through its main institution in Italy and its relationship with politics and religion
Chiesa e regolazione delle nascite: un approccio storico
No full textDalla letteratura antica fino alle prese di posizioni delle encicliche del Novecento, il tema del controllo della fertilità ha attraversato la riflessione cattolica, trovando modi e forme di espressione e messa a punto differenti nel corso della storia. In questo lungo arco di tempo, le conoscenze sulla fisiologia dei corpi e della fertilità sono cambiate, si sono sviluppate e diffuse nelle società influendo in maniera decisiva sulle pratiche e sui motivi che spingono le persone a cercare un controllo della fertilità. Il saggio discuterà come quest’insieme di fattori ha influito sul modo con il quale la chiesa e la dottrina hanno storicamente discusso e giudicato il controllo della fertilità e come si sono poste in relazione alle trasformazioni nelle pratiche e nelle motivazioni
The trajectories of eugenics
Full text linkIntroduzione al numero monografico di Contemporanea intitolato "Present days-eugenics"
18 settembre. Anniversario della dichiarazione fascista della razza
No full textSintesi della giornata del 18 settembre, anniversario leggi razziali fascist
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