1,721,015 research outputs found
The high-level basketball player [Il giocatore di basket di elevato livello]
No full textWe have collected, by a multicentric research among the physicians of many Italian First Division Basketball Teams, all biomorphological values of top-level basketball players. From the beginning of the 1995-1996 Season, these tests have been extended to professional basketball players from the Italian Sport Professional Laws (Law for the Medical Service of Professional Sportsmen, published on the Italian Official Bulletin on 28th April, 1995). These rules force all basketball players to undertake many clinical examinations once or twice a year and all results must be collected in an individual clinical record and a medical sheet, which both will follow the athlete during his sport career. The Members of the Association of the Italian Basketball Physicians have collected all the data of 108 professional players, relating to the first medical examination during the preseason training of the 1996-1997 Championship. From these results we can elaborate, with high reliability, the biomorphological profile of the professional basketball player, where we can see that these athletes have lung and heart top level parameters, great muscle mass and good conditions of all body systems, demonstrated by normal hematochemical values. This paper provides only preliminary results, but through a larger number of collected data, we will be able to identify an exact outline of the basketball professional player, also by adding some other physiological and metabolic parameters, actually not requested by the law
The Decline of Swimming Performance With Advancing Age: A Cross-Sectional Study
No full textThe aim of this cross-sectional study was to measure the swimming parameters - speed (V), stroke frequency (SF), and stroke length (SL) - in 162 male athletes aged 50-90 (divided into 7 age groups, from A to G) participating in the World Master Championships in the 200-m freestyle event, and to analyze the rates and magnitudes of their age-associated declines. The swimmers were video-recorded by 2 digital cameras during the competitions and the swimming parameters related to every 50-m section (lap) and to the entire race (average) subsequently measured or calculated. Lap V and SF decreased in the second and third quarter (11 and 4% on average) and increased (3% on average) in the fourth quarter of the race, whereas lap SL decreased from the first to the last 50-m section. Average V (m·s-1) decreased from 1.39 ± 0.09 (group A) to 0.84 ± 0.11 (group G); average SL (m) decreased from 2.10 ± 0.20 (group A) to 1.78 ± 0.19 (group G); and average SF (cycles·s-1) decreased from 0.67 ± 0.06 (group A) to 0.47 ± 0.04 (group G). One-way analysis of variance showed significant declines in average V, SL, and SF (p < 0.01) across the 7 groups. The swimming parameters were normalized to the highest values (set equal to 100); thereafter, a linear regression curve was fitted and the regression equations calculated. Decline of SF was about 2.5 times steeper than that of SL. It was highlighted that (a) among the swimming parameters, SL is less affected by the ageing process; (b) SL decreased from group A through group C and thereafter tended to keep steady, whereas the trend for SF was opposite. The results have the potential to give master swimmers and their coaches useful information for training program desig
Active recovery from a maximal exercise bout improves lactate clearance and peak anaerobic performance: preliminary results
No full textOxidizing effects of chlorine on normal and favic swimmers [Effetto ossidante del cloro su nuotatori normali e favici]
No full textSwimmers during training in enclosed swimming pools, undergo considerable inhalation of chlorine gas, released from the chlorinated water in the breathing zone. Results reported in the literature suggest that chlorine concentration can increase near to the thresold limited value, when more than 6 swimmers are contemporary present into the water. The inhaled chlorine gas is transformed in the biological fluids into hypochlorous acid that is a strong oxidizing agent of the intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH). The erythrocytes, depleted of GSH are highly vulnerable to oxidant stress induced by oxygen radicals or other oxidizing agents. Normal erythrocytes restore rapidly the steady state GSH level by means of the NADPH produced by the hexosemonophosphate shunt enzymes, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), deficient erythrocytes regenerate GSH at slower rate thus increasing the time of exposure to the oxidizing agents. The G6PD deficiency is thus a clinical syndrome that limits the permanence of swimmers, bearing this defect, in enclosed swimming pools
Can be predicted the maximal heart rate for deep water running training from a cycle ergometry in women with fibromyalgia syndrome?
No full text<b>Aim</b>\ud
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The purpose of this study was to compare a specific graded exercise test using deep water running (DWR) with a cycle ergometry (CE) test on land to develop an equation to estimate maximal heart rate for training in DWR in Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS)\ud
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<b>Methods</b>Cross-sectional study with 21 subjects with FMS. Maximal and submaximal heart rates (HR), blood lactate and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) in the aquatic and land-based graded exercise tests were investigated.\ud
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<b>Results</b>\ud
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The results suggest that both tests were undertaken at maximal intensity. DWR maximal HR was lower (-13%) than in the CE test. For both tests the maximal RPE was greater than 18 and maximum blood lactate was 8 mmol/L, with no significant difference between the CE and DWR test. The lineal regression for estimate maximal heart rate for training in DWR in persons with FMS was: Maximal HR DWR=196.3+(age*-0.560)+(maximal HR CE*-0.357)\ud
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<b>Conclusion</b>\ud
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A graded DWR test can be used as an alternative for the assessment of aerobic fitness and for estimate physical work intensity in aquatic rehabilitation program for subjects with FMS. The use of the DWR test and the equation may avoid overestimation of work intensity in aquatic rehabilitation program for subjects with FMS
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