1,721,095 research outputs found
Autonomic functions of the cerebellum: Anatomical bases and clinical implications.
No full textTraditionally, the cerebellum is viewed as a center for integrating vestibular
and general proprioceptive sensory, enabling the processing of somatic motor responses essential for maintaining balance and posture. Moreover, the cerebellum regulates
higher motor functions of the neocortex, which involve motor planning and coordination of movements, as well as nonmotor functions related to cognition and affectivity. In recent years, several studies have suggested that the cerebellum may play a role
in regulating visceral functions. Although the specific neural pathways through which
these visceral functions are mediated remain unclear, anatomical evidence to support
these functions has been supplied by the detection of a feedback circuit that connects
bidirectionally the cerebellum and the hypothalamus, the primary integrative center of
the autonomic nervous system. This hypothalamocerebellar circuit strongly supports
the idea of the cerebellum as a center of the autonomic nervous system
Neuron populations of the human cerebellar cortex containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. A preliminary report
No full textChick embryo area vasculosa as an in vivo assay for the screening of angiogenic and anti-angiogenic molecules
No full text: The chick embryo area vasculosa is an extraembryonic membrane that is commonly used in vivo to study both angiogenesis and anti-angiogenesis. This review article analyzes the possibility to use the area vasculosa as an in vivo assay for the screening of putative angiogenic and anti-angiogenic molecules in alternative to the chorioallantoic membrane, more useful to study tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis, and the angiogenic activity of acellular scaffolds and organoids
Angiogenesis versus arteriogenesis
No full textIn the vascular system, angiogenesis and arteriogenesis play a unique yet equally important role in both health and disease. Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from a preexisting vascular bed, occurs naturally during wound healing, the female menstrual cycle and pregnancy. It plays a critical role in tissue growth and repair, and is a highly controlled process that is dependent on an intricate balance of both pro-angiogenic (to stimulate) and anti-angiogenic (to negatively regulate the phenomenon) factors. Otherwise, the term arteriogenesis refers to anatomic transformation of preexisting arterioles with increasing lumen area and wall thickness, due to a thick muscular layer and purchasing of visco-elastic and vasomotor capacities. Arteriogenesis differs from angiogenesis in several aspects, the most important being the dependence of angiogenesis on hypoxia and the dependence of arteriogenesis on inflammation. The expression of growth factors and the cooperation of surrounding and infiltrating cells seem to be essential in orchestrating the complex processes during arteriogenesis
Distribution of Multilayered Fiber Terminals in the Human Cerebellar Cortex. Visualization by Immunohistochemistry for Histamine
Full text linkThe distribution of histamine in the human cerebellar cortex was studied by light microscope immunohistochemistry using a
rabbit polyclonal antibody anti-histamine. In all layers of the cerebellar cortex, were revealed punctate immunoreactive elements
related to putative histaminergic nerve terminals. These findings provide insights into the existence of a histaminergic system in the
human cerebellar cortex, presumably involved in the cerebrocerebellar circuit, the feedback circuit through which the cerebellu
Nerve growth factor as an angiogenic factor
No full textNerve growth factor (NGF), a neurotrophin that plays a crucial role in promoting neurotrophic and neurotropic effects in sympathetic neurons, has recently been identified as a novel angiogenic molecule, which exerts a variety of effects in the cardiovascular system and on endothelial cells. In fact, NGF may contribute to maintenance, survival, and function of endothelial cells by autocrine and/or paracrine mechanisms. This review summarizes the involvement of NGF in the regulation of angiogenesis in both normal and pathological conditions
Light microscope immunocytochemistry for two isoforms of GAD (GAD 65 and GAD 67) in the human cerebellar cortex
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