1,721,128 research outputs found
Possible linkage between primary affective disorder susceptibility locus and HLA haplotypes.
No full textThe authors analyzed the concordance of sib pairs of HLA typing in cases where both sibs had affective illness and where the sibs were discordant. They detected an excess of HLA similarities in doubly affected sibs and a lack of similarities in discordant sibs. Therefore, the authors hypothesize that HLA may be linked with a primary affective disorder susceptibility locus or it may be associated with such a locus in some other way
Familial risks and reproductive fitness in schizophrenia
No full textRecently published data from the Roscommon Family Study show that a parental diagnosis of schizotypal disorder (SPD) has a significant and specific impact on the risk for schizophrenia in siblings of index probands with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The distribution patterns of risks for schizophrenia and SPD in parents were of opposite magnitude to those of patients' siblings and children. These patterns can be predicted from the diminished reproductive fitness of patients with schizophrenia if subjects with SPD belong in the schizophrenia spectrum but have no diminished fitness. We briefly review how the few available data about the distribution of risks for schizophrenia and SPD among relatives of probands with SPD and the data for their marital status, as a tentative index of reproductive fitness, may support this interpretation. There is some indirect evidence that, unlike what is usually reported for people with schizophrenia, reproductive fitness may not be diminished in SPD. This might partially account for the opposite patterns of distribution of risks for schizophrenia and SPD in families. Z8 0 ZR 0 ZS
Further studies on the major histocompatibility complex as a genetic marker for schizophrenia.
No full textOur results seem to indicate the existence of a locus in the major histocompatibity complex (MHC) region, correlated to schizophrenic illness and strictly linked to the loci HL-A and MLR. The associations found between these last loci and the disease can probably be explained by a linkage disequilibrium or a selective pressure between the allelles of the three loci. Our results also indicate that the genetic systems investigated may be useful diagnostically as a genetic marker for schizophrenia. But the real meaning of their relationships to the illness has to be further investigated
Efficacy of fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and citalopram in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A single-blind study
No full textObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been successfully treated with proserotonergic agents for some years. Clomipramine was the first drug used, but several clinical trials have been conducted more recently to assess the antiobsessional efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), The aim of this study was to compare the antiobsessional efficacy of three SSRIs, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and citalopram. Thirty obsessive-compulsive patients without comorbid axis I diagnoses except for tic disorder as assessed by DSM-III-R criteria gave informed consent and were recruited consecutively; they underwent a 10-week randomized treatment with fluvoxamine, paroxetine, or citalopram. Ratings were performed under blind conditions every 2 weeks from baseline to the end of the study and by the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, the National Institute of Mental Health-Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, the Clinical Global Impressions Scale, and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the antiobsessional efficacy of the three drugs were completed with analysis of variance with repeated measures and survival analysis. The results showed no significant differences between the three treatments. The preliminary conclusions drawn from this study concern the interchangeable antiobsessional effects of different SSRIs, although further studies of ''cross-response'' to these drugs are needed. ZR 0 ZS 0 Z8 1 ZB 2
No association between obsessive-compulsive disorder and the 5-HT1D beta receptor gene
No full textObjective: Serotonin abnormalities may be involved in the etiopathogenesis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The silent G-to-C substitution at nucleoticle 861 of the coding region of the 5-HT1Dbeta receptor gene may be associated with liability to OCD. The aim of this study was to investigate this association in an Italian OCD study group. Method: Genotyping for 5-HT1Dbeta was performed for 79 nuclear families of probands with OCD. The transmission/disequilibrium test was used to determine transmission of the alleles from parents to offspring. Results: Of the 79 families, 48 were informative for the analysis, i.e., both parents were genotyped for 5-HT1Dbeta, and at least one parent was heterozygous. No preferential transmission of either allele of the 5-HT1Dbeta gene was observed. Conclusions: These data do not support a role for the 5-HT1Dbeta receptor gene in conferring susceptibility to OCD. Z8 0 ZR 0 ZS 2 ZB 2
Interference of sulpiride with the mitogenic activation of lymphocytes cultured in vitro.
No full textThe action of a psychotropic substance, N-ethyl-2(2-methoxy-5--sulfamido-benzamidomethyl)-pyrrolidine (sulpiride, Dobren), on cellular metabolism has been studied by means of the in vitro lymphocyte activation technique. The effect of the continuous presence of the compound in the culture, at a concentration permitting cellular vitality was evaluated. Furthermore the effect of the drug on the culture during the lymphocyte stimulating phase and during the incorporation phase of 3H-thymidine was separately evaluated. The results indicate that the sample population can be divided into two different groups depending on the modality of the response to the drug in vitro taken as activity index (A.I.). Whether our conclusion has any practical significance remains to be elucidated
Effect of adjuvant pindolol on the antiobsessional response to fluvoxamine: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study
No full textOn the basis of recent results indicating that adjuvant pindolol has the positive effect of shortening latency to antidepressant response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, the primary aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of pindolol on latency to antiobsessional response to fluvoxamine. Fifteen non-depressed obsessive-compulsive inpatients (six men and nine women) were consecutively recruited and randomly assigned to an 8-week standardized double-blind treatment with fluvoxamine and pindolol (group A) or fluvoxamine and placebo (group B). Patients were assessed weekly using rating scales for obsessive-compulsive disorder [Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), National Institute of Mental Health Obsessive-Compulsive Scale], co-occurent depressive symptoms (Hamilton Depression Scale) and global function (Clinical Global Improvement), from baseline to the end of the study. In accordance with data from the literature, response to treatment was defined as a reduction in YBOCS total scores of greater than or equal to 35% and a score on the 'global improvement' item of the Clinical Global Improvement of < 3. Data were analysed using analyses of variance with repeated measures performed on YBOCS and Hamilton Depression Scale scores to evaluate the mean quantitive response within and between groups and, additionally, employing a survival analysis to compute the percentage of responders within each group. Neither quantitative nor qualitative analysis revaled any differences between the two treatment groups, and pindolol did not shorten the latency of antiobsessional response to fluvoxamine. The results of this preliminary study indicate that different biological mechanisms underly the antiobsessional and antidepressant responses to fluvoxamine. Int ain Psychopharmacol 13:219-224 (C) 1998 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ZR 0 Z8 1 ZS 1 ZB 1
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