1,721,310 research outputs found
Impedenza bioelettrica e composizione corporea
No full textQuesto testo tratta l’applicazione dell’analisi dell’impedenza bioelettrica (BIA, bioelectrical impedance analysis) allo studio della composizione corporea. La BIA consente una valutazione non invasiva dell’acqua corporea e della sua distribuzione tra gli spazi intra- ed extra-cellulare, di estremo interesse sia per il ricercatore che per il clinico. Per utilizzare correttamente quest’informazione, l’utilizzatore della BIA deve avere ben chiari i fondamenti fisici ed i limiti della metodica. Sfortunatamente, la letteratura fornisce numerosi esempi di “cattivo uso” della BIA, specialmente per quanto attiene alle sue applicazioni cliniche. Chi consulti questa letteratura senza una conoscenza specifica della composizione corporea, può essere tratto in inganno ed “abusare” della BIA. Questo testo, che si basa su un’esperienza decennale degli autori con la metodica, cerca di “fare ordine” sulla BIA, fornendo le basi indispensabili per la sua comprensione ed analizzando criticamente le sue applicazioni
The epidemiology of fatty liver
No full textThere are insufficient data available on the epidemiology of fatty liver to design a complete and correct view of the prevalence, incidence and natural history of this disorder. This article, mainly based on the revision of recently published papers in this field, attempts to give an overview of the current findings on the epidemiology of fatty liver worldwide. The possible factors involved in the development of fat accumulation in the liver, and their potential role in the progression of the disorder will be also addressed. © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
The epidemiology of fatty liver: an update.
No full textWe provide a concise review of the main epidemiological literature on fatty liver (FL) published between January 2011 and October 2013. The findings from the literature will be considered in light of the already available knowledge. We discuss the limitations inherent in the categorization of FL into non-alcoholic and alcoholic FL, the potential relevance of FL as an independent predictor of cardiometabolic disease, and recent research addressing the role of FL as an independent predictor of mortality. This review is organized as a series of answers to relevant questions about the epidemiology of FL
Principi di valuazione dello stato nutrizionale
No full textmetodi di valutazione dello stato nutrizionale nell'uom
Liver and Heart: A New Link?
No full textAlanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a marker of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and predicts incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Recently, ALT was shown to be also associated with endothelial dysfunction and carotid atherosclerosis. We studied the predictive value of ALT for all-cause mortality, incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and coronary heart disease (CHD) events in a population-based cohort of Caucasian men and women aged 50-75 years, at baseline. The 10-year risk of all-cause mortality, fatal and non-fatal CVD and CHD events in relation to ALT was assessed in 1439 subjects participating in the Hoorn Study, using Cox survival analysis. Subjects with prevalent CVD/CHD and missing data were excluded. As compared with the first tertile, the age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for all-cause mortality, CVD events and CHD events were 1.30 (0.92-1.83), 1.40 (1.09-1.81) and 2.04 (1.35-3.10), respectively, for subjects in the upper tertile of ALT. After adjustment for components of the metabolic syndrome and traditional risk factors, the association of ALT and CHD events remained significant for subjects in the third relative to those in the first tertile, with a hazard ratio of 1.88 (1.21-2.92) and 1.75 (1.12-2.73), respectively. In conclusion, the predictive value of ALT for coronary events, seems independent of traditional risk factors and the features of the metabolic syndrome in a population-based cohort. Further studies should confirm these findings and elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms
Body water distribution and disease
No full textThe study of body water distribution between extra- and intra-cellular spaces has the potential to improve our knowledge on the mechanisms of disease. A major challenge is that of establishing whether commonly detected subclinical alterations of body water distribution have prognostic or clinical implications
Evaluation of body composition in athletes
No full textAbstract Some applications of indirect calorimetry to sportsmedicine are discussed and exemplified by case reports. Inparticular, it is suggested that oxigen consumption can beemployed to assess the effects of physical activity on fatfreetissues and that the respiratory quotient may offer someinsights into the food habits of athletes
RELATIVE EXPANSION OF EXTRACELLULAR WATER IN ELITE MALE-ATHLETES COMPARED TO RECREATIONAL SPORTSMEN
No full textThis study reports total body hydration and water distribution between the extracellular water (ECW) and the intracellular water (ICW) of a group of 15 elite male athletes compared with a group of 15 male subjects practising the same sport at 'amateur' level. Total body water (TBW) and ECW were assessed by means of deuterium and bromide dilution techniques respectively. Both TBW and body hydration were significantly higher in elite athletes than in non-competitive subjects (52.3 +/- 5.0 vs 46.1 +/- 4.2 litres p<0.001 and 63.2 +/- 1.9 vs 60.2 +/- 1.9% body weight, p<0.003 respectively). Likewise, both ECW the ratio of ECW to TBW were significantly higher in athletes than in control subjects (20.7 +/- 2.9 vs 16.1 +/- 1.8 litres, p<0.0001 and 0.40 +/- 0.06 vs 0.35 +/- 0.03, p<0.005 respectively). ICW was similar in both groups but the ICW to ECW ratio was significantly higher in the athletes compared to the recreational sportsmen (0.67 +/- 0.16 vs 0.54 +/- 0.07, p<0.01). These data suggest that assumptions regarding the chemical composition of the standard human body may not be valid in elite athletes
Manuale di valutazione antropomentrica dello stato nutrizionale
No full textantropometrica, BMI, circonferenze, plich
Body water distribution and disease
No full textThe study of body water distribution between extra- and intra-cellular spaces has the potential to improve our knowledge on the mechanisms of disease. A major challenge is that of establishing whether commonly detected subclinical alterations of body water distribution have prognostic or clinical implications
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