1,721,224 research outputs found
Note su Apium graveolens e sull’identita`tassonomica del selinon di Selinunte
No full textNonostante il selinon delle emissioni di Selinunte sia tra i typoi piu`noti della monetazione greca, ad oggi manca uno studio interamente dedicato all’argomen- to. E`sembrato quindi opportuno riprendere l’analisi delle rappresentazioni mo- netali, anche sulla scorta di quanto gia`osservato nella bibliografia di riferimento, nel tentativo di isolare i principali caratteri botanici della foglia cercando riscon- tro nelle varieta`del selinon illustrate dalle fonti. Si lascera`, invece, allo studio botanico, che costituisce un complemento indispensabile di questo lavoro, l’oppor- tunita`di offrire indicazioni per eventuali corrispondenze con le specie del genere Apium della tassonomia linneana, approfondendo piuttosto le motivazioni che abbiano potuto condurre Selinunte ad autorappresentarsi sul medium monetale per mezzo dell’immagine di una foglia e a relegarla, successivamente, a simbolo accessorio (LS).
Il dibattito botanico sull’identita`tassonomica della specie rappresentata sulle mo- nete di Selinunte non si e`mai concluso e ha preso in considerazione diverse entita` appartenenti alla famiglia delle Apiaceae. Attraverso un’analisi delle caratteristi- che morfologiche ed ecologiche di specie affini presenti in Sicilia si `e giunti alla conclusione che la foglia rappresentata sulle monete appartenga al sedano selva- tico (Apium graveolens L.) specie oggi rara in natura (GB)
A phytosociological analysis of the Olea europaea L. var. sylvestris (Mill.) Lehr. forests in Sicily
No full textThis paper presents a phytosociological study on the forest vegetation of Olea europaea var. sylvestris of Sicily and of the smaller minor islands. In Sicily, Oleaster formations show considerable climacic potentiality in the bioclimactic belts between the infra- and the thermomediterranean with single edapho-climacic penetrations that are also in the mesomediterranean; however, these were largely destroyed by man in order to make room for crops. Furthermore, the residual expressions of the Oleaster forests are limited, and often exist as regenerated woodland made possible by the abandonment of agricultural land; they are often small forest nuclei–high maquis, woods and micro-woods–with a more or less discontinuous distribution within the agricultural landscape. The fieldwork is supported by 120 phytosociological surveys carried out in various areas of Sicily, which were statistically analyzed and compared with other published data from surveys of other communities that have been described for the Tyrrhenian (Sardinia and Corsica) and Balearic Islands up until now. The phytosociological and statistical analysis has led to the description of three new associations two of which are classified in the Oleo-Ceratonion alliance (Ruto chalepensis-Oleetum sylvestris and Chamaeropo humilis-Oleetum sylvestris), the third in the Erico-Quercion ilicis alliance (Calicotomo infestae-Oleetum sylvestris)
The Olea europaea L. var. sylvestris (Mill.) Lehr. forests in the Mediterranean area
Full text linkThis paper examines the forest communities dominated by Olea europaea L. var. sylvestris (Mill.) Lehr. that have been described up until now in the Mediterranean Region (including other isolated extrazonal areas in the northwestern Iberian Peninsula and in Northern Turkey) as more or less evolved aspects of woods, microwoods and high maquis that principally tend to make up climacic and edapho-climacic “series heads”. These forma- tions maintain a significant large-scale distributive potential within the infra- and thermomediterranean bioclimate belts (with a few penetrations into the mesomediterranean) with a dry-subhumid (and sometimes humid) ombrotype; however, they are currently quite rare and fragmented in the wake of large-scale deforestation and the impoverishment of old-growth communities dominated by a species known to live for millennia. The study was conducted through the analysis of phytosociological data taken from the scientific literature and other unpublished data regarding North-Africa (Morocco, Algeria), the Iberian Peninsula, the Balearic Islands as well as other islands from the Tyrrhenian area (Sardinia, Corsica, Sicily and its minor islands), the Italian Peninsula, the Balkan Peninsula, the Aegean region, Turkey and the southern Anatolian coast. A comparison between the different communities has shown a high floristic and physiognomic-structural homogeneity that justifies their categorization in the Quercetea ilicis class. The biogeographic and ecologic vicariance shown by the same formations within the large Mediterranean distribution range makes it pos- sible to subdivide them into the following orders and alliances: 1) Pistacio-Rhamnetalia alaterni [A) all. Tetraclini articulatae-Pistacion atlanticae (suball. Pistacienion atlanticae); B) all. Asparago albi-Rhamnion oleoidis; C) all. Oleo sylvestris-Ceratonion siliquae]; 2) Quercetalia calliprini [D) all. Ceratonio-Pistacion lentisci]; 3) Quercetalia ilicis [E) all. Querco rotundifoliae-Oleion sylvestris; F) all. Fraxino orni-Quercion ilicis; G) all. Erico arboreae-Quercion ilicis; H) all. Arbuto unedonis-Laurion nobilis (suball. Arbuto-Laurenion nobilis)]. Regarding the syntaxonomical aspect: (i) two new associations are described [Hippocrepido emeroidis-Oleetum sylvestris and Junipero foetidissimae-Oleetum sylvestris]; (ii) two new associations [Phillyreo latifoliae-Oleetum sylvestris Barbero, Quézel & Rivas-Martínez ex Gianguzzi & Bazan ass. nova and Calicotomo intermediae-Oleetum sylvestris Quézel, Barbero, Benabid, Loisel & Rivas-Martínez 1988 ex Gianguzzi & Bazan ass. nova] and a new subassocia- tion [Aro neglecti-Oleetum sylvestris Rivas-Martínez & Cantò 2002 corr. Rivas-Martínez & Cantò fraxinetosum angustifoliae Pérez Latorre, Galán de Mera, Deil & Cabezudo ex Gianguzzi & Bazan subass. nova] are leptotypified; (iii) a nomen novum of the association is redefined [Rhamno laderoi-Oleastretum sylvestris (Cantò, Ladero, Perez-Chiscano & Rivas-Martínez 2011) Gianguzzi & Bazan nom. nov.]
Notes on syntaxonomy, chorology and dynamics of Olea europaea L. var. sylvestris (Mill.) Lehr. forests in the Mediterranean landscape
Full text linkPlant Diversity and Sustainable Landscape Management: The Case of Misiliscemi, a New Municipality in Sicily
Full text linkFloristic and biodiversity knowledge play a crucial role in ecosystem conservation and sustainable land management, particularly in urban-rural contexts that can serve as biodiversity reservoirs, hosting species of high biogeographic value. Focusing on the new municipality of Misiliscemi, established in 2021 in Sicily and now facing the challenge of developing new management strategies, this study provides fundamental knowledge on the plant biodiversity of the area and explores how the integration of floristic and environmental data can guide territorial planning strategies aimed at preserving natural capital and ecosystem services. The research, based on field surveys conducted over many years, taxonomic identification of species, analysis of biological forms and chorological data, evaluation of ecological indicators, and GIS-based habitat mapping according to the EUNIS classification, has made it possible to obtain a comprehensive dataset. The results of this work led to the identification of 623 taxa, recording new findings for the Sicilian flora, including both native and alien species, which represent primary biodiversity data crucial for plant resource management. In addition, 42 habitat types were mapped, highlighting that approximately 80% of the territory is occupied by vegetated man-made habitats. Despite anthropogenic pressures and landscape modifications, Misiliscemi retains significant plant biodiversity, including habitats and species of conservation interest, that represent a vital resource for natural capital and ecosystem services. This knowledge base, in addition to constituting the scientific foundation upon which this young municipality can develop an urban planning strategy aimed at achieving sustainable local development, also represents a methodological approach that highlights how basic knowledge of urban biodiversity should be considered a crucial aspect of sustainable urban planning worldwide
A GIS-based approach to define an updated bioclimatic map of Europe for landscape classification and planning
No full textHistorical Ecology, Archaeology and Biocultural Landscapes: Cross-Disciplinary Approaches to the Long Anthropocene
Full text linkFrom the local to the global scale, human impact is the real protagonist of the Anthro- pocene. It is impossible to understand ecosystems and the landscape without considering the long-term processes of anthropic activities. The driving forces in landscape change are strongly related to historical dynamics. Changes in political regimes, social structures, eco- nomic modes of production, cultural and religious influences—which all traditionally fall within the domain of the humanities—are phenomena entangled with many ecological and environmental factors. Thus, understanding landscapes in the Anthropocene is impossible without a cross-disciplinary approach
Downy oak woods of Italy: phytogeographical remarks on a controversial taxonomic and ecological issue
Full text linkThe importance of downy oak as an integral component of the "submediterranean" woods has been underscored in many studies. Nevertheless, terms like "submediterranean" and "downy oak" are some of the most faintly understood concepts in the European phytogeographical and taxonomical research. Downy oak is well known to be a problematic taxon: the name "Quercus pubescens" (= Q. humilis) piles together populations characterized by an increasing phenotypic and genomic polymorphism along north-south gradients, which is commonly explained as the result of a "founder effect" given by a relatively fast post-glacial re-colonization of the northern stands through rare long-distance dispersal events.
On the other hand, the southern polymorphism of the downy oak provides evidence for geographic/environmental selection driven by different edaphic conditions along clinal gradients of cold and drought stress, even if the distinction of different species is blurred by systematic hybridization and introgression, enhanced by the recent deforestation.
Since downy oak occurs widely all through the Italian Peninsula, we tried to detect some ecological and geographical borders which might be useful to identify climate-vegetation feedback mechanisms as well as to sharpen the syntaxonomical and systematic investigation on such a critical species complex. Our work is based on a well-distributed geo-referenced set of vegetation data, combined with layers of environmental variables (elevation, climate, soil chemistry). The statistical significance of the correlation between vegetation and environmental data has been evaluated through the Mantel's test.
Our results suggest that there are some borders in the distribution/prevalence of morphologic traits of "Q. pubescens" (regarded here as a species complex). These borders are not limited by sharp ecological or geographical gaps but instead reflect patterns of selection and phenotypic variability in key traits of the geographical range
The Sicilian taxa of Genista sect. Voglera and their phytosociological framework
No full textThe phytosociological role of taxa of Genista sect. Voglera in the vegetation context of Sicily is here examined. It was carried out on plant communities characterised by the Sicilian endemics G. aristata, G. madoniensis and G. cupanii. These taxa and their floristic settlement have been examined from the biogeographical point of view. Basing on our results, the popu- lations of G. madoniensis are to be referred to a new association named Cisto salvifolii- Genistetum madoniensis, ascribed to the class Cisto-Lavanduletea. Multivariate analysis shows a clear ecological differentiation of G. madoniensis with respect to the other Sicilian species. Instead, its habitus and ecology are closer to some spiny Genista of the Iberian Peninsula
The ‘recent’ forests of Mount Venda (Padua, Italy): when historical cartography and archaeobotany tell quite a different story
No full textForests, like agricultural systems and housing, are an integral part of the human landscapes. They evolve over time, not only in response to environmental factors (e.g. climate change) but also in response to developments in human society. This work on the analysis of forest dynamics in Euganean hills is the result of research carried out as part of the research programmes THISTLE (MSCA Fellowship, grant agreement: 656397) and MEMOLA (EU FP7 Project , grant agreement: 613265). The work is focused on two mountains in particular: Monte Venda and Monte della Madonna. The archaeobotanical investigations reveal the presence of ancient forests (since the 14th century) in these areas , although the entire local community and the forest managers consider these forests to be more recent and the result of spontaneous reforestation linked to the agricultural decline during the latest rural exodus
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