1,720,988 research outputs found
Teaching NeuroImages: A case of hearing loss in a paraneoplastic syndrome associated with anti-Hu antibody
No full textParoxysmal ataxia and dysarthria in multiple sclerosis
No full textParoxysmal ataxia and dysarthria are part of the spectrum of transient neurological disturbances that can be frequently encountered in multiple sclerosis (MS). Prompt recognition of these symptoms is important because they can be the only manifestation of a MS relapse and symptomatic therapy is often beneficial. We report a patient who developed paroxysmal ataxia and dysarthria, documented by video imaging, while he was recovering from a MS relapse. Treatment with carbamazepine resulted in the complete reversal of the paroxysmal ataxia and dysarthria
CD4(+)T-bet(+), CD4(+)pSTAT3(+) and CD8(+)T-bet(+) T cells accumulate in peripheral blood during NZB treatment
No full textCirculating T cells and monocytes expressing T-bet, pSTAT1 and pSTAT3 increase in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) during relapse. Natalizumab (NZB) is an effective drug in RRMS, but exacerbation of the disease after its discontinuation has been described in some patients. The aim of this research was to study the effect of NZB treatment on circulating lymphomonocyte subpopulations expressing T-bet, pSTAT1, pSTAT3 and CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the percentages of circulating CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, CD14(+) monocytes and B cells expressing T-bet, pSTAT1, and pSTAT3, and CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells from RRMS patients before and after 6-12 NZB infusions. In NZB-treated RRMS patients, the percentages of CD4(+)pSTAT1(+) and CD8(+)pSTAT1(+) T cells, CD14(+)pSTAT1(+) monocytes, CD4(+)T-bet(+), CD8(+)T-bet(+) and CD4(+)pSTAT3(+) T cells and CD14(+)pSTAT3(+) monocytes increased after 12 drug infusions and were similar to those observed in untreated relapsing RRMS patients. Otherwise in vitro NZB exposure of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from untreated RRMS patients and controls had no effect. It was concluded that NZB treatment determines an accumulation of CD4(+)pSTAT1(+), CD8(+)pSTAT1(+), CD4(+)T-bet(+), CD8(+)T-bet(+) and CD4(+)STAT3(+) T cells in peripheral blood that may account for the exacerbation of the disease observed in some patients after the discontinuation of the drug
Circulating CD8(+)CD56(-)perforin(+) T cells are increased in multiple sclerosis patients
No full textRelapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), secondary progressive (SP)MS and primary progressive (PP)MS patients showed higher percentages of circulating CD8 +CD56 -perforin + T cells than controls whereas only relapsing RRMS and PPMS patients showed higher perforin expression in CD8 +CD56 - T cells than controls. MS patients with EDSS ≥3 showed higher percentage of CD8 +CD56 -perforin + T cells than patients with EDSS <3 and controls whereas patients with EDSS <3 showed higher percentage of this T cell subpopulation than controls. Our data show that MS is characterized by a dysregulation of CD8 +CD56 -perforin + T cells that may play a role in the development of disability. © 2011 Elsevier B.V
La rigenerazione di un nervo periferico attraverso una camera impermeabile: aspetti sperimentali
No full text
Distinctive clinical and neuroimaging characteristics of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis associated with aquaporin-4 autoantibodies
Full text linkLongitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) is a characteristic feature of Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO), but it can also occur in several other inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). An IgG autoantibody that binds to aquaporin-4 (AQP4), the predominant water channel of the CNS, is a reliable biomarker of the NMO spectrum disorders, and if detected predicts the recurrence of the myelitis. In this study, we compared the clinical and neuroimaging characteristics of AQP4-IgG+ and AQP4-IgG− LETM patients. Thirty-seven first-ever LETM patients were retrospectively evaluated and divided into two groups according to the presence of AQP4 autoantibodies. AQP4-IgG was detected in the serum and in the cerebrospinal fluid of sixteen patients. The female to male ratio was higher in AQP4-IgG+ patients. Intractable nausea and vomiting and paroxysmal tonic spasms often accompanied the LETM in AQP4-IgG+ patients. T2-weighted spinal cord MRI revealed that inflammatory lesions extending into the brainstem and involving the central grey matter occurred more frequently in AQP4-IgG+ LETM patients. Hypointense lesions on T1-weighted spinal cord MRI were detected more frequently in the seropositive group, and their presence correlated with attack severity. In conclusion, this study provides clinical and spinal cord neuroimaging clues that can help distinguishing AQP4-IgG+ LETM patients
Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy during Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection
No full textA novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus was recently identified in Mexico. Some cases of infection with neurological complications have been reported to date. We report a case of acute necrotizing encephalopathy associated with the novel H1N1 virus in a 2-year-old European girl who suddenly developed fever, seizures, and altered mental status. Brain and spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral symmetrical lesions of the insulae, thalami, geniculate bodies, and pons tegmentum suggestive of an acute necrotizing encephalopathy. An involvement of meninges and spinal cord was observed configuring an acute necrotizing meningoencephalomyelitis. ANN NEUROL 2010;68:111-11
CD8(+)Foxp3(+) T cells in peripheral blood of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients
No full textA defect of CD4(+) regulatory T cells (Treg) seems to be involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Besides Treg, CD8(+) T cells also can suppress the immune response. Forkhead box p3 (Foxp3) is known to program the acquisition of suppressive capacities in CD4(+) T cells and recent studies showed that in vitro antigen activation leads to Foxp3 expression in CD8(+) T cells, gaining of suppressive activity. By flow cytometry we found a lower percentage of circulating CD8(+)Foxp3(+) T cells in relapsing than in remitting patients with MS and in controls. No significant differences were observed in CD8(+)Foxp3(+) T cell percentage between healthy subjects and patients in remission. Our data suggest that peripheral CD8(+)Foxp3(+) T cells may play a role in the maintenance of tolerance in MS. (C) 2010 American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
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