73,697 research outputs found
Bootstrapping and Bartlett corrections in the cointegrated VAR model
No full textThe small sample properties of tests on long-run coefficients in cointegrated systems are still a matter of concern to applied econometricians. We compare the performance of the Bartlett correction, the bootstrap and the fast double bootstrap for tests on cointegration parameters in the maximum likelihood framework. We show by means of a theorical result and simulations that all three procedures should be based on the unrestricted estimate of the cointegration vectors. The fast double bootstrap delivers superior size correction, whereas the Bartlett correction leads to the least loss of power. However all three perform much better than the asymptotic tests and difference between them are small.
Melaniphax suffusculus Bartlett 2019, sp. nov.
No full textMelaniphax suffusculus sp. nov. (Figs 1–3) Type locality. Costa Rica, Heredia Provice nr Puerto Viejo, La Selva Biological Station. Diagnosis. Body brown with infuscated wings, carinae concolorous with body. Head in lateral view smoothly rounded vertex + frons. Body in lateral view with hunch-backed appearance. Male terminalia without teeth or processes on the ventral margin of opening in caudal view. Gonostyli simple, forceps-like, bearing a tooth on caudal margin just below midline. Aedeagus short, compressed, very stout bearing asymmetrical lateral serrate projections. Anal tube with short, stout caudally directed projections on caudoventral margin and slender, elongate projections on anterocaudal margins. Description. Color. General color brown (Figs 1A, B), carinae concolorous; genae and antennae slightly paler, pronotum (including paranota) and mesonotum dark brown, slightly paler at anterior margin of pronotum and scutellum; legs and venter paler, wings uniformly infuscate; eyes dark, ocelli with reddish cast. Structure. Length male with wings 2.31 mm (n=3); without wings 1.3–1.4 mm (n=3); female with wings 2.4 mm (2.3–2.6 mm, n=3); without wings 1.6 mm (1.3–1.7 mm, n=3) (wings 1.96 mm (1.9–2.2 mm, n=6). Body in lateral view with slightly hunched appearance (Fig. 1A). Head. Head (dorsal view, including eyes) distinctly narrower than pronotum (Fig. 1B); in lateral view (Fig. 1A), slightly projected, uniformly arched from posterior margin of head to frontoclypeal margin. Vertex with carinae distinct (median carina weaker), nearly square (slightly wider than long, l:w ratio 0.72: 1, length x= 0.12 mm, width x= 0.17 mm; posterior margin truncate. Frons (Fig. 2A) with lateral margins weakly convex, widest near lower margin of eyes (x= 0.19 mm), weakly narrowed dorsally (x= 0.16 mm) and ventrally (x= 0.15 mm), length x= 0.38 mm; l:w ratio 2.05: 1; median carina forking above fastigium. Clypeus triangular, x= 0.15 mm, with median carina. Antennal scape about as long as wide (length x= 0.12 mm), pedicel 1.7x longer than scape (x= 0.18 mm) bearing rows of rhinaria; flagellum fine, bristlelike, longer than pedicle. Thorax. Pronotum subequal in length to vertex (length at midline x= 0.11 mm); lateral carinae diverging, not reaching posterior margin; posterior margin shallowly V-shaped. Mesonotum at midline about 4x length of pronotum (x= 0.46 mm); junction of scutum and scutellum demarcated by faint inflection; lateral margins of mesonotum slightly elevated near midlength, scutellum slightly depressed. Wings macropterous (Figs 1A, B), exceeding abdomen (forewing x=1.96, 1.88–2.19 mm); forewing venation with ScP+R fork at approximately same level as fork of CuA, fusion of anal veins (i.e., Pcu and A1) much proximad of forks of RP and CuA; Sc and RA unbranched, RP 1–2 branched (varies), M unbranched, CuA 3 branched. Metatibial spur shorter than basitarsus (Fig. 1C, 0.21 vs 0.29 mm), weakly tectiform, bearing 10–12 distinct black-tipped teeth on trailing edge. Male terminalia. Pygofer in lateral view (Fig. 2D) roughly triangular, narrowed both dorsally and ventrally from region near ventral margin of pygofer opening; anterior margin truncate, caudal margin without teeth or processes. In caudal view (Fig. 2C), pygofer opening with sinuate, bluntly carinate margins; diaphragm well developed; opening for gonostyli small, compressed-oval in shape with pinched lateral margins; armature projection large, dorsocaudally directed, foliate, consisting of pair of semicircles, connate medially producing median notch for aedeagus. Aedeagus peculiar (Figs 2B, 3B, 3C)—short and very broad, laterally compressed, widest before midlength (in lateral view), tapering anteriorly to rounded apex (gonopore ventral, subapical); bearing large asymmetrical serrate flanges on left and right sides—left flange arising ventrally just past midlength, tapering distally to 4–5 strong serrations, right flange semicircular, arising diagonally bearing 7–8 serrations (becoming smaller proximally). Aedeagus tapering proximately to junction with suspensorium. Suspensorium elongate, strap-like, joined with aedeagus near base. Anal tube subquadrate in lateral view latero-caudal margins with short, strong, stout caudally directed projections (posterior margin deeply concave in dorsal view), posteriorly truncate, rugose with rounded ventral inflection; ventro-caudal margin inflected to create a rounded concavity between stout dorsal process and ventral margin; a pair of thin elongate processes arising from antero-ventral margin, projecting ventro-caudally on either side of aedeagus. Anal column short and bluntly conical, just exceeding top of anal tube. Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin word “ suffusculus ” meaning somewhat brown or fuscous. Remarks. The shape of the aedeagus and anal tube of this species are unusual and distinctive. Having only a single species to attribute to the genus makes it difficult to ascertain whether particular attributes should be ascribed to the genus or just to the species. In this case, I would anticipate that the very broad aedeagus bearing lateral flanges may be particular to this species, but having a broad, flattened and straight aedeagus are probably genus-level features. Similarly, the general form of the anal tube is likely a genus-level feature, but the specifics of the caudal margin and thin, elongate processes are species level considerations. Material examined. HOLOTYPE: “ COSTA RICA, Heredia / nr Puerto Viejo, La SelvaBiol. / Sta. 179ft N10 25’ W84 00, /at Station 23.ii.04–23.iii.04 [sic. should read 2.iii] / CRBartlett, JCryanJUrban // HOLOTYPE / Melaniphax / suffusculus / Det: C. R. Bartlett” (INBio, male). Paratypes: COSTA RICA: Heredia: near Puerto Viejo, La Selva Biological Station, 10.41667°N 84°W, 55 m, 23 Feb–02 Mar 2004, C. R Bartlett, J. Cryan and J. Urban (1m, 2f); 24 Feb 2004, C. R Bartlett, J. Cryan and J. Urban (3m, 1f, 1 broken); 25–26 Feb 2004, C. R. Bartlett (3m, 1f, 1 broken) (representatives donated USNM, INBio).Published as part of Bartlett, Charles R., 2019, A New Genus and Species of Delphacidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae) from Costa Rica, pp. 361-368 in Zootaxa 4657 (2) on pages 363-366, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4657.2.8, http://zenodo.org/record/377235
A new species of planthopper in the genus Agoo Bahder & Bartlett (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Derbidae) from coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.) in Jamaica
No full textA new species of the genus Agoo Bahder & Bartlett, Agoo beani sp. n. was found associated with coconut (Cocos nucifera L., Arecaceae) in Jamaica. This species was discovered as part of a survey of the Caribbean basin to document planthopper diversity on palms. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 18S sequence data strongly support placement of the new species in Agoo. The morphological features of Omolicna cocoana Rodriguez-Leon & Hidalgo-Gato from Cuba are reviewed and this species transferred into the genus Agoo
A review of New World Malaxa (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae)
No full textBartlett, Charles R., Kennedy, Ashley C. (2018): A review of New World Malaxa (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae). Zootaxa 4441 (3): 511-528, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4441.3.
Visualising dementia activism: using the arts to communicate research findings
No full textThis article contributes to methodological debates regarding the role of art in communicating research findings in the context of a completed qualitative research project on dementia activism. Previous work has focused on the value and effectiveness of using art to communicate research, rather than the actual transformation process. As a result, there has been an inadequate exploration of how the art affects the scholarly endeavour. In this article, I report on a completed project involving a social scientist, curator, and installation artist, and research participants working in partnership to communicate research using art, specifically textile banners and documentary film, for an exhibition based on original research on dementia activism. I contend that art is a powerful tool for communicating research knowledge but it can overshadow the scholarly endeavour. Researchers need to be aware of the power and limitations of artwork for research communication
Ampliphax grandis Bartlett & Kunz, 2015, new species
No full textAmpliphax grandis new species (Figures 1–4) Type locality. Costa Rica, Puntarenas Province, Estacion Pittier, near Cerro Gemelo, 1670m Diagnosis. A large, orange-stramineous species with a projected head, keeled lateral carinae of the vertex and terete antennae. Calcar large, foliaceous, with greater than 25 small, black-tipped teeth on the trailing margin. Male genitalia with simple parameres, a simple decurved aedeagus, and very large curved pair of appendages on the genital diaphragm. Description. Color. Uniformly orange-stramineous to orange-tan (some specimens weakly washed anteriorly with grey), paler in median regions of vertex, pro- and mesonotum. Macropterous wings clear to weakly infuscate. Structure. Macropter. Body length, male, without wings x = 3.11 mm (range 3.03–3.20, n= 3), with wings x = 5.19 mm (range 5.14–5.27, n= 4), forewings 4.12 mm (range 4.02–4.21, n= 3); female (without wings) x = 3.80 (range 3.61–4.12, n= 4), with wings 5.78 (range 5.67–5.85, n= 4). Head. Head narrower than pronotum. Vertex longer than wide (l: w 1.69: 1, n= 5). Head narrower than pronotum, in lateral view distinctly anteriorly projecting, appearing slightly upcurved. Carinae of head and thorax conspicuous, except Y-shaped and submedian carinae of vertex obsolete; lateral margins of vertex strongly carinate, meeting at fastigium. Frons rather parallel-sided about 3 × longer than wide (w:l 0.27: 1), widest near ventral margin of eyes, narrowed between eyes; carinae sharp, median carina of frons narrowly forked near fastigium. Antennal segment I about twice as long as wide, antennal segment II about 2 × longer than I (ratio I:II 0.45: 1) Thorax. Prothorax about 1 / 3 length of mesothorax (length ratio 0.37: 1); carinae evident, lateral carinae diverging, not reaching posterior margin. Mesonotum with carinae evident, reaching posterior margin, lateral carinae slightly diverging posteriorly. Forewing venation varying in details among individuals. Forewing with nodal line in distal third; Sc+R arising from leading margin of basal cell, forked into Sc+RA and RP near midlength of clavus, Sc forked from RA at nodal line, RA unbranched; RP unbranched or forked following nodal line; MP forked from SC+R+M (+CuA according to Nel et al., 2012, Bourgoin et al. 2015) at basal cell, abruptly angled at nodal line and subsequently to MP 1 + 2 and MP 3 + 4 at (or after) nodal line, some specimens with MP 3 + 4 subsequently branched; CuA arising from trailing margin of basal cell, forked into CuA 1 and CuA 2 distad of Sc+RA and RP fork; with CuA 1 branch often subsequently forked. Calcar large, flattened and foliaceous, narrowed distally, bearing continuous row of more than 28–35 black-tipped teeth on posterior lateral margin, subequal or exceeding length of metabasitarsus. Metabasitarsus slightly more than half length of tarsus (0.55: 1, n= 5). Abdomen. Pygofer in lateral view quadrate, taller than wide in lateral view; anterior margin truncate, caudal margin sinuate; ventrocaudal margin with elongate, scooplike projection. In caudal view, pygofer opening keeled, taller than wide; ventral margin of opening with prominent projection, ventrolateral margins strongly keeled. Diaphragm deeply emarginate medially, armature consisting of a pair of very large caudally declined scalpriform appendages arising from thickened base; avicephaliform in lateral view, U-shaped in caudal view. Parameres narrow, flattened, parallel-sided, basal angles obscure; diverging in basal two-thirds, angled dorsal in apical third, apex abruptly angled lateral; apex truncate; in lateral view somewhat dorsocaudally directed. Aedeagus simple, decurved, parallel-sided and weakly flattened, bearing small subapical lateral flanges of few teeth. Abdominal segment X quadrate, bearing short, thick sharply-pointed processes on dorsocaudal angles; widely separated at base in caudal view; segment XI subequal to height of segment X. Remarks. Given its relatively large size and distinctive features, relatively few specimens of Ampliphax grandis have been found. Of the 32 specimens of this species recorded here, the sex ratio was highly biased toward females, with 26 females and 6 males. The few specimens with reported collection methods came from lights, although some specimens collected by F. S. Blanton had debris on them suggesting they were obtained from Malaise traps. No host plants have been recorded. A general zoogeographic pattern found in Costa Rica has been that different, but closely related, species are found among the Pacific tropical dry forest (lowland) region, the higher elevations (especially the Talamanca Mountains), and the Atlantic lowlands. We considered this pattern, but available evidence suggests a single species. However, the available evidence is limited because all the specimens from Guanacaste and Alajuela provinces, Costa Rica (in the northwest), were female, as were available specimens from Panama. The genitalia of the 6 males (from Limon, Puntarenas, and Heredia provinces, Costa Rica) were similar. The most notable differences were that the holotype (from Puntarenas, 1670 m), had a more pointed aedeagus and longer processes on segment X than the specimen illustrated (Heredia, ~ 60 m). Also, DNA barcodes show that the holotype has less than 1 % difference from a specimen from Limon (10 m elevation). A single female specimen from the Dominican Republic was excluded from the paratype series because of its disjunct range. A specimen from Laguna Medio Queso, Costa Rica was excluded because it was in poor condition. The holotype has been DNA barcoded with the full 658 bp sequence available on BOLD (process id ASIHE 1471 – 12, BIN URI ABZ 9263). Reported hosts. None. Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama (Fig. 4); also tentatively from Dominican Republic. Etymology. The specific epithet is from the Latin word grandis (large, great, magnificent), and has a common termination in masculine and feminine form. Type material examined. HOLOTYPE (male, INBio). COSTA RICA. Puntarenas, Est. / Pittier, 4.2 Km SO. del Cerro / Gemelo 1670m, 8–20 JUL 1997. / M. M. Moreaga. Red de Golpe / L_S_ 330900 _ 577400 # 47390 // [inverted barcode label] COSTA RICA / INBio / CRI 002 / 567442 // DNA Barcoding / E. Ulate / CCDB – 11593 D 10 // HOLOTYPE / Ampliphax / grandis / Bartlett & Kunz [red paper].” PARATYPES. COSTA RICA: Guanacaste: Rio Pedregal, Murcielago, A.C.G., P.N. Santa Rosa, 100 m, Nov 1993, F. Munoz, L N [Lambert north] 320300 347200 # 2506 (4 f INBio); Rincón del Vieja, National Park Rincón de la Vieja, N 10 ° 45´15 ´´; W 85 ° 21´00´´, 635m, 10 June 2008, G. Kunz (1 f, photographs, Fig. 1); Heredia: La Selva, 50 m, 0 1 Sep 1998, C. W. & L. B. O'Brien, at light (1 f, LBOB). near Puerto Viejo, La Selva Biological Station, 10.41667 ° N 84 ° W, 55 m, 17 Aug 2003, C.R Bartlett, J. Cryan and J. Urban (1 f, UDCC); same, 23 Feb 2004 – 02 Mar 2004 (1 f, UDCC); same, 25–26 Feb 2004, C. R. Bartlett (1 f, UDCC); same, 29 Feb 2004, C. R. Bartlett, mercury vapor light, Voucher NCSM tissue collection 09– 11–20 – 35 (1m, UDCC, 1 f, NCSM, in alcohol); Limon: Est[acion] Cuatro Esquinas, P. N. Tortuguero, Jun 1990, E. Quesada, L N 280000, 590500 (1 f, INBio); Sector Cedrales de la Rita, 3 km N del Puente Rio Suerte, Ruta Puerto Lindo, 10 m, Jan 1997, E. Rojas, L N 278600, 566500 (2 f, INBio, CRI 002545535 DNA barcoded); same, Feb 1997 (1 f, 2m INBio); same, Apr 1997 (3 f, 1m INBio); Puntarenas: Estacion Pittier, 4.2 Km SW del Cerro Gemelo, 1670 m, 08– 20 Jul 1997, M. M. Moreaga, Red de Golpe, L S [Lambert south] 330900, 577400 (1m, INBio); Estacion Quebrada Bonita, Res. Biol. Carara, 50 m, May 1990, R. Zuniga, [L S?] 194500, 469850 (1 f, INBio); Quepos, P.N. Manuel Antonio, 80 m, Feb 1991, R. Zuniga, L S 370900, 448800 (1 f, INBio, CRI 000312790 barcoded). PANAMA: Chiriqui: David, Oct 1959, N. L. H. Krauss (1 f, USNM); Cocle: El Retiro, 10 Nov 1952, F. S. Blanton (1 f, USNM); Pt. [Port of] Aguadulce, 21 Nov 1952, F. S. Blanton (1 f, USNM); Panama: Tocumen, 20 Dec 1951, F. S. Blanton (3 f, USNM). Other material examined. COSTA RICA: Alajuela: Laguna Medio Queso, 0–100 m, 0 1 Sep 2005, Y. Cardenas, J. Azofeifa, M. Moraga, Red Noyes, L N [Lambert north] 334350, 461100, # 84534 (1 f, INBio). DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: San Cristóbal Province, San Cristóbal, July 1969, J. Maldonado C. (1 f, USNM) (excluded from paratypes). Molecular data. Three specimens of this species from Costa Rica (viz. CRI 000312790, CRI 002567442, CRI 002545535) have been DNA barcoded by INBio (a 648 base-pair region in the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene) with data reported in the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD, www.boldsystems.org; Ratnasingham & Hebert 2007, 2013) as part of the Delphacidae Costa Rica INBio Collection (DELCR) project. The sequences differ from each other with a p-distance of less than 1 %. The nearest neighbor in BOLD is Bostaera balli with a pdistance statistic given at 13.96 %, indicating that no taxon closely related to Ampliphax has been barcoded. Pareuidella and ‘ Euides ’ were among the taxa with barcode data in BOLD (but not Neoperkinsiella among specimens with determinations). BOLD has barcode data for 1,261 specimens, barcodes representing 287 species, in comparison to approximately 576 currently described New World delphacid species (2100 + species worldwide, Bourgoin 2014), suggesting that the closest relatives to Ampliphax may not be barcoded to date.Published as part of Bartlett, Charles R. & Kunz, Gernot, 2015, A new genus and species of delphacid planthopper (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae) from Central America with a preliminary regional species list, pp. 510-518 in Zootaxa 3946 (4) on pages 512-516, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/23922
Valid generalisation from approximate interpolation
No full textLet H and C be sets of functions from domain X to R. We say that H validly generalises C from approximate interpolation if and only if for each j ? 0 and ffl; ffi 2 (0; 1) there is m 0 (j; ffl; ffi) such that for any function t 2 C and any probability distribution P on X , if m m 0 then with P m -probability at least 1 \Gamma ffi, a sample x = (x 1 ; x 2 ; : : : ; xm ) 2 X m satisfies 8h 2 H; jh(x i ) \Gamma t(x i )j ! j; (1 i m) =) P(fx : jh(x) \Gamma t(x)j jg) ! ffl: We find conditions that are necessary and sufficient for H to validly generalise C from approximate interpolation, and we obtain bounds on the sample length m 0 (j; ffl; ffi) in terms of various parameters describing the expressive power of H. 1 Introduction and Definitions Much work has recently been carried out on probabilistic models of machine learning such as the `probably approximately correct' (or pac) model due to Valiant [26]. In particular, the pac learning of f0; 1g-valued functions (equivalent..
Multinational Sales Management of Foreign Subsidiaries: A Case Study on the German Mittlestand
No full textThis research study provides insights into “How to manage foreign subsidiaries in a multinational company (MNC) belonging to the German Mittelstand” by applying a contingency perspective. Existing MNC knowledge focuses on large MNCs whereas contributions regarding an application to the German Mittelstand are scant. In particular, a framework for multinational sales management with patterns for foreign subsidiaries is missing for both academia and management. Thus, the findings of this research study contribute to existing MNC knowledge and provide ideas and guidance for managerial practice.
A review of the literature identifies MNC typologies (Bartlett & Beamish, 2014; Bartlett & Ghoshal, 1988), subsidiary role models (Bartlett & Beamish, 2014; Bartlett & Ghoshal, 1986), and the corresponding MNC factors. This serves as a starting point from which a conceptual framework is derived accordingly. Thereafter, a plausibility check with industry experts verifies and ensures the suitability of the identified MNC factors to the characteristics of the German Mittelstand. Then, an in-depth case study consisting of documentary, semi-structured interviews, and focus group interviews, applies the conceptual framework to the selected case of the German Mittelstand.
The described research design operationalizes and modifies the selected MNC models in such a way that they suit the identified Mittelstand characteristics. This facilitates an application of the framework for multinational sales management consisting of the selected and operationalized MNC models for the MNC typology and the foreign subsidiaries.
The main contribution of this research study is the framework for multinational sales management, which fills the gaps identified in existing knowledge. In particular, this research study contributes existing to knowledge by: (1 and 2) operationalizing the models for MNC typology and subsidiary roles for the German Mittelstand, (3) providing the key MNC factors for the German Mittelstand, and (4) elaborating the patterns for multinational sales management to improve the subsidiary competences and to increase the market importance of their local market with respect to their subsidiary role
Chionomus cultus Weglarz & Bartlett 2020, new combination
No full text<i>Chionomus cultus</i> (Van Duzee, 1907), new combination (<i>incertae sedis</i>) <p>(Figure 7)</p> <p> <i>Liburnia</i> culta Van Duzee, 1907: 47.</p> <p> <i>Megamelus cultus</i> (Van Duzee), comb. by Crawford 1914: 628.</p> <p> <i>Delphacodes culta</i> (Van Duzee) by Muir & Giffard 1924: 38.</p> <p> <b>Type Locality.</b> Mandeville, Jamaica.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Jamaica, USA: Florida, Cuba, Bermuda (Van Duzee 1907; Barber 1914; Osborn 1926 a, b; Ogilvie 1928)</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> This species was described from single female specimen from Jamaica and subsequently reported from other localities. It is probable that <i>C. cultus</i> is synonymous with some other species of <i>Chionomus</i>. However, because the holotype is female (with no definitively associated males), we have found no certain method to confidently associate it with any other <i>Chionomus</i> species, and we are reluctant to speculate especially given that <i>C. cultus</i> would be the senior name. The following species of <i>Chionomus</i> are reported from Jamaica: <i>C. havanae</i>, <i>C. balboae</i>, <i>C. dissapatus</i>, <i>C. puellus</i>, <i>C. tenae</i> and <i>C. pacificus</i>. As the holotype is a female, subsequently reported localities are doubtful.</p>Published as part of <i>Weglarz, Kathryn M. & Bartlett, Charles R, 2020, A revision of the planthopper genus Chionomus Fennah (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae), pp. 1-63 in Zootaxa 4811 (1)</i> on page 18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4811.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3944031">http://zenodo.org/record/3944031</a>
FIGURES 35–37 in A review of New World Malaxa (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae)
No full textFIGURES 35–37. Forewing, line art, leading margin ventrad; 35, Malaxa acutipennis; 36, Lamaxa occidentalis; 37, Xalama microstyla.Published as part of Bartlett, Charles R. & Kennedy, Ashley C., 2018, A review of New World Malaxa (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae), pp. 511-528 in Zootaxa 4441 (3) on page 524, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4441.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/130148
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