1,721,102 research outputs found
Infectious conjunctivitis, keratitis and kerato-conjunctivitis in cats Part 1: viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and protozoan diseases
No full textInfectious conjunctivitis, keratitis, and kerato-conjunctivitis represent the most common ocular surface abnormalities in cats. These pathologies exhibit distinct yet frequently overlapping clinical manifestations, making the clinical differential diagnosis challenging. In instances where a precise etiological diagnosis is lacking, establishing an effective therapeutic protocol becomes intricate. The aim of the of the first part of this article is to examine the etiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis associated with viral, bacterial, mycotic, parasitic, and protoìan infectious forms that can induce conjunctival, corneal or corneo-conjunctival abnormalities in cats. Notably, feline herpesvirus type 1 has been excludedfrom this first part as it is specifically addressed in the second part of this review
MEOLA M, PETRUCCI I, CALLIADA F, BARSOTTI M, PUCCINI M, GROSSO M, BARSOTTI G.: Presurgical Setting of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Using High-Resolution Sonography and Color Doppler.
No full textPurpose: High-resolution sonography (US) with
color Doppler imaging (CDI) is a simple, noninvasive,
safe and repeatable technique able to highlight
the presence of hyperplastic parathyroid
glands and changes in their volume, structure,
and vascularization during uremia. The primary
aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy
of US and the sensitivity for localizing
parathyroid glands with a volume ≥ 500mm3.
The secondary aim was to assess the parameters
that define parathyroid glandular perfusion.
Materials and Methods: The diagnostic use of US
was assessed in 40 consecutive uremic patients
with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism
(sHPT) who were receiving maintenance hemodialysis
or conservative therapy with a hypoproteic-
hypophosphoric diet and had undergone
parathyroidectomy. Prior to surgery 99mTC-sestamibi
scintigraphy (SM) was performed in all
patients.
Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive
value and accuracy of US were 74%, 75%,
98%, and 74%, respectively. The sensitivity for localizing
glands with a volume ≥ 500mm3 was
90%. US and SM had a combined sensitivity of
83%. The vascularization of parathyroid glands
became more evident with increasing glandular
volume. With CDI, the signs of hypervascularization
(i.e. an enlarged feeding artery at the hilum,
a peripheral arc of vascularity and/or ray-like endonodular
vessels) were present in 77% of glands
with a volume ≥ 500mm3.
Conclusion: The sensitivity of US is higher than
that of SM, but it cannot be compared with that
of parathyroidectomy (74 vs. 95%). However, US/
CDI is able to characterize glands with different
volumes and vascular patterns. Since glandular
volume and vascularization are indicative of the
severity of sHPT, this study suggests that the
main role of US/CDI in the setting of sHPT should be to complete the diagnosis and to evaluate the morphological
changes of enlarged glands during uremia in order to define surgical timing, rather than to assess the presurgical location of
glands
Infectious conjunctivitis, keratitis and kerato-conjunctivitis in cats Part 2: feline herpesvirus
No full textFeline herpesvirus stands out as the pathogen most commonly responsible for respiratory and ocular abnormalities in cats. The virus is ubiquitous, has high morbidity, and becomes latent after acute infection, often reactivating during stress or immunosuppression. The viral infection may cause keratoconjunctivitis with corneal erosions/ulcers. The ocular disease occurs in four clinical forms: ophthalmia neonatorum in newborn kittens, acute infection in juveniles and young adults, recurrent infection due to reactivation of the virus after latency, and stromal keratitis which represents the chronic manifestation of the disease. While the diagnosis is relatively simple during the acute phase of the disease, it becomes challenging in the other cases. It is essential to modulate therapy based on the specific clinical form of the ocular disease. This review aims to comprehensively outline the etiology, pathogenesis, ophthalmic clinical signs, and diagnostic and therapeutic options of herpesvirus infection in cats
Diagnostic corner: Ophthalmology [Corner diagnostico: oftalmologia]
No full textIl case report descrive l'aspetto clinico, l'evoluzione, l'iter diagnostico e la terapia di un'episclerite nodulare granulomatosa corneo-centrica in un cane di razza Golden retriever
Surgical management of bilateral, upper and lower eyelid entropion in 27 Shar Pei dogs, using the Stades forced granulation procedure of the upper eyelid only
No full textAims: To evaluate the outcome of surgical management of entropion of the upper and lower eyelids in Shar Pei dogs which had previously undergone temporary palpebral tacking, using the Stades forced granulation procedure of the upper eyelid only.Methods: Medical records were retrospectively searched to identify Shar Pei dogs referred for bilateral entropion of both the lower and upper eyelids, and that were treated with the forced granulation procedure of the upper eyelid only. Dogs were included if they had previously undergone unsuccessful temporary palpebral tacking and had at least three follow-up examinations in the 30 days following surgery.Results: Twenty-seven Shar Pei dogs with a median age of 7.9 (min 4, max 24) months were included in the study. Before surgery, all dogs showed signs of severe ocular discomfort with bilateral keratitis and visual deficit due to blepharospasm, enophthalmos and protrusion of the third eyelid. In 13/54 eyes, keratitis was associated with a corneal ulcer. When re-examined 4 weeks after surgery, correction of the upper eyelid entropion and associated trichiasis resolved ocular signs in 50/54 eyes. Mild bilateral lower entropion remained in two dogs postoperatively, which underwent revision surgery with the Hotz-Celsus technique. There were no cases of long-term recurrence of entropion or ocular irritation in the 38 eyes (19 dogs) which were re-examined 1 year after surgery.Conclusion and clinical relevance: The forced granulation procedure performed on the upper eyelid only was effective for correction of entropion in the Shar Pei dogs included in this study. In our experience, it is preferable to operate on the upper eyelid alone, rather than attempting to correct upper and lower entropion during the same surgical operation. The dog can then be reassessed a few weeks later to determine whether the lower entropion is anatomical or secondary to the severe blepharospasm resulting from the painful ocular irritation
Adenosquamous Carcinoma of the Upper Eyelid in a Dog
No full textA 12-year-old, male mongrel dog was presented for a 6-month history of a progressive eyelid mass of the right upper eyelid. The dog's medical history reported long-term bilateral topical application of 0.03% tacrolimus ophthalmic ointment for third eyelid plasmoma and treatment cycles with systemic corticosteroids for a long-standing atopic dermatitis. Complete physical and ophthalmologic examination of the dog as well as complete blood count, serum biochemical analysis, urinalysis, thoracic radiographs, and abdominal ultrasonography were performed. The mass involved the skin and the margin of the upper eyelid, which was ulcerated. Conjunctival hyperemia, and the thickening and partial depigmentation of the third eyelid due to plasmoma were present. The plasmoma was observed bilaterally. Histological examination of the eyelid mass showed an invasive proliferation of malignant epithelial cells with intermixing of both adenocarcinomatous and malignant squamous cell components. An eyelid adenosquamous carcinoma was diagnosed. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report on an adenosquamous carcinoma of the eyelid in a dog. Immunosuppression has been found to be a significant clinical risk factor for cutaneous adenosquamous carcinoma in humans and was considered a possible risk factor for this dog
Trattamento di ciglia ectopiche nel cane tramite l’utilizzo di fresa palmare a batterie (Algherbrush)
No full textRisultati preliminari di 193 casi di SCCEDs (Spontaneous Chronic Corneal Epithelial Defect) nel cane: distribuzione di razza, stagionalità, tecniche terapeutiche e tempi di guarigione a confronto
No full textScopo dello studio: valutare le razze canine prevalentemente colpite da SCCED, valutare se esista una stagionalità nell'insorgenza della patologia, mettere a confronto l'efficacia di due diversi approcci terapeutici: fresatura corneale con diamond burr e cheratotomia a griglia.
Materiali e metodi: è stata svolta un'indagine retrospettiva nel trienno settembre 2015-2018 sulle cartelle cliniche di cani affetti da SCCED. Sono stati scelti i seguenti criteri di inclusione: anamnesi (segnalamento e periodo di insorgenza della patologia), gestione terapeutica, con fresatura corneale tramite diamond burr (DB) o cheratotomia a griglia (GK), previo debridment corneale con swab e presenza di follow-up.
Risultati: Sono stati selezionati 193 casi di SCCED. I cani principalmente colpiti erano meticci, bouledogue francesi, boxer e pinscher, di età media 8 anni (8,2), 80/193 erano femmine, 113/193 maschi. La maggioranza dei soggetti sono pervenuti a visita oculistica nei mesi primaverili, ma dall'anamnesi, in base all'insorgenza del disagio, abbiamo rilevato un picco di insorgenza nei mesi autunnali. In 69 casi è stata effettuata GK e in 124 casi DB. Con entrambe le tecniche il tempo medio di guarigione era di 16 giorni. Due casi, dopo ripetuti trattamenti con entrambe le tecniche, hanno necessitato la cheratectomia superficiale.
Conclusioni: Dal presente studio si evince che i cani prevalentemente colpiti sono meticci e che una maggior frequenza di SCCEDs sembra insorgere nel periodo autunnale, mettendo in evidenza un certo andamento stagionale della patologia corneale.
I tempi di guarigione non differiscono nelle due tecniche di gestione terapeutica impiegat
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