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Sviluppo di prototipi low-cost per la misura di alcuni parametri spazio-temporali del passo.
No full textLo scopo di questo lavoro di tesi è stato lo studio e la realizzazione di un sistema di basso costo per l’analisi automatica dei parametri spazio-temporali del cammino. Il sistema è costituito da un PC, una webcam e da uno a tre smartphone, basati su sistema operativo Android; gli smartphone sono stati usati essenzialmente come sensori accelerometrici per misure temporali, mentre la webcam ha permesso misure spaziali. Sul Pc è stato realizzato un software che guida l’utilizzatore nel processo di acquisizione ed elaborazione dei dati, permettendo la visualizzazione dei segnali sia in real-time che durante le fasi di elaborazione; sono state implementate inoltre altre funzioni di supporto come la calibrazione del sistema accelerometrico e della webcam e la visualizzazione dei dati in 3D. Il sistema provvede autonomamente a tutte le fasi, dall’acquisizione all’elaborazione, pertanto nessun software esterno è richiesto per effettuare ulteriori elaborazioni.
Nella realizzazione del sistema la prima fase è stato lo sviluppo di una piattaforma software di base, su cui installare diverse applicazioni per i diversi tipi di movimento che si intendeva studiare. La seconda fase è stata la realizzazione di varie applicazioni sulla piattaforma per studiare diverse situazioni connesse al cammino che sono:
• Protocollo Timed Up and Go, misura dei tempi di alzata da una sedia, percorrenza di 3m, rotazione, ritorno e seduta;
• Misura di lunghezza, larghezza e durata di passo per un soggetto che cammina su pavimento utilizzando markers riflettenti colorati;
• Misura di lunghezza, larghezza e durata di passo per un soggetto che cammina su tapis-roulant utilizzando markers riflettenti colorati;
• Misura di lunghezza, larghezza e durata di passo per un soggetto che cammina su tapis-roulant senza utilizzare markers;
• Acquisizione contemporanea di punti nello spazio 3D, relativi all’intersezione del corpo in movimento con dei piani di luce laser paralleli al suolo, per misurare le successive posizioni nello spazio del tronco inferiore
Integration of smartphones and webcam for the measure of spatial-temporal parameters of gait for treadmill use
No full textA very low cost prototype has been developed for the spatial and
temporal analysis of human movement using an integrated system of last generation smartphones and a high-definition webcam, controlled by a laptop. The system can be used to analyse mainly planar motions in non-structured environments. In this paper, the accelerometer signal as captured by the 3D sensor embedded in one smartphone, and the position of coloured markers derived by the webcam frames, are used for the
computation of spatial-temporal parameters of gait. The system has been tested on a treadmill at different gait speeds. Accuracy of results is compared with that obtainable by a gold-standard instrumentation. The system is characterised by a very low cost and by a very high level of automation. It has been thought to be used by non-expert users
in ambulatory settings
ASSESSMENT OF WALKING SPEED BY A GONIOMETER-BASED METHOD
No full textA quantitative gait analysis is essential to evaluate the kinematic, kinetic and electromyographic gait patterns. These patterns are strongly related to the individual spatio-temporal parameters that characterize each subject. In particular, gait speed is one of the most important spatio-temporal gait parameters: it influences kinematic, kinetic parameters, and muscle activity too. The aim of the present study is to propose a new method to assess stride speed using only 1-degree-of-freedom electrogoniometers positioned on hip and knee joints. The model validation is performed comparing the model results with those automatically obtained from another gait analysis system: GAITRite. The results underline the model reliability. These results show that essential spatio-temporal gait parameters, and in particular the speed of each stride, can be determined during normal walking using only two 1-dof electrogoniometers. The method is easy-to-use and does not interfere with regular walking patterns
INTEGRATION OF SMARTPHONES AND WEBCAM FOR THE MEASURE OF SPATIOTEMPORAL GAIT PARAMETERS
No full textof last generation smartphones and a highdefinition webcam, controlled by a laptop. The system can be used to analyze mainly planar motions in non-structured environments. In this paper, the accelerometer signal as captured by the 3D sensor embedded in one smartphone, and the position of colored markers derived by the webcam frames, are used for the computation of spatial-temporal parameters of gait. Accuracy of results is compared with that obtainable by a gold-standard instrumentation. The system is characterized by a very low cost and by a very high level of automation. It has been thought to be used by non-expert users in ambulatory settings
A markerless system based on smartphones and webcam for the measure of step length, width and duration on treadmill
No full textBackground and objective: A markerless low cost prototype has been developed for the deter-mination of some spatio-temporal parameters of human gait: step-length, step-width andcadence have been considered. Only a smartphone and a high-definition webcam have beenused.Methods: The signals obtained by the accelerometer embedded in the smartphone are usedto recognize the heel strike events, while the feet positions are calculated through imageprocessing of the webcam stream. Step length and width are computed during gait trials ona treadmill at various speeds (3, 4 and 5 km/h).Results: Six subjects have been tested for a total of 504 steps. Results were compared withthose obtained by a stereo-photogrammetric system (Elite, BTS Engineering). The maximumaverage errors were 3.7 cm (5.36%) for the right step length and 1.63 cm (15.16%) for the rightstep width at 5 km/h. The maximum average error for step duration was 0.02 s (1.69%) at5 km/h for the right steps.Conclusion: The system is characterized by a very high level of automation that allows itsuse by non-expert users in non-structured environments. A low cost system able to auto-matically provide a reliable and repeatable evaluation of some gait events and parametersduring treadmill walking, is relevant also from a clinical point of view because it allows theanalysis of hundreds of steps and consequently an analysis of their variability
Webcam and smartphone for the measure of spatial-temporal parameters of gait for treadmill use
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Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering
Volume 392, 2016, Pages 261-272
International Workshop on Mobile Networks for Biometric Data Analysis, 2014; Ancona; Italy; 30 October 2014 through 31 October 2014; Code 179299
Webcam and smartphone for the measure of spatial-temporal parameters of gait for treadmill use (Conference Paper)
Barone, V. , Verdini, F., Di Nardo, F., Maranesi, E., Burattini, L., Fioretti, S.
Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Abstract
A very low cost prototype has been developed for the spatial and temporal analysis of human movement using an integrated system of last generation smartphones and a high-definition webcam, controlled by a laptop. The system can be used to analyse mainly planar motions in non-structured environments. In this paper, the accelerometer signal captured by the 3D sensor embedded in one smartphone, and the position of coloured markers extracted from the analysis of the webcam frames, are used for the computation of spatial-temporal parameters of gait. The system has been tested on a treadmill at different gait speeds. Accuracy of results is compared with that obtainable by a gold-standard stereometric instrumentation. The system is characterised by a very low cost and a very high level of automation. It has been thought to be used by non-expert users in ambulatory settings
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