1,721,193 research outputs found
Comment on: “Low-dose computed tomography screening for lung cancer in people with workplace exposure to asbestos”
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ALCOHOL AND CANCERS OF THE UPPER AERODIGESTIVE TRACT IN MEN AND WOMEN
No full textIn order to explore the potential differences in the effect of alcohol in men and women we took advantage of a case-control study of upper aerodigestive tract tumors conducted between 1986 and 1991 in Northern Italy. Five hundred forty-six incident cases of cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx (of whom 81 were women), 410 of cancer of the esophagus (of whom 67 were women), and 388 with cancer of the larynx, (of whom 19 were women) were interviewed. The control group included 2263 inpatients (of whom 557 were women) with acute conditions unrelated to alcohol and tobacco consumption. Among alcohol drinkers, similar odds ratios were detected in men and women. In the highest, well comparable intake category (i.e., greater-than-or-equal-to 42 drinks/week in women and 42-55 drinks/week in men), odds ratios were 4.5 and 3.8 for cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx, 3.0 and 4.7 for cancer of the esophagus, and 2.6 and 2.0 for cancer of the larynx in women and men, respectively, as compared to light drinkers. However, for all cancer sites a reduced risk was found among abstaining women but not in abstaining men, when compared with light-to-moderate drinkers. The present study, therefore, does not support the hypothesis that women may be substantially more vulnerable than men to alcohol carcinogenesis, at least at the level of the upper aerodigestive tract. It highlights, however, the importance of the choice of the reference category (i.e., abstainers versus the combination of abstainers and light drinkers) in the comparison of risk estimates across population groups who greatly differ with respect to drinking patterns and other correlates of alcohol consumption
SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Nursing Home Healthcare Workers: A Longitudinal Study in North-Eastern Italy
Full text linkBackground: During the pandemic, a surveillance program to monitor COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers was established in Friuli Venezia Giulia Region (FVG), Italy. The aim of our study was to measure the risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection among nursing home employees by job title. Methods: From March 1, 2020, to March 31, 2023, a retrospective population-based longitudinal study was conducted in 8880 nursing home employees. For each employee, all swabs up to the first positive result (n = 211.534) were considered. The study period was divided in six phases based on epidemic waves. Generalized estimated equations method for longitudinal binary data was applied with a time lag of a month, in each phase, obtaining an odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence limit (95% CI) for each job category. Results: In Phase 1 (1.3.2020–30.6.2020), compared with administrative assistants, jobs with high patient contact were at increased risk of infection: The OR and 95% CI were 3.52 (1.44–8.56) and 2.96 (1.15–7.66) in healthcare elementary occupation and physicians/nurses, respectively. Corresponding associations in Phase 2 (1.7.2020–31.1.2021) were 1.54 (1.18–2.02) and 1.41 (1.04–1.91). On the contrary, in Phase 6 (20.12.2021–31.3.2023) physicians/nurses were at a decreased risk (0.73 [0.58–0.91]). Conclusions: In nursing homes, the risk of COVID-19 infection varied by job title and pandemic phase. Virus higher infectivity, probability of closer contact, and better adherence to infection prevention control may explain part of these differences. Stronger nursing home–specific surveillance in patients and employees should be extended worldwide to control this high global burden of disease communities
Atypical radiological presentation of multiple cystic brain metastases from lung cancer simulating neurocysticercosis
No full textBrain metastases (BMs) are usually characterised by vasogenic oedema and mass effect, but cystic appearance can rarely occur, mimicking parasitosis, such as neurocysticercosis (NCC). A woman in her mid-50s was admitted for dizziness and upper left extremity paresis. Neuroimaging showed multiple cystic lesions consistent with multiple stages of NCC evolution, and empiric albendazole was started, without any clinical improvement. A whole-body CT revealed a pulmonary lesion in the right superior lobe. Pathological analysis from brain specimen demonstrated a clear cell lung carcinoma. The patient gradually worsened and died 4 months after the diagnosis. In conclusion, multiple cystic BMs are an atypical presentation on neuroimaging; in these cases, a meticulous diagnostic workup should be performed, looking for the possible site of malignancy. Even when it is not possible to perform a biopsy from the primitive lesion, as reported in this case, a brain biopsy should be considered
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INFLUENZA VACCINATION AMONG THE ELDERLY IN FRIULI-VENEZIA GIULIA (ITALY)
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