1,720,994 research outputs found
Immunogenicità e sicurezza dei vaccini combinati esavalenti: comparazione dei prodotti attualmente disponibili e considerazioni pratiche
No full textExhavalent combination vaccines represent a valuable technological innovation in the prevention of infectious diseases and an effective public health tool, because of their health and economic value. In order to increase parents’ and healthcare professionals’ confidence in the vaccination programs and maintain their benefits to society, the benefits of innovative vaccination tools such as combination vaccines need to be known by healthcare professionists and parents. Purpose of this work is an examination of available hexavalent vaccines, that protect against Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Poliomyelitis, Hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b infections. In this paper the epidemiological updates of vaccine preventable diseases
to the vaccine development cycle, from the immunogenicity of antigenic components to the safety and co-administration with other vaccines, several aspects of available hexavalent vaccines are discussed. Also some practical considerations on schedules, age of employment, strategies for vaccination recovery, vaccination in at-risk births are reported, based on the most important international and national scientific societies
Pneumococcal vaccination strategies in adult population: perspectives with the pneumococcal 13 - valent polysaccharide conjugate vaccine.
No full textVantaggi e limiti dei vaccini influenzali convenzionali: il valore aggiunto dei vaccini adiuvati con MF59 e somministrati per via intradermica
No full textThe history of tuberculosis: From the first historical records to the isolation of Koch's bacillus
No full textTuberculosis (TB) is a contagious, infectious disease, due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) that has always been a permanent challenge over the course of human history, because of its severe social implications. It has been hypothesized that the genus Mycobacterium originated more than 150 million years ago. In the Middle Ages, scrofula, a disease affecting cervical lymph nodes, was described as a new clinical form of TB. The illness was known in England and France as "king's evil", and it was widely believed that persons affected could heal after a royal touch. In 1720, for the first time, the infectious origin of TB was conjectured by the English physician Benjamin Marten, while the first successful remedy against TB was the introduction of the sanatorium cure. The famous scientist Robert Koch was able to isolate the tubercle bacillus and presented this extraordinary result to the society of Physiology in Berlin on 24 March 1882. In the decades following this discovery, the Pirquet and Mantoux tuberculin skin tests, Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin BCG vaccine, Selman Waksman streptomycin and other anti-tuberculous drugs were developed
Available influenza vaccines: immunization strategies, history and new tools for fighting the disease
No full textThe main public health strategy for containing influenza-related
disease is annual vaccination, which is recommended for the
elderly and others belonging to risk-factor categories, who present
the highest morbidity and mortality, as reported by the World
Health Organization (WHO) Recommendations.
The availability of different influenza vaccine formulations makes
the choice of the best immunization strategy a challenge for stakeholders
and public health experts.
Heterogeneity in at-risk categories included in national influenza
vaccine recommendations still exists, in particular among
European countries. Broader consensus is expected, which should
positively impact on influenza vaccination coverage.
The availability of quadrivalent vaccines, containing both influenza
B lineages, offers the potential to improve protection by overcoming
the drawbacks of wrongly predicting which B lineage will
predominate in a given year
History and evolution of influenza control through vaccination: From the first monovalent vaccine to universal vaccines
No full textInfluenza is a highly infectious airborne disease with an important epidemiological and societal burden; annual epidemics and pandemics have occurred since ancient times, causing tens of millions of deaths. A hundred years after this virus was first isolated, influenza vaccines are an important influenza prevention strategy and the preparations used display good safety and tolerability profiles. Innovative tools, such as recombinant technologies and intra-dermal devices, are currently being investigated in order to improve the immunological response. The recurring mutations of influenza strains has prompted the recent introduction of a quadrivalent inactivated vaccine. In the near future, scientific research will strive to produce a long-lasting universal vaccine containing an antigen that will offer protection against all influenza virus strains
HERPES ZOSTER: UNA MALATTIA LA CUI LUNGA STORIA NON SI È ANCORA CONCLUSA
No full textHerpes Zoster, a disease imposing large economic and social costs,
is caused by a DNA virus, human herpesvirus 3, belonging to the Herpesvirales
order, Herpesviridae family. It is widespread throughout the world,
with a frequency of 120-350 cases per 100,000 persons/year. Herpes Zoster
is a disease with multiple names and multiple faces, which over the millennia
has been mistaken for the plague, typhoid, anthrax, erysipelas, syphilis,
gangrene, leprosy, and also for intoxication by rye. They are just some of the
avatars, as said by Ernest Wickersheimer, that this disease has taken over
time. This manuscript will investigate the cultural representation of this disease
throughout history
I VACCINI ANTINFLUENZALI NELLA STORIA DELLA MEDICINA TRA PASSATO E PRESENTE
No full textInfluenza is a highly infectious airborne disease that affected significant
percentage of the world population; local annual epidemics and pandemics
appeared from the earliest ages, causing tens of millions of deaths since
ancient times. In 412 BC Hippocrates first described an influenza-like illness
syndrome called “fever of Corinth”, but the name “influenza” originated in
15th century in Italy. The first relevant documents about influenza-like illness
syndrome was recorded in 1510 and the first pandemic, or worldwide epidemic,
that clearly fits the description of influenza appeared in 1580. At the end of
the XIX century, the etiology of this disease had not been yet well clarified: it
was believed that the disease was caused by a bacillus, Haemophilus influenzae,
so named by Pfeiffer during the influenza epidemic of 1889-1892 and in
the same period the French Charles Nicolle and Charles Lébally showed the
agent filterability flu pathogen. Many are certainly the most important dates
of this historic route and we will try with our work to retrace the major events
leading research and studies on influenza virus to the current situatio
LA PSICHIATRIA IN ETÀ ROMANTICA: PROFILI ETICI NEL PRIMO AFFERMARSI DELLA DISCIPLINA DEGLI ALIENISTI
No full textCelebrity effect in public health and bioethics: An “Italian case” in endometrio-sis prevention communication
No full textObjective: To explore endometriosis-related digital seeking behaviour in Italy, after the showgirl Rossella Brescia announced to be affected by this gynecological disease. Methods: We performed a retrospective search of web-activities related to endometriosis, carried out in Italy, in the last 5 years, using Google Trends with “endometriosis” as keyword and “search topic” as search strategy. We used the section Google News in order to check the impact of media coverage on web behaviour. Results: Web-activities related to Rossella Brescia and endometriosis correlated in a statistically borderline significant way, even though peaks in endometriosis searches coincided with bursts in digital interest towards Rossella Brescia. Among the endometriosis-associated rising queries, “Rossella Brescia endometriosis” and “Rossella Brescia” were two of the most searched. Among Rossella Brescia-associated rising queries, “Rossella Brescia disease” yielded the first place (break out), whilst “Rossella Brescia endometriosis” the fourth place (breakout), “endometriosis” the fifth place (breakout) and “Rossella Brescia ill” the ninth place (breakout). Conclusions: Practitioners should become aware of the importance of new media in communicating the disease with their patients and workers in the field of public health should strengthen their presence online, exploiting celebrity effect in order to disseminate rigorous but accessible information and raise public awareness against the disease, methods of diagnosis and prevention
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