1,720,997 research outputs found
Sensitive and specific Digoxigenin-labelled RNA Probes for Routine Detection of Citrus tristeza virus by Dot-blot Hybridization
No full textComparative sequence anlysis of coat protein gene of Apulian Citrus tristeza virus isolates
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Synthesis of in vitro transcripts for the detection of artichoke mottled crinkle tombusvirus in artichoke
No full textVirus and virus-like diseases of citrus in Epirus
Full text linkIn 2005 a survey was conducted in the main citrusgrowing areas of Epirus. Commercial groves and nurseries were inspected for symptoms of virus and viruslike diseases and a total of 123 samples were collected. Molecular hybridisation was used to test for Citrus tristeza virus (CTV), Citrus psorosis virus (CPsV), Citrus infectious variegation virus (CVV), Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) and Hop stunt viroid (HSVd). Although the results are from a low number of samples, they give a significant insight into the sanitary conditions of the Greek citrus industry, disclosing the presence of CTV mild strains in the North-western area
CUCUMBER MOSAIC CUCUMOVIRUS POPULATIONS IN ITALY UNDER NATURAL EPIDEMIC CONDITIONS AND AFTER A SATELLITE-MEDIATED PROTECTION TEST
No full textMore than 2,000 samples of weeds and cultivated crops were collected in Italy from areas where cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV) epidemics occurred in 1988 and 1989. A collection of weeds was also made from fields neighboring the site of a 1989 satellite-mediated protection test of tomato. Samples were screened by molecular hybridization analyses, and CMV isolates were typed on the basis of their ability to hybridize with subgroup-specific riboprobes and with a satellite RNA-specific riboprobe. A strong relationship between CMV strain and disease type was found in tomato. The etiology of the so-called lethal necrosis syndrome was related to a helper virus belonging to the S subgroup, and a CMV strain assigned to the WT subgroup was involved in the fruit necrosis syndrome. Virus strains belonging to the WT subgroup were more widely distributed on different plant species and therefore present throughout the year, whereas those of S-type occurred more frequently from winter to early spring. Samples from weeds, celery, and melon were collected around the site of the 1989 satellite-mediated protection test. The protective strain used in that study (CMV-S) belongs to the S subgroup, and no increase in the S subgroup CMV population was observed. Specific CARNA 5 sequences were recognized either in cultivated crops or in weeds even when the helper virus was no longer detectable. A seemingly new CARNA 5 variant named Tfn-CARNA 5 was found associated with tomato fruit necrosis
SGUARDI OLTRE IL PONTE CITTA’ COSTIERE DI SICILIA E CALABRIA TRA WATERFRONT NUOVE PORTUALITA’
Full text linkFor many years the South has been at the center of attention of the public opinion, the completion of the bridge over the Stretto di Messina, as a "resolution" passage of the connecting corridor between mainland Italy and the Sicily. That's the expression of a territorial vision of Europe based on building a network that is essential for economic exchange and north-south transport would also open a brand new relationship between continental Europe and the countries of the North African area. That vision has largely overshadowed the dynamics of the southern coastal city of our country; it’s actually proposing, on the one hand, a projected growth of settlements on the seas that surround it (Tyrrhenian, Adriatic and Ionian) to which they are very diverse forms of expression and waterfront uses of multiform coastline, on the other, a system of landing places for a substantial internal mobility (for goods and people that do not underestimate the contribution from tourism-related water) in the Mediterranean bacin.
The changes related to these new forms of urban growth would change the structure of many cities in the South, Mediterranean recover ancient paths of memory, creating new destinations: they appear involved, the traditional settlement patterns in the South, the same system of connections of short and medium distance as well as assumptions that bind to the construction of local platforms and logistics. In fact, in the "long waiting" of the bridge, there are certain situations that are heavily penalizing the South in terms of production and the same quality of life of the people, but we are also witnessing the growth of short-term initiatives aimed at reducing inconveniences and create new forms of relationships.
Some emerging questions. Is rising up the possibility of a different relationship with the sea that make the Eurocentric vision less effective? Are there determining alternative uses of coastal areas? Do we highlight new conveniences for transport solutions that bring shadows radicals assumed to origin?
It is considered advisable the "cultural review”, before operating the assumptions above and at least the same should be the subject of critical attention.
The changes related to these new forms of urban growth would change the structure of many cities in the South, Mediterranean recover ancient paths of memory, creating new destinations: they appear involved, the traditional settlement patterns in the South, the same system of connections of short and medium distance as well as assumptions that bind to the construction of local platforms and logistics.
The contribution will develop for the Biennial of Towns and Town Planners in Europe focuses on the changes that are driving in the cities of the South (and especially its southern parts) in particular is to highlight the connection not yet sufficient depth between the vision-type transport terms "a unique system of relationships and the European contribution, to some extent but still innovative alternative, which flows to the reorganization of transport from urban and territorial policies, more often an expression of local needs and not properly coordinated, but nevertheless substantial, for somewhat irreversible
Nucleotide sequence of a cucumber mosaic virus satellite RNA associated with a tomato top stunting
No full textA strain of cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV) belonging to the WT subgroup has been isolated in Apulia (Southern Italy) form tomato plants showing a severe shortening of internodes of terminal shoots leading to a bushy appearance. The disease was clearly distinguishable from other CMV-induced disorders in tomato Italian crops like fruit necrosis, lethal necrosis and shoestring-fern leaf (1). Virus preparations purified from naturally infected plants contained CMV genomic RNAs 1-4 and a satellite RNA named TTS-CARNA 5 (CARNA 5 for CMV-associated RNA 5). The virus, for which the name of CMV-TTS was adopted, was cultured in Rutgers tomato and purified by a standardized procedure (2). We report here the nucleotide sequence of its satellite RNA (Figure 1). Nucleotide sequence of TTS-CARNA5 was determined using the dideoxy-chain termination method on both strands of three different pUC-cloned cDNA templates, and by direct sequencing on RNA template (3). When compared with other CMV satellite RNAs (1, B1, B2, D, E, G, I17N, R, S, WL1, WL2, F, K8) (4, 5, 6) the following nucleotides were found to be uniques for TTS-CARNA5: T38 (vs C), C 3 9 (vs. T), A269 (vs G). The 3' half of TTS-CARNA5 does not contain the 'necrogenic consensus' reported for other CMV satellite RNAs (4). Preliminary results strongly suggest that TTS-CARNA5 is involved in causing tomato top stunting by a modulation of symptoms induced by CMV helper strain
Digoxigenin-labeled riboprobes applied to phytosanitary certification of tomato in Italy
No full textA dot-blot hybridization system using digoxigenin-labeled riboprobes and chemiluminescent detection was developed for the diagnosis of infections by cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV), tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV), potato Y potyvirus (PVY), tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus (TYLCV), and, occasionally, alfalfa mosaic alfamovirus (AMV) and tomato mosaic tobamovirus (ToMV) in tomato seedlings. This system was successfully applied to sanitary certification purposes. Tomato samples were collected using a systematic sampling method. The optimal ratio of tissue sample to extraction solution was 1.2 g to 6 ml. Hybridization reactions were done using a riboprobe mixture. This procedure saved time and cut costs without reducing sensitivity. TSWV was detected up to a ratio of 21 mu g of infected tissue per spot; whereas the other viruses were detectable at a ratio of 17 mu g of infected tissue per spot. The method allowed the analysis of 400 to 500 samples (representative of approximately 1.15 million tomato seedlings) per day and fulfilled the requirements for virus detection in routine diagnosis
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