44 research outputs found
Are They Victims of COVID-19? The livelihood and quandaries of sex workers in the New Kuchingoro camp for internally displaced people in Abuja, Nigeria
No full textIn this paper, I examine the challenges faced by sex workers in the New Kuchingoro camp for internally displaced persons (IDPs) due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous studies on sex workers’ activities in the camp have underscored their hardships, distress, and deprivation, as well as their general inability to cope with COVID-19. Through my research, I reveal that the government and other agencies failed to support sex workers’ struggle to adequately provide for themselves and their families. I also explore the different strategies they employed in their efforts to survive during this period of hardship, which demonstrated their resilience
Simultaneous Geography, Divided Communities: Paving the Way to Silencing the Ethno-Religious Insurgencies in Nigeria
No full textThis article situates the notion of ethnicity as one key defining component upon which communities within Nigeria appear to divide and sustain themselves, particularly in light of the current fear of insurgency. In doing so, reference is made to the concept of the ‘other’: being ethnically, culturally and religiously distinct from the major ethnic groups within the country. Some key implications of this trend in terms of fear and societal exclusion are explained. The discussion is situated within the broader context of community, ethnicity and insurgency within Nigeria. The following is not a discussion of insurgency; rather, it is an exploration of issues that galvanize some communities whilst provoking an attitude of suspicion toward others. It is argued that attempts to deconstruct diversity in favor of enforcing a singular cultural identity inherently links difference to fear and, by doing so, risks further polarizing communities within Nigeria
The Kampala Convention and Challenges to Geopolitical Security
No full textThe AU Kampala Convention aims to ensure that the states that have signed the treaty protect and assist internally displaced persons (IDPs) in their regions to establish geopolitical security, which is threatened by the inevitability, volume and heterogeneity of forced displacement. This article interrogates the link between the Kampala Convention and the minimisation of interstate conflict through a political will to tackle the challenge of forced displacement amongst member states the cooperation and integration of which would contribute to geopolitical security. Thus, using secondary data, the author determines how addressing large-scale forced displacement in the region can improve geopolitical security. Thus, based on an extensive review of relevant IDP issues in Africa, attention is paid to displacement trends on the continent, factors precipitating displacement and the flow of IDPs across the region, a current analysis of the AU Kampala Convention framework, the challenges to African geopolitical security and responsibility-sharing amongst African states. The author concludes that there should be synergy between host and displaced communities for integration and the provision of opportunities for IDPs to regain their livelihoods. Therefore, African states need to adapt and implement, as a matter of urgency, national, regional and international policies to solve the challenges of internal displacement in Africa and ensure geopolitical security
Creating the Deserved Protection: Reflections on Civilian Joint Task Force Counter-insurgency Operations in the North-Eastern Region of Nigeria
No full textThis article considers the role of the Civilian Joint Task Force (popularly called CJTF), a group of armed local population participating in the joint battle against Boko Haram, has become a platform for recruitment into the Nigerian security institutions in north-eastern Nigeria. CJTF members have played many roles, from mostly discrete surveillance networks in the north-eastern region of Nigeria to military combat auxiliaries or semi-autonomous fighting forces in the country. For the region’s overstretched and under pressure militaries, they have somewhat filled the security gap and provided local knowledge. CJTF can be a powerful counter-insurgency tool, but there is a compelling need to confront the immediate concerns it raises, notably in terms of impunity, and to begin planning for its long-term post-conflict transformation. The article adopts Galula’s theory of counter-insurgency. It reveals several lessons in how a community-based security structure can be applied to a conventional security engagement.</jats:p
The Kampala Convention and challenges to geopolitical security
No full textThe AU Kampala Convention aims to ensure that the states that have signed the treaty
protect and assist internally displaced persons (IDPs) in their regions to establish
geopolitical security, which is threatened by the inevitability, volume, and heterogeneity
of forced displacement. This article interrogates the link between the Kampala
Convention and the minimisation of interstate conflict through a political will to tackle
the challenge of forced displacement amongst member states, the cooperation and
integration of which would contribute to geopolitical security. Thus, using secondary
data, the author determines how addressing large-scale forced displacement in the
region can improve geopolitical security. Thus, based on an extensive review of relevant
IDP issues in Africa, attention is paid to displacement trends on the continent, factors
precipitating displacement and the flow of IDPs across the region, a current analysis
of the AU Kampala Convention framework, the challenges to African geopolitical
security, and responsibility sharing amongst African states. The authors concludes that
there should be synergy between host and displaced communities for integration and the provision of opportunities for IDPs to regain their livelihoods. Therefore, African
states need to adapt and implement, as a matter of urgency, national, regional, and
international policies to solve the challenges of internal displacement in Africa and ensure geopolitical security.https://upjournals.up.ac.za/index.php/strategic_reviewam2024Anthropology and ArchaeologyNon
Assessing the effectiveness of government and non-governmental organization in assisting internally displaced women in Nigeria
No full textDATA AVAILABILITY ST ATEMENT :
The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are
not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions.MOTIVATION : There is scant information on support systems
for internally displaced persons in Nigeria, and none on internally
displaced women in the New Kuchingoro camp. This
limits the operations of aid agencies and other stakeholders,
preventing them from providing targeted assistance.
PURPOSE : First, it examined the support provided by two
government agencies: the National Commission for Refugees,
Migrants and Internally Displaced Persons (NCFRMI)
and the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA).
Second, it investigated and examined the support given by
non-governmental organizations, religious organizations,
and philanthropists. Third, it analysed the challenges facing
these bodies, drew conclusions about the policy implications
of the situation in New Kuchingoro, and made recommendations
for changes that would improve the lives of internally
displaced women in the camp.
METHODS AND APPROACH : Using qualitative research methods, the study investigated and evaluated the various
support systems provided by NCFRMI and NEMA to
internally displaced women in the New Kuchingoro camp
in Abuja, along with some NGOs, religious groups, and
philanthropists.
FINDINGS : The study revealed the inadequacy of
co-ordination between government agencies and NGOs in
the provision of humanitarian assistance to the New Kuchingoro
camp. While these NGOs were willing to provide
humanitarian assistance to the women, the lack of administrative
support from NCFRMI and NEMA frustrated this
objective.
POLICY IMPLICATIONS : The government needs to clarify the
respective roles of NCFRMI and NEMA with regard to
IDPs and relationships with non-government aid providers,
ensure adequate funding for IDPs, stamp out corruption,
respect the humanitarian principles of impartiality and
neutrality, and ultimately address the underlying causes of
displacement.http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/dpram2024Anthropology and ArchaeologySDG-17:Partnerships for the goal
Assessing the impact of livelihood diversification strategies on household food security among smallholder farmers in South-Western Nigeria / Ocena wpływu strategii dywersyfikacji źródeł utrzymania na bezpieczeństwo żywnościowe gospodarstw domowych wśród drobnych rolników w południowo-zachodniej Nigerii
No full textSubject and purpose of work: This study critically examines the role of livelihood diversification strategies in improving household food security among smallholder farmers in South-Western Nigeria. The objective is to explore how rural households adapt to challenges such as climate variability, limited access to resources, and economic instability through diversified income-generating activities. Specifically, the study investigates the impact of activities such as small-scale trade, local manufacturing, agricultural processing, wage labor, and remittances on food security outcomes.
Materials and methods: The study conducts an extensive literature review of empirical and theoretical research, synthesizing data from studies that focus on agricultural and non-agricultural livelihoods. This approach enables a comprehensive understanding of the different types of diversification strategies used by smallholder farmers and evaluates their effectiveness in stabilizing income and improving food security. The analysis considers various factors, including the socioeconomic and environmental contexts in which these activities are undertaken, to understand the nuances and varying impacts of diversification.
Results: Key findings reveal that while livelihood diversification can serve as a buffer against income fluctuations, its success largely depends on factors such as resource availability, household capacity, and local infrastructure. Diversification through agricultural means, such as crop rotation or animal husbandry, often stabilizes food production, but may not fully mitigate income risks. Nonagricultural activities, such as trading or manufacturing, can contribute more directly to income stability, although these opportunities are often constrained by limited market access and infrastructure. Remittances provide a crucial safety net for some households, although this source of income is vulnerable to external economic factors.
Conclusions: The study concludes that targeted livelihood diversification strategies can substantially improve food security in rural areas, especially when they are adapted to local socioeconomic and environmental conditions. The findings underscore the need for policy interventions that support infrastructure development, market access, and training programs to expand viable livelihood options. By aligning theoretical insights with empirical evidence, the study offers actionable
recommendations for policy makers to promote sustainable and inclusive food security solutions
through diversified income sources for rural communities in South-Western Nigeria.Przedmiot i cel pracy: Niniejsze badanie krytycznie analizuje rolę strategii dywersyfikacji źródeł
utrzymania w poprawie bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego gospodarstw domowych wśród drobnych
rolników w południowo-zachodniej Nigerii. Celem jest zbadanie, w jaki sposób wiejskie gospodarstwa
domowe dostosowują się do wyzwań, takich jak zmienność klimatu, ograniczony dostęp
do zasobów i niestabilność gospodarcza poprzez zróżnicowane działania generujące dochód.
W szczególności, badanie bada wpływ działań takich jak handel na małą skalę, lokalna produkcja,
przetwórstwo rolne, praca najemna i przekazy pieniężne na wyniki w zakresie bezpieczeństwa
żywnościowego.
Materiały i metody: W pracy przeprowadzono obszerny przegląd literatury na temat badań empirycznych
i teoretycznych, syntetyzując dane, które koncentrują się na rolniczych i pozarolniczych
źródłach utrzymania. Takie podejście umożliwia kompleksowe zrozumienie różnych rodzajów
strategii dywersyfikacji stosowanych przez drobnych rolników i ocenę ich skuteczności w stabilizowaniu
dochodów i poprawie bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego. Analiza uwzględnia różne
czynniki, w tym kontekst społeczno-ekonomiczny i środowiskowy, w którym podejmowane są te
działania, aby zrozumieć niuanse i różne skutki dywersyfikacji.
Wyniki: Kluczowe ustalenia pokazują, że chociaż dywersyfikacja źródeł utrzymania może służyć
jako bufor przed wahaniami dochodów, jej sukces w dużej mierze zależy od czynników takich jak
dostępność zasobów, możliwości gospodarstw domowych i lokalna infrastruktura. Dywersyfikacja
za pomocą środków rolniczych, takich jak płodozmian lub hodowla zwierząt, często stabilizuje
produkcję żywności, ale może nie w pełni łagodzić ryzyko związane z dochodami. Działalność pozarolnicza,
taka jak handel lub produkcja, może bardziej bezpośrednio przyczynić się do stabilności
dochodów, chociaż możliwości te są często ograniczone przez ograniczony dostęp do rynku
i infrastrukturę. Przekazy pieniężne stanowią kluczową siatkę bezpieczeństwa dla niektórych gospodarstw
domowych, choć to źródło dochodu jest podatne na zewnętrzne czynniki ekonomiczne.
Wnioski: W badaniu stwierdzono, że ukierunkowane strategie dywersyfikacji źródeł utrzymania
mogą znacznie poprawić bezpieczeństwo żywnościowe na obszarach wiejskich, zwłaszcza
gdy są one dostosowane do lokalnych warunków społeczno-ekonomicznych i środowiskowych.
Wyniki badania podkreślają potrzebę interwencji politycznych, które wspierają rozwój infrastruktury,
dostęp do rynku i programy szkoleniowe w celu rozszerzenia realnych opcji utrzymania.
Dostosowując teoretyczne spostrzeżenia do dowodów empirycznych, badanie oferuje praktyczne
zalecenia dla decydentów politycznych w celu promowania zrównoważonych i integracyjnych
rozwiązań w zakresie bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego poprzez zróżnicowane źródła dochodów
dla społeczności wiejskich w południowo-zachodniej Nigerii
Regional Approaches to Crisis Response, the African Union (AU) Intervention in African States: How Viable Is It?
No full textEver since African Union (AU) was established in 1963, the organisation has been charged with the responsibility of preventing, managing and resolving violent conflicts ranging from political violence, terrorism, insurgency and so on. In the African region, AU’s interventions in African states have generated academic debates especially in the Mali and Nigerian crisis. While some scholars consider AU’s intervention as being effective, others consider it ineffective. Either claim, however, is only valid in part and obscures a holistic understanding of the AU as a conflict prevention mechanism in Africa. Using the crisis in Mali and Nigeria as case studies, this article engages with the body of works drawn from each of the aforementioned paradigms, and highlights the inadequacies in exclusively focusing on either side of the debate. In turn, it suggests that, only in the synergy of both paradigms can a broader and more eclectic understanding of all the factors responsible for non-performance of AU be achieved.</jats:p
“Sweat is invisible in the rain”: Civilian Joint Task Force and counter-insurgency in Borno State, Nigeria
No full textPolitical, ethnic and religious conflict has given rise to insurgency groups employing a variety of strategies worldwide. In Nigeria, civilians in strife-torn Borno State have formed a number of counter-insurgency (COIN) groups, among which the Civilian Joint Task Force (CJTF) has emerged as a major player. The group began in 2009 as a simple call for volunteers, and now numbers over 26 000 men and women. While research has been conducted on other COIN groups, little is known of CJTF. Concerns have been raised about the CJTF metamorphosing into an ethnic militia, accused of human rights abuses, robbery, rape and hooliganism. Despite these reported atrocities, local people support them, regarding them as unsung heroes. The study investigates the group’s potential as a useful counter insurgency measure, using David Galula’s COIN theory to analyse the group’s actions and to contest the dualistic understanding of conventional vs unconventional, local peacebuilding approaches. The study adopts a qualitative, ethnographic methodology, locating the research in the context of global development and security discourse. The study aims to establish the value of the CJTF COIN group, to position unconventional local COIN as a viable complementary to conventional methods and to proffer clues as to how security initiatives may more successfully combat Islamic insurgency in Nigeria. The study employed both primary and secondary data. Field work for the study was carried out for six months between 2018 and 2019 in Maiduguri Metropolis and its environs in Borno State
From the Margin to the Mainstream: Dealing with the Scourge of Transit Migrants in Morocco
No full text
