1,456 research outputs found
NRDB Filled Forms Based on the Family Register of Neckarhausen
No full textFilled Forms Based on the Family Register of Neckarhause
NRDB Filled Forms of Burial Records in Neckarhausen
No full textFilled Forms of Burial Records in Neckarhause
David Sabean's Original Research Notes on Family Reconstitution
No full textDavid Sabean's Original Research Note
Family Reconstitution B: Digital Database (Kleio txt Files and their Conversion to CSV)
No full textFamily Reconstitution B: Digital Database (Old and New Versions
NRDB Filled Forms of Marriage Records in Neckarhausen
No full textFilled Forms of Marriage Records in Neckarhause
Family Reconstitution A: Paper-Based Reconstitution
No full textFamily Reconstitution A: Scan of the Paper-Based Reconstitutio
Return on Investment in Public Relations: A critical assessment of concepts used by practitioners from the perspectives of communication and management sciences
No full textReturn on Investment (ROI) is a term commonly and non-specifically used by public relations practitioners when discussing the value to be created from communication activities. It mimics business language, particularly from business administration and financial management, but does not figure widely in academic discourse (Watson, 2005).
Although the Institute for Public Relations [now CIPR] undertook a review of ROI practice in the United Kingdom (IPR/CDF 2004) and Likely, Rockland & Weiner (2006) proposed variations of ROI as alternatives to the discredited Advertising Value Equivalence (AVEs) measure of value creation, there has been little discussion other than Macnamara (2007) and Gregory and Watson (2008).
This paper gives an overview on the views of ROI in public relations literature and concepts used by agencies and providers of measurement services. It reports on survey research amongst practitioners in several European countries on identifying the economic value of public relations. The findings are compared with the concepts of ROI used in business and accounting literature (Weber and Schäffer, 2006; Drury, 2007).
Applied theory and parameters for the development of measurement and evaluation techniques are proposed. The paper concludes that the use of the term ROI in public relations needs a proper foundation in overriding management theory; otherwise PR theory and practice will discredit themselves
NRDB Filled Forms of the Baptism Records in Neckarhausen
No full textNRDB Filled Forms of the Baptism Records in Neckarhause
An initial investigation on the use of ‘Return on Investment” in public relations practice
No full text‘Return on Investment’ (ROI) is usually defined in management literature as a measure of financial effectiveness that is concerned with the returns on capital employed in business (profit-making) activities. In public relations practitioner parlance, however, ROI appears to be used in a much looser form to indicate the results of activity. This mixed method research using an online survey instrument investigated practitioner understanding of the term, primarily in the UK. These findings resulted: 1) Two-thirds of PR practitioners use the term ROI when planning and evaluating communication activity; 2) ROIs related to communication objectives (66.7%) are more widely used than financial-related ROIs (12.8%); 3) There is a clear difference in ROI practices between consultants/freelances and in-house colleagues. Nearly three-quarters of consultants and freelances (73.1%) offer an ROI formula to clients but only 26.3% of in-house practitioners have one; and 4) On the oft-discussed question of an industry-wide ROI formula, only 35.6% supported the proposition with 64.4% opposed. However, the survey also found that practitioner concepts of ROI are very narrowly expressed, mainly in relation to media outputs
Geophysical Survey of the Mt. Calvary Cemetery, Vincennes, Indiana
No full textAbstracts are made available for research purposes. To view the full report, please contact the staff of the Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology (www.gbl.indiana.edu)At the request of the Vincennes city engineer geophysical surveys were performed at the Vincennes Mt. Calvary Cemetery located at the intersection of 6th and Willow Streets. The surveys were intended to locate unmarked graves in the path of a proposed road expansion. A resistivity survey was initiated by the Glenn A. Black Laboratory based on previous success by this method in the detection of early historic cemeteries. The survey was conducted on Sept. 21, 2001 by Dr. Stephen Ball and two assistants. A Geoscan RM15 resistivity meter in a twin probe array was used for the survey. The results of this survey did not provide firm evidence for the existence of grave shafts in the study area. A Noggin 250MHz ground penetrating radar (GPR) unit was then used for another survey. A GPR survey is far preferable for the detection of subsurface graves. The GPR survey was performed by Ball and Shaffer on Oct. 3, 2001. There appear to be at least 12 graves located in the survey area. The results of the resistivity survey appear to corroborate the GPR survey. Three possible grave shafts were identified in the resistivity survey all of which correspond to locations where the GPR survey indicated graves. In conclusion, there do appear to be unmarked graves in the survey area. Any attempt to widen the road through this area should take the additional expense of grave removal into account. One could minimize the possibility of encountering graves during the road widening by restricting earth moving activities to the area formed by an arc between the metal access cover located on Willow St. to the area already impacted by the previous road building along 61st Street
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