1,721,011 research outputs found
Come un'introduzione: "Nel condominio di carne" di Valerio Magrelli: Viaggio attraverso il corpo e le proprie storie cliniche
No full textPrefazione
No full textTemi come eutanasia, testamento biologico, accanimento terapeutico, aborto, fecondazione assistita hanno da tempo valicato i confi ni degli ambiti specialistici, tecnici e legislativi, imponendosi come argomenti di attualità scottante tra l’opinione pubblica che sempre più è sollecitata ad approfondire la propria conoscenza a riguardo per esprimere un orientamento anche in campo etico e normativo. In questo volume sono raccolti gli atti di un convegno che si è proposto, con il contributo di esperti di vari settori della cultura, di approfondire, in modo interdisciplinare, la ricchezza, il senso ed il valore di alcuni termini che rappresentano i cardini su cui la discussione si impernia in relazione ai concetti di vita, morte e persona: sacro (sacralità della vita, la vita è sacra, ecc.), degno (dignità del morire, vita degna di essere vissuta, ecc.), qualità (qualità della vita) e desiderio (desiderio del paziente, desiderio della persona). La riflessione si svolge su due binari paralleli; uno linguistico, lungo il quale le parole possono essere approfondite fino alla loro natura etimologica e semantica, ed uno filosofico, legato al senso che le parole hanno nella storia etica e morale della nostra cultura
Giant aneurysms
No full textAbstract
Giant aneurysms (> 2.5 cm) represent only 5-7% of all aneurysms. Nevertheless, their management is rather difficult due to their atypical natural history and peculiar treatment. Clinical history of giant aneurysms does not differ from that of the smaller ones regarding the incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage, but it is complicated by much more neurologic deficits and by the occurrence of chronic intracranial hypertension syndrome. Diagnosis is essentially based upon CT scan and MR imaging in order to detect the morphological mass features and anatomical relationships, and upon angiography to appreciate characteristics regarding arterial flow and vascular relationships. The goal of treatment lies in the exclusion of the aneurysmal sac from the blood-stream and in the reduction of the mass effect. The treatment may be either surgical, endovascular or both. The most common surgical techniques consist in the direct occlusion of the neck of the aneurysm by means of metallic clips, or by fastening or trapping the carrier vessel or by removing the aneurysmal sac with the reconstruction of the arterial aspect when severe mass effect is detectable. The use of endovascular techniques goes for occlusion of the carrier vessel with balloons or for dynamic study of the collateral vascular districts with temporary occlusions
Meningioma and peritumoral edema segmentation of preoperative MRI brain scans
No full textThis work focuses the attention on the segmentation of meningioma and peritumoral edema from multispectral brain MR imagery. Precise tumour and edema delineation and volume quantification from preoperative MRI data contribute to formulate surgical indications in elderly patients harbouring intracranial meningioma. The authors propose a fully automatic procedure based on the allied use of Graph Cut and support vector machine. The overall strategy combines the advantages of the image-based and machine learning techniques adopted, optimising the balancing between accuracy and stability/reproducibility of the results. Experimental results, obtained by processing in-house collected data, prove that the method is robust and oriented to the use in clinical practice
Collection and fuzzy estimation of truth labels in glial tumour segmentation studies
No full textIn this work, we propose a novel behavioural comparison strategy specifically oriented to accuracy assessment in MRI glial
tumour segmentation studies. A salient aspect of the proposed strategy is the use of the fuzzy set framework in modelling
visual inspection and interpretation processes. In particular, a reference estimation strategy based on fuzzy connectedness
principles is designed to merge individual labels and produce a common segmentation. The estimation is based exclusively
on highly reliable partial information provided by experts. Interaction is then drastically limited compared with a complete
manual tracing, leaving the estimation of the complete segmentation to the fuzzy connectedness method. A set of
experiments was conceived and conducted to evaluate the contribution of the solutions proposed in the process of truth label
collection and reference data estimation. A comparison analysis was also developed to see whether our method could
constitute a worthy alternative to well-known and state-of-the-art solutions
The endoscopic diving technique in endonasal transsphenoidal surgery: how I do it
No full textThe endoscopic diving technique (EDT) is a procedure utilized in endonasal endoscopy, which consists of irrigating the surgical cavity during tumor removal, with a continuous flow of pressurized saline solution.Background: The endoscopic diving technique (EDT) is a procedure utilized in endonasal endoscopy, which consists of irrigating the surgical cavity during tumor removal, with a continuous flow of pressurized saline solution. Methods: The authors provide a detailed step-by-step description of the technique, shedding light on surgical tips and pitfalls. Advantages, disadvantages, and the most useful application of the technique are clarified and showed with a high-quality endoscopic video. Conclusion: EDT represents an effective and safe procedure. It allows a wide exploration of the surgical cavity, providing tumor hydro-dissection, assisting in bleeding control, and optimizing the efficacy of endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery
Il dottore e la faconda dottrina. Scavi alle fondamenta del linguaggio bioetico
No full textTemi come eutanasia, testamento biologico, accanimento terapeutico, aborto, fecondazione assistita hanno da tempo valicato i confi ni degli ambiti specialistici, tecnici e legislativi, imponendosi come argomenti di attualità scottante tra l’opinione pubblica che sempre più è sollecitata ad approfondire la propria conoscenza a riguardo per esprimere un orientamento anche in campo etico e normativo. In questo volume sono raccolti gli atti di un convegno che si è proposto, con il contributo di esperti di vari settori della cultura, di approfondire, in modo interdisciplinare, la ricchezza, il senso ed il valore di alcuni termini che rappresentano i cardini su cui la discussione si impernia in relazione ai concetti di vita, morte e persona: sacro (sacralità della vita, la vita è sacra, ecc.), degno (dignità del morire, vita degna di essere vissuta, ecc.), qualità (qualità della vita) e desiderio (desiderio del paziente, desiderio della persona). La riflessione si svolge su due binari paralleli; uno linguistico, lungo il quale le parole possono essere approfondite fino alla loro natura etimologica e semantica, ed uno filosofico, legato al senso che le parole hanno nella storia etica e morale della nostra cultura
Depletion of calcitonin gene-related peptide in perivascular nerves during acute phase of posthemorrhagic vasospasm in the rabbit.
No full textInfrequent hemorrhagic complications following surgical drainage of chronic subdural hematomas
Full text linkChronic subdural hematomas mainly occur amongst elderly people and usually develop after minor head injuries. In younger patients, subdural collections may be related to hypertension, coagulopathies, vascular abnormalities, and substance abuse. Different techniques can be used for the surgical treatment of symptomatic chronic subdural hematomas : single or double burr-hole evacuation, with or without subdural drainage, twist-drill craniostomies and classical craniotomies. Failure of the brain to re-expand, pneumocephalus, incomplete evacuation, and recurrence of the fluid collection are common complications following these procedures. Acute subdural hematomas may also occur. Rarely reported hemorrhagic complications include subarachnoid, intracerebral, intraventricular, and remote cerebellar hemorrhages. The causes of such uncommon complications are difficult to explain and remain poorly understood. Overdrainage and intracranial hypotension, rapid brain decompression and shift of the intracranial contents, cerebrospinal fluid loss, vascular dysregulation and impairment of venous outflow are the main mechanisms discussed in the literature. In this article we report three cases of different post-operative intracranial bleeding and review the related literature
Regulation of turnover and number of acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junctions.
No full textAbstract
The number and metabolic stability of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) at neuromuscular junctions of rat tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus (SOL) muscles were examined after denervation, paralysis by continuous application of tetrodotoxin to the nerve, or denervation and direct stimulation of the muscle through implanted electrodes. After 18 days of denervation AChR half-life declined from about 10 days to 2.3 days (TA) or 3.6 days (SOL) and after 18 days of nerve conduction block to 3.1 days (TA). In contrast, the total number of AChRs per endplate was unaffected by these treatments. Denervation for 33 days had no further effect on AChR half-life but reduced the total number of AChRs to about 54% (SOL) or 38% (TA) of normal. Direct stimulation of the 33-day denervated SOL from day 18 restored normal AChR stability and counteracted muscle atrophy but had no effect on the decline in AChR number. The results indicate that motoneurons control the stability of junctional AChRs through evoked muscle activity and the number of junctional AChRs through trophic factors
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