183,076 research outputs found
Procloeon (Procloeon) kottagudiensis Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja 2022, sp. nov.
No full textProcloeon (P.) kottagudiensis Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja sp. nov. (Figs 1–36) Type material (ZSI). Holotype: male imago (Reg.No. SRC/ ZSI-I/E 616) (reared from mature nymph), INDIA, Kottagudi stream, Kuragani, Theni District, Tamil Nadu state, 30-II- 2021, 800 m a.s.l, (10°04’576” N, 77°15’1100” E), colls. Balasubramanian & Muthukatturaja. Paratypes: 2 female imagoes (reared from mature nymph) (Reg.No. SRC/ ZSI-I/E 616) and 2 mature nymphs (Reg.No. SRC/ ZSI-I/E 617), same data as holotype, colls. Balasubramanian & Muthukatturaja. Other material examined (ZMTC). 5 male (Reg.No. ZMTC-79) and 5 female imagoes (Reg.No. ZMTC-80),, and 10 mature nymphs (Reg.No. ZMTC-81), INDIA, Kottagudi stream, Kuragani, Theni District, Tamil Nadu state, 30- II- 2021, 800 m a.s.l, (10°04’576” N, 77°15’1100” E), colls. Balasubramanian & Muthukatturaja. 15 mature nymphs (Reg.No. ZMTC-82) from Bison valley, Idukki District, Kerala state, 17-IV- 2021, 882 m a.s.l, (10°00’15” N, 77°06’42” E), colls. Balasubramanian & Muthukatturaja. 40 mature nymphs (Reg.No. ZMTC-83) from Periyavarai stream (Munnar), Idukki district, Kerala state, 29- III- 2021, 1,501 m a.s.l, (10°10’9476” N, 77°05’7512” E), colls. Balasubramanian & Muthukatturaja. Diagnosis. The larva of Procloeon (P.) kottagudiensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from congeners by the combination of the following diagnostic characters: (i) segment III of labial palp truncate, with sparse stout setae and hair-like setae on dorsal surface; (ii) abdominal tergum VIII with ca. 4 lateral spines; (iii) posterior margin of tergum I with acute spines; (iv) gill VII single without process; (v) paraproct with 7–9 acute spines. The imago of Procloeon (P.) kottagudiensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from congeners by the combination of the following diagnostic characters: (i) stigmatic area of forewing milky transparent with 8 cross-veins; (ii) longitudinal veins with single crossvein except areas of R and MA with two cross-veins, Sc with three cross-veins; (iii) hind wings approximately five times longer than wide; (iv) costal projection of hind wing located at 1/2 distance from the base, and the longitudinal veins not forked. Description. Mature Nymph (Figs. 1–3): Body length (excluding cerci) 8.5–9.5 mm in male and female nymphs; cerci 2.5–2.8 mm; median terminal filaments 2.1–2.5 mm; head width 1.0 mm; head length 0.7 mm; antenna length 1.75 mm; labrum width 0.3 mm; labrum length 0.25 mm; compound eye length 0.3 mm; compound eye width 0.25 mm; distance between compound eye 0.3 mm; length of fore femur/ tibia/ tarsi 1.3/ 0.8/ 0.8 mm; length of middle femur/ tibia/ tarsi 1.3/ 0.7/ 0.7 mm; length of hind femur/ tibia/ tarsi 1.5/ 0.7/ 0.8 mm. General body coloration light yellow to brown with dark brown markings. Head: coloration light brown; vertex with paired dark brown stripes medially.Antennae pale yellow, longer than width of head; labrum (Fig. 4) with submarginal stout setae laterally; margin of labrum with median W-shaped incision; anterior margin with row of long feathered setae and long fringed setae; right mandible (Fig. 5) with more than 7 blunt denticles on incisors; 8 denticles on prostheca and cluster of hair-like setae between prostheca and mola; left mandible (Fig. 6) with 9 blunt denticles on incisors, 8 denticles on prostheca and cluster of hair-like setae between prostheca and mola; apex of maxilla (Fig. 7) with 3 prominent dentisetae and numerous stout monopectinate setae; galea-lacinia with 2–3 long hair-like setae at surface; palp 3-segmented; segment III ca. 0.8×length of segment I, conical, and with scattered hair-like setae; lingua and superlingua of hypopharynx (Fig. 8) with hair-like setae on anterior margin; labium (Fig. 9) with V-shaped glossae slightly narrower than paraglossae, with row of stout marginal setae; paraglossae with row of stout marginal setae and few stout setae on dorsal surface; labial palp 3-segmented; segment III truncate, with sparse stout setae and hair-like setae on dorsal surface. Thorax: terga yellowish-brown; sterna white with dark brown markings near the base of legs. Legs (Fig. 10): light yellow; femur with 2 rows of stout monopectinate setae on inner margin and without stout apical setae; outer margin of femur with few hair-like setae; tibiae light brown, with 2 rows of stout setae on inner margin; tarsi light brown, with scattered hair-like setae dorsally and 2 rows of stout setae on inner margin; claws (Fig. 11) light brown, relatively long, ca. 0.37×length of tarsi, and with two rows of minute denticles progressively larger distally. Abdomen: tergum I (Fig. 20) light yellow with irregular brown markings; terga II, III and V (Fig. 21) with single triangular dark brown spot medially and irregular brown markings laterally; terga IV, VII and VIII somewhat pale; tergum VI pale brown to dark brown, with single paired distinct oblique streaks; terga (Fig. 16) with row of alternatively arranged long and small spines on posterior margin; tergum I with acute teeth on posterior margin (Fig. 20); posterior margin of tergum X straight (Fig. 19), with row of 11–13 acute spines; terga VIII and IX with ca. four and eight lateral spines respectively (Fig. 18); sterna white with brown stripes laterally (Fig. 17); sternum IX with dark brown stripe along lateral and anterior margins; paraprocts (Fig. 15) with 7–9 acute spines on distal half; Gills (Figs 12–14) pale brown with well-developed dark brown tracheae; gills I–VI bilamellate; dorsal lamella small; gill VII unilamellate. Caudal filaments: ca. 0.35×length of the body; ca. 1/2 basal part light yellow to brown and remaining distal part with dark brown bands; segments 4–6 narrow; paracercus with a row of long hair-like setae on inner and outer margins (Fig. 22); cerci with a row of long hair-like setae on inner margin (Fig. 23). Male Imago (Fig. 24): Body length (excluding cerci) 5.7–6.3 mm; cerci 11.7–12.1 mm; head width 0.8 mm; head length 0.5 mm; antenna 1ength 0.7 mm; compound eye length 0.4 mm; compound eye width 0.4 mm; distance between compound eye 0.0 mm; length of fore femur/ tibia/ tarsi 1.2/ 1.5/ 1.7 mm; length of middle femur/ tibia/ tarsi 1.1/ 0.8/ 0.8 mm; length of hind femur/ tibia/ tarsi 1.1/ 0.8/ 0.8 mm; forewing length 5.3 mm; forewing width 2.1 mm; hindwing length 0.8 mm; hindwing width 0.15 mm. General body coloration yellowish brown to pale yellow. Head: vertex pale yellow with paired dark brown stripes medially; compound eyes turbinate; dorsal eyes pale brown; ventral eyes pale grey; ocelli pale yellow; scape and pedicel of antennae paler; flagellum pale grey. Thorax: prothorax pale brown; mesothorax pale yellow, with single paired chestnut brown vertical stripes medially; sterna pale yellow (Fig. 29). Legs (Figs. 36–36): femur pale yellow, tibia and tarsi pale yellow to translucent; claws brown basally. Wings: forewings (Fig. 30) transparent, membrane hyaline and veins darker; stigmatic area milky transparent with 8 cross-veins; longitudinal veins with single crossvein except areas of R and MA with two cross-veins, Sc with three cross-veins; hindwings (Figs. 31 & 32) narrow and slender, approximately five times longer than wide, distal margin rounded, and with two longitudinal veins; apex of costal projection acute, located at 1/2 of distance from base to margin. Abdomen (Figs. 26–28): terga pale yellow to translucent; terga I–V and ½ of tergum VI translucent; terga II–X with a pale brown posterior marginal line; ½ of tergum VI and terga VII–X pale brown to pale yellow; sternal coloration as in tergum except posterior marginal line absent; pleural margins grayish in color. Genitalia (Fig. 33): forceps pale yellow to translucent, 3-segmented; segment II ca. 3×length of segment I, segment III ca. 0.6×length of segment I; posterior margin of penal plate broadly round with sparse thin setae on the surface. Cerci pale yellow to translucent, ca. 2×length of body. Female Imago (Fig. 25): Body length (excluding cerci) 5.5–6.0 mm; cerci 13.0– 13.3 mm; head width 0.6 mm; head length 0.4 mm; antennae 1ength 0.9 mm; compound eye length 0.3 mm; compound eye width 0.25 mm; distance between compound eye 0.1 mm; length of fore femur/ tibia/ tarsi 1.1/ 0.8/ 0.8 mm; length of middle femur/ tibia/ tarsi 0.9/ 0.6/ 0.6 mm; length of hind femur/ tibia/ tarsi 0.9/ 0.6/ 0.6 mm; forewing length 5.3 mm; forewing width 2.1 mm; hindwing length 0.8 mm; hindwing width 0.15 mm. General body coloration yellowish brown to pale yellow. Head: vertex pale yellow with paired dark brown stripes medially; compound eyes black; ocelli pale yellow; scape and pedicel of antennae paler; flagellum pale grey. Thorax: prothorax pale brown; mesothorax pale yellow, with single paired chestnut brown vertical stripes medially; sterna pale yellow. Legs: coloration as in male imago. Wings: coloration and venation as in male imago. Abdomen: terga pale yellow to translucent; terga I–VI pale yellow; terga II–X with a pale brown posterior marginal line; tergum VII paler; terga VIII–X pale brown to pale yellow; sternal coloration as in terga except posterior marginal line absent; pleural margins grayish in color. Cerci pale yellow to translucent, ca. 2.2×length of body. Etymology. The new species P. (P.) kottagudiensis is named after the type locality, Kottagudi stream, Theni District, where the new species was collected. Distribution. Cardamom Hills, Western Ghats, India. Habitat. The larvae of Procloeon (P.) kottagudiensis sp. nov. were collected from the pool areas of slow-flowing permanent streams with abundant fallen leaves, marginal roots and macrophytes. Water and air temperatures of the collection site were 23.6 and 26.5ºC respectively (at the time of sampling). The current velocity was approximately 0.1–0.3 m /s. Water depth ranged 10–25 cm. The substratum was composed of mainly boulders, cobbles, pebbles and a significant level of sand and silt.Published as part of Muthukatturaja, Marimuthu & Balasubramanian, Chellaiah, 2022, A new record and new species of Procloeon (Procloeon) Bengtsson, 1915 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from the Western Ghats, peninsular India, pp. 321-330 in Zootaxa 5094 (2) on pages 322-328, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5094.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/596528
Caenis maduraiensis Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja 2021, new species
No full text<i>Caenis maduraiensis</i> Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja, new species <p>(Figs. 1–3, 5–30)</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> Holotype (in ethanol): male imago (reared from nymph) (Reg.No. SRC/ ZSI-I/E 469) from India, Vandiyur pond, Madurai district, Tamil Nadu state, 9.viii. 2019, 124 m, 09°54’51” N, 78°10’52” E, Balasubramanian & Muthukatturaja Cols. Paratypes (in ethanol): one female imago (reared from nymph) (Reg.No. SRC/ ZSI-I/E 470) and 5 mature nymphs (Reg.No. SRC/ ZSI-I/E 471), same data as holotype. Balasubramanian & Muthukatturaja Cols.</p> <p> <b>Additional material (ZMTC).</b> 156 male imago (reared from nymph), 254 female imago (reared from nymph) and 245 mature nymphs, India, Vandiyur pond, Madurai district, Tamil Nadu state, 19.viii. 2019, 124 m, 09°54’51” N, 78°10’52” E, Balasubramanian & Muthukatturaja Cols.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>Caenis maduraiensis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>: Nymph: (i) anterior margin of labrum with row of long bipectinate setae laterally and a group of highly fringed setae behind emargination; (ii) fore femora with transverse row of bifid spines; middle and hind femora with sparse bifid spines; (iii) hind claw long, slender and hooked with row of denticles; (iv) abdominal tergum II with pointed medial projection and pointed teeth on the posterior margin. Imago: (i) prosternal triangle with slightly concave sides, tip acutely pointed; (ii) tarsomere I extremely short; (iii) tarsomere II apically with tongue-shaped projections on single side; (iv) apical part of forceps narrowed to the tip, with a long apical spine, and few trichomes on surface; (v) cross veins of forewing arranged singly except in R 1 and R 4; (vi) MP forked at near 1/3 of distance from base to margin; (vii) fore tibia two times longer than femur and (viii) female subanal plate apically truncated.</p> <p> <b>Mature nymph</b> (in 95% ethanol) (Figs. 1, 5–19): Body length (excluding cerci) 3.1–3.4 mm; cerci length 3.5–4.0 mm; median caudal filament 4.2–4.5 mm; length of head 0.4 mm; width of head 0.7 mm; antennae length 1.3 mm; length of fore femora/ tibia/ tarsi/ claw (mm) 0.7/0.5/0.3/0.2; length of middle femora/ tibia/ tarsi/ claw (mm) 0.6/0.37/0.25/0.18 and length of femora/ tibia/ tarsi/ claw (mm) viz., 0.65/0.6/0.4/0.15. General body coloration yellowish brown dorsally and pale ventrally, mature specimens generally paler; legs pale brown. Head brownish yellow; scape and pedicel of antennae pale brown without hairs, flagellum translucent; labrum (Fig. 5) broadly emarginated, dorsum with long setae, anterior margin with row of bipectinate setae longer laterally and a group of highly fringed setae behind emargination; mandibles (Figs. 6, 7) with broad incisors, outer margin of mandibles with long thin setae, left mandible with 7 thin setae below the molar, with elevated hump between prostheca and molar; maxillae (Figs. 8, 9) with 3 prominent teeth on galea–lacinia, ventral base of inner margin of galea with tuft of thin setae, distal portion of cardo with cluster of bipectinate stout setae, maxillary palp 3 segmented, segment I broad, segment I and II subequal in length, segment III longer, inner margin of segment III with row of 13 bipectinate setae; hypopharynx (Fig. 10): anterior margin of lingua with long setae, superlingua with small hair-like setae at anterior margin; labium with glossae (Fig. 11) ovate with stout spines at outer margin, mesal margin of glossae with thin setae, inner and outer margin of paraglossae with thin spines directed anteriorly, labial palp 3 segmented, segment II slightly longer than segment I, segment III short; outer margin of segment II with stout spines, outer margin of segment I with row of bipectinate setae, segment III triangular with 2 rows of stout setae ventrally, inner margin of segment III with row of stout spines. Thorax brownish yellow; lateral margins of pronotum convex, anterolateral margins with pair of spine-like setae and wider than posterolateral margins. <i>Legs</i> pale brown covered with scales, tibiae and tarsi light pale. Foreleg (Fig. 12): trochanter with transversal row of stout spines; outer margin of femur with few setae and spines, near ½ of dorsal surface with transversal row of bifid spines, inner margin with few stout spines, ¼ of dorsal surface with few long hairs; tibia with 3 bifid spines at mesal margin, inner distal margin with long bipectinate setae; few long hairs on tibia; tarsi with row of stout spines on inner margin, mesal margin with bipectinate spine; few long hairs on tarsi; claw long, slender and slightly hooked. Middle leg (Fig. 13): trochanter with two bifid spines; outer margin of femora with long spines, ½ of inner margin with stout spines and remainder with bifid spines, dorsal surface with sparse bifid spines; inner margin of tibia with row of stout spines; ½ of tarsi with short bipectinate setae at mesal margin, claw long, slender and slightly hooked. Hindleg (Fig. 14): trochanter with bifid spine; inner and outer margin of femur with long spines, ½ of dorsal surface with few bifid spines; inner margin of tibia with row of stout spines, outer margin with thin setae; tarsi similar to midleg; claw (Fig. 15) long, slender and hooked with row of denticles. Abdomen. Terga VII–X yellowish brown; tergum II with pointed medial projection and pointed teeth on the posterior margin; posterior margin of terga VII–IX with row of long setae; abdominal sterna III–IX pale brown. Gills (Figs. 16–19): pale brown; gill I (Fig. 16) 2-segmented, distal segment 4 times longer than proximal segment; gill II (Fig. 17) brown, covered with scales; margins evenly covered with long setae, inner margin with row of fringed setae; gills 3–6 (Figs. 18, 19) roughly triangular and with more than 15 multifid fimbriae with more than 2 branches; pigmented areas of the gill surface alternating with non-pigmented transparent tracheae. Cerci pale brown with whorls of setae in each segment.</p> <p> <b>Male Imago</b> (in alcohol) (Figs. 2, 20–27): body length, 2.2–2.5 mm; cerci length, 8.8–9.1 mm; terminal filament, 9.6–9.9 mm; length of head 0.15 mm, width of head 0.5 mm; length of antenna 0.5 mm; length of forewing 1.85–2.05 mm; width of forewing 1.0– 1.3 mm; dorsal diameter of eye 0.1 mm; distance between compound eyes 0.125 mm; length of segments in foreleg femur/ tibia/ tarsus (mm): 0.45/0.9/0.6; length of tarsal segments 1 to 5 (mm): 0.03/0.28/0.12/0.11/0.06. Head (Fig. 20) pale brown, anterior margin and area around antennal base pale brown; scape and pedicel of antennae pale brown, flagellum translucent. Thorax yellowish brown; prosternal triangle with slightly concave sides, tip acutely pointed (Fig. 21). Legs: foreleg (Fig. 23–25) pale brown, middle and hindleg translucent; fore femur brown, tibia washed brown and two times longer than femur; tarsomere I extremely short; tarsomere II apically with tongue-shaped projections on single side; tarsomeres II–IV provided with short spines (Figs. 24–25); segment V short. Wings: Forewings (Fig. 22) oval, with few cross veins; cross veins arranged singly except in R 1 and R 4; two cross veins at near ½ of R; MP forked at near 1/3 from base; CuA not forked. Veins C and Sc brown basally and washed brown distally, remaining veins translucent.Abdomen: tergum I–VI pale brown remaining terga translucent; sterna whitish. Genitalia (Fig. 26) pale brown, penis lobes completely fused and produced laterally; styliger sclerite broad with short apophyses; forceps slender, apical part narrowed to the tip, with a long apical spine, and many trichomes on surface (Fig. 27); cerci and terminal filament translucent with whorls of setae in each segment.</p> <p> <b>Female Imago</b> (in alcohol) (Figs. 3, 28–30): body length, 4.3–4.6 mm; cerci length, 3.2–3.5 mm; terminal filament, 4.0– 4.3 mm; length of head, 0.3 mm, width of head, 0.8 mm; length of antenna, 0.6 mm; length of forewing, 3.2–3.5 mm; width of forewing, 1.4–1.7 mm; distance between compound eyes, 0.58 mm; dorsal diameter of eye, 0.12 mm; length of segments in foreleg femur/tibia/tarsus (mm): 0.52/0.73/0.63; length of tarsal segments (mm): 0.035/0.35/0.12/0.15/0.075. Head (Fig. 28) pale brown; anterior margin and area around antennal base pale brown; scape and pedicel of antennae pale brown, flagellum translucent. Thorax yellowish brown; prosternal triangle with concave sides, tip acutely pointed (Fig. 29). Legs: foreleg pale brown remainders translucent; tarsomere II much longer than others. Wings: veins C and Sc brown basally and washed brown distally, remaining veins translucent. Abdomen: terga I–VI pale brown remaining terga translucent; sterna whitish; cerci and median terminal filament translucent; posterior margin of sternum IX truncated (Fig. 30).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The species name <i>maduraiensis</i> refers to the locality, Madurai, Tamil Nadu where the new species was collected.</p>Published as part of <i>Muthukatturaja, Marimuthu & Balasubramanian, Chellaiah, 2021, A new species of Caenis Stephens, 1835 (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) from Tamil Nadu, Southern India, pp. 366-372 in Zootaxa 4980 (2)</i> on pages 367-371, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4980.2.7, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4889226">http://zenodo.org/record/4889226</a>
A Catalogue of Copper Plate Grants, 1918-2010
No full textSridhar, T. S., and Balasubramanian, R. (2011). A Catalogue of Copper Plate Grants, 1918-2010. Chennai: Commissioner of Museums, Government Museum
Complexity of Coverability in Depth-Bounded Processes
No full textWe consider the class of depth-bounded processes in π-calculus. These processes are the most expressive fragment of π-calculus, for which verification problems are known to be decidable. The decidability of the coverability problem for this class has been achieved by means of well-quasi orders. (Meyer, IFIP TCS 2008; Wies, Zufferey and Henzinger, FoSSaCS 2010). However, the precise complexity of this problem has not been known so far, with only a known EXPSPACE-lower bound.
In this paper, we prove that coverability for depth-bounded processes is _ε₀-complete, where _ε₀ is a class in the fast-growing hierarchy of complexity classes. This solves an open problem mentioned by Haase, Schmitz, and Schnoebelen (LMCS, Vol 10, Issue 4) and also addresses a question raised by Wies, Zufferey and Henzinger (FoSSaCS 2010)
Die Zukunft der Telematik bei Mercedes-Benz
No full textProf. Bharat Balasubramanian | Direktor R&D Internationalisierung, Konzerforschung & Mercedes-Benz Cars Entwicklung Daimler A
Complexity of Coverability in Bounded Path Broadcast Networks
No full textBroadcast networks are a formalism of distributed computation that allow one to model networks of identical nodes communicating through message broadcasts over a communication topology that does not change over the course of executions. The parameterized verification problem for these networks amounts to proving correctness of a property for any number of nodes, and on all executions. Dually speaking, this problem asks for the existence of an execution of the broadcast network that violates a given property. One specific instance of parameterized verification is the coverability problem which asks whether there is an execution of the network in which some node reaches a given state of the broadcast protocol. This problem was proven to be undecidable by Delzanno, Sangnier and Zavattaro (CONCUR 2010). In the same paper, the authors also prove that, if we additionally assume that the underlying communication topology has a bound on the longest path, then the coverability problem becomes decidable.
In this paper, we provide complexity results for the above problem and prove that the coverability problem for bounded-path topologies is _ε₀-complete, where _ε₀ is a class in the fast-growing hierarchy of complexity classes. This solves an open problem of Hasse, Schmitz and Schnoebelen (LMCS, Vol 10, Issue 4)
Parameterized Complexity of Safety of Threshold Automata
No full textThreshold automata are a formalism for modeling fault-tolerant distributed algorithms. In this paper, we study the parameterized complexity of reachability of threshold automata. As a first result, we show that the problem becomes W[1]-hard even when parameterized by parameters which are quite small in practice. We then consider two restricted cases which arise in practice and provide fixed-parameter tractable algorithms for both these cases. Finally, we report on experimental results conducted on some protocols taken from the literature
Hardy-Littlewood first approximation theorem for quasi -functions
No full textThe object of the present note (which is an addendum to [R. Balasubramanian and K. Ramachandra, Indian J. Pure Appl. Math. 18 (1987), no. 9, 790--793]) is to make a few remarks on the results and prove that a certain quasi -function is uniformly convergent in any compact subset, and that it can be continued as an entire function
Clypeocaenis kaveri Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja 2021, sp. nov.
No full textClypeocaenis kaveri Balasubramanian and Muthukatturaja, sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 5–18) Materials examined. Holotype (in ethanol): male imago [ZSI/SRC-I/E 493], India, river Kaveri, Napoklu, Kodagu district, Karnataka state, 19-V- 2019, 872 m (12.3140985 °N, 75.6983046 °E), collected by Balasubramanian & Muthukatturaja. Paratypes (in ethanol): 3 female imagoes [ZSI/SRC-I/E 494] and 3 mature nymphs [ZSI/SRC-I/E 495], same data as holotype, deposited in Zoological Survey of India, Southern Regional Centre, Chennai. Description. Mature Nymph (preserved in 90% ethanol) Dimensions (mm): body length (excluding cerci), 3.5; cerci length, 2.1; median caudal filament, 2.5; width of head, 0.4; antennae length, 1.2. General body coloration washed yellow dorsally and pale yellow ventrally, young specimens generally paler; legs pale yellow. Head (Fig. 1): length, 0.35 mm, pale yellow; eyes black; ocelli with apical half white, basal half black; antennae yellow transparent distally; pedicel with 4 setae; epicranial suture paler; two long setae with hairs on posterior margin of clypeal protrusion. Labrum (Fig. 5): emargination without setae, anterior margin with row of long setae and few short thin setae, dorsum of labrum with row of long thin setae near mesal margin. Outer incisors of mandibles (Fig. 6a, b) five-forked; 7 long thin setae present below molar; 1/2 of basal part of mandible with dense scales. Maxillary palp (Fig. 7) two segmented with protuberance, segment II two times longer than segment I, apical 1/2 of segment II covered with long thin setae; outer margin of segment I with row of 5 stout setae and inner margin with 2 setae; galea with prominent thick denticle and few thin spines; ventral base of galea-lacinia with row of few thin setae; apex of galea-lacinia with clump of hair like long setae. Hypopharynx (Fig. 8): apical margin of sub lingua covered with hair like setae and lingua with very short spines at apical margin. Labium (Fig. 9): glossae rounded, paraglossae covered with thin setae, three segmented labial palp, segment III much longer than segments I & II, two rows of stout spine at inner margin of segment III, segment I with row of 7 stout spines at outer margin. Thorax: Pronotum pale yellow, margins pale brown; anterolaterally produced. Mesonotum pale yellow with black smudges between wing pads. Legs: evenly covered with scales, pale yellow. Foreleg (Fig. 10): length ratio of femora; tibia; tarsi; claw viz., 0.45/ 0.4/ 0.35/ 0.11. Coxa with few thin setae on surface; trochanter with row of setae at outer margin; femur with 4 long spines at middle of inner margin and row of bifid spines at outer margin and subapical surface; tibia with four rows of filtering setae, two rows on lateral and ventral margins, inner margin with row of stout spines and 9 long thin setae; inner margin of tarsi with row of stout spines and row of long thin setae on lateral margin; claw hooked with 6 denticles. Midleg (Fig. 11): length ratio of femora; tibia; tarsi; claw viz., 0.4/ 0.3/ 0.25/ 0.11. Coxa and trochanter similar to foreleg except row of setae at outer margin; dorsal surface of femur with sparse bifid spines and few bifid spines at ½ of outer margin; inner margin of tibia with row of bifid and stout spines; tarsi with row of monopectinate setae on inner margin; claw long, slender and hooked with 8 denticles. Hindleg (Fig. 12): length of femora; tibia; tarsi; claw viz.,.06/ 0.45/ 0.4/ 0.15 mm. Coxa and trochanter similar to midleg; outer margin of femur with few long and stout bifid spines; tibia with row of few bifid spines at inner and outer margins; inner margin with row of stout spines and row of few bipectinate spines at mesal margin; inner margin of tarsi with row of monopectinate spines; claw hooked with 8 denticles. Abdomen: pale yellow; tergum II (Fig. 17) with upright and backwardly curved, long, medial projection; terga VI–IX with blunt postero lateral projections; tergum VII (Fig. 18) with bifid spines on posterior margin; terga with small scales on surface. Sterna whitish yellow. Gills (Fig. 13–16): gill I bluntly pointed with segment I broadened apically and segment II five times longer than segment I; tracheated gill cover (Fig. 14) pale yellow, evenly covered with scales and inner margin with row of thin setae, posterior margin with small bifid spines; gill III–VI triangular and lamellate; gill III with fringed trifid fimbiriae at apex, outer margin with row of bifid fimbiriae, surface of lamella with sparse lanceolate setae; gill VI with 8 bifid fimbiriae and few lanceolate setae on inner and outer margin of lamella. Cerci translucent; whorls of setae on each segment. Male imago (Figs. 3, 19–21) (in alcohol). Dimensions (in mm): body length, 2.3; cerci length, 5.2; median caudal filament, 5.8; length of antenna, 0.4; length of forewing, 3.9; width of forewing, 1.6. Head (Fig. 3) brownish yellow, length 0.3 mm, width 0.6 mm; anterior margin and area around antennal base pale brown; scape and pedicel of antennae yellowish brown, flagellum pale yellow; dorsal diameter of eye 0.085 mm; distance between compound eyes 0.3 mm; eyes black; ocelli with apical half white, basal half black. Thorax uniformly yellowish brown, lateral margins brown. Legs translucent; length ratio of segments in foreleg (Fig. 20) femur/ tibia/ tarsus (mm) viz., 0.4/ 0.55/ 0.33; length ratio of tarsal segments viz., 0.04/ 0.13/ 0.06/ 0.06/ 0.04. Wing: Forewings (Fig. 19) oval, with few cross veins arranged singly except proximal half of R; C and Sc brown, remainders translucent; base of R 4+5 not connected with R; absence of fork at CuP; vein MP forked at 1/3 distance from base to margin; absence of cross vein at anal region. Abdomen: tergum translucent; terga VII–IX pale; sterna pale. Genitalia (Fig. 21) pale, forceps 0.01 mm, penis 0.13 mm; penis lobes completely fused and not produced laterally; absence of short bristles on posterior margin of penis lobe; forceps each composed of one segment with small bristles on surface; forceps smaller than penis lobe; cerci and median caudal filament translucent. Female imago (in alcohol). Dimensions (in mm): body length, 3.4; cerci length, 3.8; median caudal filament, 4.0; length of antenna, 0.32; length of forewing, 3.6; width of forewing, 1.8. Head brownish yellow, length 0.2 mm, width 0.5 mm; anterior margin and area around antennal base pale brown to yellow; scape and pedicel of antennae pale brown, flagellum translucent; distance between compound eyes 0.4 mm; dorsal diameter of eye 0.1 mm; eyes black; ocelli with apical half white, basal half black. Thorax yellowish brown, lateral margins brown. Legs: foreleg pale brown to translucent, midleg and hindleg translucent; length ratio of segments in foreleg femur/ tibia/ tarsus (mm) viz., 0.4/ 0.6/ 0.3; length of tarsal segments (mm) viz., 0.03/ 0.12/ 0.06/ 0.05/ 0.04. Wing: C and Sc brown; remainders translucent; other details as in male imago. Abdomen: tergum pale yellow to translucent; terga II–IX with brown markings medially; sterna pale; cerci and median caudal filament translucent. Diagnoses. Nymph: (i) fore femur with 4 long spines at middle of inner margin and row of bifid spines on outer margin; (ii) dorsal surface of mid femur with sparse bifid spines and few bifid spines at ½ of outer margin; inner margin of tibia with row of bifid and stout spines; (iii) outer margin of hind femur with few long and stout bifid spines; tibia with row of few bifid spines on inner and outer margins; (iv) posterior margins of gill covers with small bifid spines; (v) gill III with fringed trifid fimbiriae at apex, outer margin with row of bifid fimbiriae, surface of lamella with sparse lanceolate setae. Imago, male: (i) base of R 4+5 not connected with R; (ii) vein MP forked at 1/3 distance from base to margin; (iii) absence of cross vein in anal region; (iv) forceps smaller than penis lobe. The new species of C. kaveri sp. nov. is closely related to C. gayathri; each have a slightly protruded clypeus. However, the nymph of Clypeocaenis kaveri sp. nov. can be distinguished from C. gayathri by the following combination of characters: (i) pedicel thrice as long as scape; (ii) segment I of labial palp with 7 stout spines at outer margin; (iii) presence of four longer setae on ventral margin of fore femur and outer margin with row of bifid spines; (iv) tibiae of middle and hind legs each with row of bifid spines at inner margin; (v) 9 short bifid bristles on the ridge near anterior margin of gill cover; (vi) gill VI with 8 bifurcated fimbiriae; and (vii) claws with 6–9 denticles. Etymology. The species name kaveri refers to the river name, Kaveri, Kodagu district, Karnataka, where the new species was collected.Published as part of Balasubramanian, Chelliah & Muthukatturaja, Marimuthu, 2021, Two additional new species of Clypeocaenis Soldán, 1978 (Ephemeroptera Caenidae) from the Western Ghats of Peninsular India, pp. 377-388 in Zootaxa 4915 (3) on pages 378-383, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4915.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/445656
Hardy-Littlewood first approximation theorem for quasi -functions
No full textInternational audienceThe object of the present note (which is an addendum to [R. Balasubramanian and K. Ramachandra, Indian J. Pure Appl. Math. 18 (1987), no. 9, 790--793]) is to make a few remarks on the results and prove that a certain quasi -function is uniformly convergent in any compact subset, and that it can be continued as an entire function
- …
