1,720,981 research outputs found
Can the psychopathology specific to substance use disorder distinguish between recreational cocaine use and cocaine addiction?
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Does Dual Diagnosis Affect Violence and Moderate/Superficial Self-harm in Heroin Addiction at Treatment Entry?
No full textQuality of life differential changes from psychopathological episodes through recovery in Heroin Addiction
No full textClinical presentations of substance abuse in bipolar heroin addicts at time of treatment entry.
No full textBACKGROUND:
Studies on the 'self-medication hypothesis' have focused on substance abuse as an attempt to alleviate emotional suffering.
METHODS:
We have investigated concomitant substances of abuse in 150 bipolar heroin addicts clustered according to their clinical presentation at treatment entry (depressive episode, hypomanic episode, manic episode and mixed episode). Bipolar heroin addicted patients were chosen because they tend to have a concomitant poly-substance abuse and because, as compared with patients suffering for other mental illnesses, they more clearly reveal a variety of identifiable affective states.
RESULTS:
Patients with a depressive episode more frequently used non-prescribed anxiolytic-hypnotics. They were found to use cocaine-amphetamines more frequently during a hypomanic episode, whereas the use of cannabis and cocaine-amphetamines occurred more frequently during a manic episode. The associated use of alcohol, cocaine-amphetamines and cannabinoids was more frequently encountered during a mixed episode. Limitations: apart from the difficulty in determining whether the substance use modifies the mood or the mood state determines the substance used, this is a report on a retrospective analysis, rather than a study specifically designed to elucidate the issue; in addition, no information was available on the temperament of our subjects. Assessments of the same subject in various clinical presentations would have provided a better level of information.
CONCLUSIONS:
Besides one expected result - the prominent use of CNS stimulants during a depressive phase of bipolar patients - this study supports the hypothesis that mood elation is a pleasurable, rewarding experience that, in bipolar patients, can be started or prolonged by means of CNS stimulant drugs. Stimulant use was, therefore, more prevalent during the 'up' rather than the 'down' phase of the illnes
Neuropsychological deficits in young drug addicts
Full text linkBackground: Adolescence is a highly vulnerable age for experimenting with drugs; increasing evidence attests that
several substances might have detrimental effects on cognitive functioning in this developmental phase, when prefrontal
brain areas are still immature and may actually be the main target of the neurotoxic effects of drugs. There are still, in any
case, too few studies that specifically address early adulthood. Aim: The present study aims to investigate neuropsychological
performance in young drug addicts in residential treatment (aged 18-24). Methods: 41 young drug addicts, after
admission to residential treatment, were compared with 27 subjects in the control group. A battery of neuropsychological
tests (Brief Neuropsychological Exam-2) was administered to detect possible cognitive impairments. Descriptive and
non-parametric statistics (Pearson’s chi square test) were performed. Results and conclusions: Findings suggest that
drug dependence in youth is distinguished by neuropsychological deficits, in particular, attention and executive function
impairments – issues that now call for tailored and innovative treatment approaches
The long-term outcomes of heroin dependent-treatment-resistant patients with bipolar 1 comorbidity after admission to enhanced methadone maintenance.
No full textDiscriminant and convergent validity of TEMPS-A[P]. Correlation with Occupational Personality Questionnaire (OPQ32) during a stressful situation.
No full textBACKGROUND:
The Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Questionnaire (TEMPS) has, in its self and rater-wise evaluation form, been designed to evaluate temperamental characteristics in clinical and non-clinical populations.
METHODS:
In this study we aim to extend the field of correlations of TEMPS to include the Occupational Personality Questionnaire, ipsative version (OPQ32i). These correlations, if present, could provide a partial contribute to the validation process of TEMPS, currently in progress in various countries. OPQ32 is a self-report personality questionnaire designed to give information on an individual's preferred behavior, as assessed in terms of a number of work-related characteristics. In 921 applicants, who were competing to become cadets in the Italian Navy, we assessed, during the entrance examination, the correlations between TEMPS-A[P] and OPQ32i.
RESULTS:
Depressive temperament implies a low level of ability to relate to others; hyperthymic temperament implies high levels of feelings and emotions, and the capability to relate to people; cyclothymic temperament appears to be distinguished by creativity and a low level of relationships with others; irritable temperament partly overlaps with cyclothymic temperament, the main difference being the higher level of energy and the lower level of empathy of irritable subjects.
CONCLUSIONS:
The four affective temperaments, in our sample, proved to significantly differ in the work capacity features measured by OPQ32 factors. These observed correlations between the two tests partially contributes to the ongoing validation process of TEMPS-A[P]. From a personality standpoint this study further supports the hypothesis that temperaments belong to the realm of normality rather than that of pathology, in line with their putative adaptive role
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