16,768 research outputs found
DN-NCOR activates viral transcription.
No full text(A) RTS3b cells were transfected with the pSG-DN-NCoR plasmid and stained for DN-NCoR expression using an anti-Flag antibody by indirect immunofluorescence. DAPI was used to identify cell nuclei. (B) RTS3b cells were transfected with the reporter plasmid pC18-Sp1-luc (100ng) and expression vectors for HPV31 E8^E2C, E8^E2C KWK mt (10 ng) and DN-NCoR as indicated and pCMV-Gluc as a transfection control: Data are derived from three independent transfection experiments carried out in duplicate and are presented relative to pC18-Sp1-luc/empty vector. Error bars indicate the SEM. (C) SCC13 cells were transfected with 1.3μg each of HPV16 wt, HPV16 E8 KWK mt, HPV31 wt or HPV31 E8 KWK mt genomes and 0.5μg of the empty vector (vec) or pSG DN-NCoR plasmid. RNA was analyzed by qPCR using E1^E4 and PGK1 primers. Data are derived from five independent experiments and are presented relative to HPV wt/empty vector (vec). Error bars represent the SEM and statistical significance was tested by 1way ANOVA and Bonferroni´s multiple comparison test as a post test (*p<0.05; **p<0.01).</p
DN-NCoR activates HPV31 genome replication.
No full textSCC13 cells were co-transfected with 4μg religated HPV31 wt or E8 KWK mt genomes and 1.5μg of the empty vector pSG5 (-) or the pSG DN-NCoR plasmid. (A) Low-molecular weight DNA was isolated 72 p.t. and analyzed by Southern blotting after DpnI digestion to remove non-replicated genomes (non-rep.). M indicates 100 pg of a linearized HPV31 genome. (B) The graph shows data derived from four independent experiments which are presented relative to HPV wt/empty vector (vec). Error bars represent the SEM and statistical significance was tested by a paired Student´s t-test (*p<0.05).</p
DN B cells do not proliferate.
No full textNaïve and DN B cells were sorted from the peripheral blood of 4 young (white symbols) and 8 elderly (black symbols) individuals. Sorted cells were stimulated with CpG and anti-Ig antibodies, together with IL-4. Proliferation of sorted B cell subsets was measured after 2 day stimulation by 3H-Thymidine incorporation. Mean comparisons between groups were performed by one-way ANOVA. ****p<0.0001, ns: not significant.</p
DN-HCC appearing as Type B pattern.
No full text<p>(a) Transverse arterial phase image demonstrates an intense enhancing inner nodule (arrow) and no enhancing outer nodule in segment VIII (open arrow). (b) On SWI, the inner nodule appeared as hyperintensity (arrow) and outer nodule appeared as hypointensity (open arrow) with multiple siderotic nodules in background liver. The nodule was chracterized as type B pattern (nodule-in-nodule). (c) The nodule was confirmed as DN-HCC by surgery pathology. Photomicrography of Prussian blue staining slide demonstrates iron-free HCC foci and siderotic noncancerous DN tissue scored as 4 (×50).</p
Clinical effects of polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column in septic patients
No full textEndotoxin is one of the principal biological substances that cause gram-negative septic shock. Lack of clinical success with antiendotoxin or anticytokine therapy has shifted interest to extracorporeal therapies to reduce circulating levels of the mediators of sepsis. Direct hemoperfusion with polymyxin-B-immobilized fiber (PMX-F) is a promising treatment of gram-negative sepsis in critically ill patients. Because of the high affinity of polymyxin B for endotoxin, the rationale underlying extracorporeal therapy would be to remove circulating endotoxin by adsorption, thus preventing progression of the biological cascade of sepsis. In a systematic review of 28 studies (pooled sample size 1,390 patients), the preliminary results of which are described here, PMX-F therapy appeared to significantly tower endotoxin levels, improve blood pressure, and reduce mortality. However, publication bias and lack of blinding need to be considered. These encouraging results need to be verified with large-scale controlled clinical trials. (C) Copyright C 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel
DN B cells from elderly individuals express high levels of T-bet mRNA and protein.
No full textB cells from elderly individuals (n = 6) were membrane stained, ic stained to detect T-bet protein and then hybridized with T-bet probe to detect T-bet mRNA. Results show mRNA (A) and protein (B) expression of T-bet in naïve B cells (CD19+IgD+CD27-, top) versus DN B cells (CD19+IgD-CD27-, bottom). C. Results show expression of membrane CD95, CD21 and CD11c markers in naïve B cells (CD19+IgD+CD27-, top) versus DN B cells (CD19+IgD-CD27-, bottom). Events are first gated on naïve/DN B cells, positive for T-bet (mRNA and protein) and then gated on CD95highCD21low. Mean comparisons between groups were performed by paired Student’s t test (two-tailed). **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001.</p
DN B cells make anti-self-specific autoimmune antibodies.
No full textNaïve and DN B cells were sorted from the peripheral blood of 4 young (white symbols) and 8 elderly (black symbols) individuals. Sorted cells were left unstimulated for 10 days to evaluate by ELISA the presence of anti-dsDNA antibodies (A), anti-MDA antibodies (B), and anti-SAT antibodies (C) in culture supernatants. Mean comparisons between groups were performed by one-way ANOVA. ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001, ns: not significant.</p
IgD−CD27− double negative (DN) B cells: Origins and functions in health and disease
No full textHuman B cells can be divided into four main subsets based on differential expression of immunoglobulin (Ig)D
and CD27. IgD CD27 double negative (DN) B cells make up a heterogeneous group of B cells that have first
been described in relation to aging and systemic lupus erythematosus but have been mostly disregarded in B cell
research. Over the last few years, DN B cells have gained a lot of interest because of their involvement in
autoimmune and infectious diseases. DN B cells can be divided into different subsets that originate via different
developmental processes and have different functional properties. Further research into the origin and function
of different DN subsets is needed to better understand the role of these B cells in normal immune responses and
how they could be targeted in specific pathologies. In this review, we give an overview of both phenotypic and
functional properties of DN B cells and provide insight into the currently proposed origins of DN B cells.
Moreover, their involvement in normal aging and different pathologies is discusseThis work was supported by Hasselt University, Belgium and the Belgian Charcot Foundation. Fig. 1 was created with BioRender.co
A comparison of the D-net and B-net DN estimates for the spam emails dataset.
No full text(a) The Bayesian DN for the spam emails dataset. (b) The iterative-shrinkage DN for the spam emails dataset.</p
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