9 research outputs found
Identification and management of Bipolaris sorokiniana in wheat and barley in Southeast Kazakhstan
No full textAbstract Wheat and barley serve as significant nutrient-rich staples that are extensively grown on a global scale, spanning over 219 million hectares. The annual combined global yield is 760.9 million tons, with Kazakhstan contributing 14.3 million tons of wheat and 3.83 million tons of barley to this total. The productivity of grain crops has declined annually due to fungal disease, especially root and crown rot caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana and Fusarium spp. Research has focused on pinpointing the pathogens responsible for common root rot in various types of wheat and barley grown in Southeast Kazakhstan. The main goal was to examine the efficacy of certain chemical and biological substances in safeguarding barley seedlings during the early growth stage against root rot root rot. Moreover, this study sought to gauge their effects on seed quality by examining aspects such as germination rates, the colonization of seeds by particular fungal pathogens, and the overall vitality of seeds and seedlings. Visual inspection of the plants revealed that the prevalence of B. sorokiniana was an average of 51.8%, and that of Fusarium species was 58.6%. Three isolates were obtained from the roots of the winter wheat promising line 231, three from the spring wheat roots of the Kazakh variety 10, four from the winter wheat variety Steklovidnaya variety 24, fourteen from the spring barley variety Symbat, and fourteen from the winter barley variety Aidyn variety 2. The external spread of common root rot on spring wheat and spring barley varieties reached 50% and 53%, respectively. Promising line 231 of winter wheat and variety Kazakh 10 of spring barley were affected by the disease by 60%, whereas the winter wheat Steklovidnaya 24 was impacted by 67%. Molecular analysis of B. sorokiniana isolates via species-specific primers (COSA_F/COSA_R) from infected plant tissues confirmed their identification. Koch postulates were fulfilled for B. sorokiniana isolates Kz 48, 60, and 82 on Steklovidnaya 24 winter wheat and Symbat spring barley varieties. Biological products such as Phytosporin-M and Sporobacterin-Rassada significantly reduced the level of fungal infection, confirming their potential as environmentally safe plant protection agents
Identification and management of Bipolaris sorokiniana in wheat and barley in Southeast Kazakhstan
No full textWheat and barley serve as significant nutrient-rich staples that are extensively grown on a global scale, spanning over 219 million hectares. The annual combined global yield is 760.9 million tons, with Kazakhstan contributing 14.3 million tons of wheat and 3.83 million tons of barley to this total. The productivity of grain crops has declined annually due to fungal disease, especially root and crown rot caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana and Fusarium spp. Research has focused on pinpointing the pathogens responsible for common root rot in various types of wheat and barley grown in Southeast Kazakhstan. The main goal was to examine the efficacy of certain chemical and biological substances in safeguarding barley seedlings during the early growth stage against root rot root rot. Moreover, this study sought to gauge their effects on seed quality by examining aspects such as germination rates, the colonization of seeds by particular fungal pathogens, and the overall vitality of seeds and seedlings. Visual inspection of the plants revealed that the prevalence of B. sorokiniana was an average of 51.8%, and that of Fusarium species was 58.6%. Three isolates were obtained from the roots of the winter wheat promising line 231, three from the spring wheat roots of the Kazakh variety 10, four from the winter wheat variety Steklovidnaya variety 24, fourteen from the spring barley variety Symbat, and fourteen from the winter barley variety Aidyn variety 2. The external spread of common root rot on spring wheat and spring barley varieties reached 50% and 53%, respectively. Promising line 231 of winter wheat and variety Kazakh 10 of spring barley were affected by the disease by 60%, whereas the winter wheat Steklovidnaya 24 was impacted by 67%. Molecular analysis of B. sorokiniana isolates via species-specific primers (COSA_F/COSA_R) from infected plant tissues confirmed their identification. Koch postulates were fulfilled for B. sorokiniana isolates Kz 48, 60, and 82 on Steklovidnaya 24 winter wheat and Symbat spring barley varieties. Biological products such as Phytosporin-M and Sporobacterin-Rassada significantly reduced the level of fungal infection, confirming their potential as environmentally safe plant protection agents.O trigo e a cevada são alimentos básicos ricos em nutrientes, cultivados extensivamente em escala global, abrangendo mais de 219 milhões de hectares. A produção global combinada anual é de 760,9 milhões de toneladas, com o Cazaquistão contribuindo com 14,3 milhões de toneladas de trigo e 3,83 milhões de toneladas de cevada para esse total. A produtividade das culturas de grãos diminui anualmente devido a doenças fúngicas, especialmente podridões de raízes e copas causadas por Bipolaris sorokiniana e Fusarium spp. A pesquisa se concentrou em identificar os patógenos responsáveis pela podridão radicular comum em vários tipos de trigo e cevada cultivados no sudeste do Cazaquistão. O objetivo principal era examinar a eficácia de certas substâncias químicas e biológicas na proteção das mudas de cevada durante o estágio inicial de crescimento contra a podridão das raízes. Além disso, o estudo procurou avaliar os seus efeitos na qualidade das sementes, examinando aspectos como as taxas de germinação, a colonização das sementes por determinados fungos patogênicos e a vitalidade geral das sementes e mudas. A inspeção visual das plantas indicou prevalência média de B. sorokiniana de 51,8% e de espécies de Fusarium de 58,6%. Três isolados foram obtidos a partir de raízes da linha promissora de trigo de inverno 231, e três de raízes de trigo de primavera da variedade cazaque 10, quatro de trigo de inverno variedade Steklovidnaya 24, quatorze de cevada de primavera variedade Symbat e quatorze de cevada de inverno variedade Aidyn 2. A disseminação externa da da podridão radicular comum nas variedades de trigo de primavera e cevada de primavera foi de 50% e 53%, respectivamente. A linha promissora 231 de trigo de inverno e a variedade cazaque10 de cevada de primavera foram afetadas pela doença em 60% das unidades, enquanto o trigo de inverno Steklovidnaya 24 foi afetado em 67% das unidades. A análise molecular de isolados de B. sorokiniana, utilizando primers específicos da espécie (COSA_F/COSA_R) de tecidos vegetais infectados, confirmou sua identificação. Os postulados de Koch foram cumpridos para os isolados de B. sorokiniana Kz 48, 60 e 82 em variedades de trigo de inverno Steklovidnaya 24 e cevada de primavera Symbat. Produtos biológicos como Fitosporin-M e Sporobacterin-Rassada reduziram significativamente o nível de infecção fúngica, confirmando seu potencial como agentes de proteção de plantas ambientalmente seguros
Episode 7: Youth Advisory Board Kyrgyzstan
No full textIn this episode, we invited the Youth Advisory Board members from Kyrgyzstan to take over and make this space their own. They are Ayana Zundueva, Dzhumaev Davut, Murzaliev Nurzhigit and Talant uulu Nur. You will hear these members Youth Advisory Board from Kyrgyzstan interviewing each other about their work with the board and their experiences participating on MAP activities.They prepared and carried out the interview themselves with our production support. We counted with the support of Mrs Anara Eginalieva, Director of the Bishkek office and MAP project manager, Cholpon Kylzhyrova and Gulchakhra Karymshakova to organise, coordinate and helps us translate this episode.Information about the members of the Youth Advisory Board who hosted this episode. Foundation for Tolerance International (Kyrgyzstan). Mobile Art for Peace.Ayana Zundueva is in 9th grade and has been participating in the “Mobile Art for Peace” project since 2023. Since November 2023 - member of the YAB for Kyrgyzstan. Team leader, initiator and organizer of many school club events. Ayana is a creative person, the author of several performances at the school forum theater. She plays different roles in the Forum Theater, and was also the joker of several performances.Dzhumaev Davut is in 9th grade and has been participating in the “Mobile Art for Peace” project since 2023. Davut is a creative person, always looking for an interesting approach to organizing events within the project. At the “body mapping” session, his work was one of the brightest and most informative.Murzaliev Nurzhigit is a 9th grade student, an active, cheerful, responsible participant in the “Mobile Art for Peace” project since 2023. Member of YAB of the MAP of Kyrgyzstan, plays roles in forum theaters, took part in a session on “body mapping”, took part in the development of policy briefs.Talant uulu Nur is now a student at the Academy of Management under the President. Participated in the “Mobile Art for Peace” project for 3 years from 2021 to 2023. Despite the fact that he is no longer in school, he continues to participate in project events. Nur is a participant in many project trainings and sessions on “body mapping”, played roles in forum theater performances, starred in video clips, and takes an active part in the development of policy briefs. Nur says: “In the project, I learned a lot about problems and government structures, which government structure is responsible for solving which problems. How much depends on how well these structures work, what people's expectations are from these structures. This understanding prompted me to enter the Academy of Management under the President of the Kyrgyz Republic. I am an active citizen of the country and can contribute to the development of the country.”Related to the discussions in the episode:Book chapter:Smirnova, A. (2023). Body-mapping Storytelling as a Part of Arts-based Peacebuilding Curriculum. More information: https://repository.lincoln.ac.uk/authors/Anna_Smirnova/17590935Artwork in focus:Body mapping drawing by NurzhigitBody mapping drawing by DavutArtistic outputs from Kyrgyzstan: https://map.lincoln.ac.uk/artistic-outputs/artistic-outputs-kyrgyzstan/Interpreter: Mrs Gulchakhra KarymshakovaMusicTheme song:Song: Imano Z'AbanaComposers and singers : Alexandre IteritekaMusic: Umuduri BandProducer :Frank TamariAlso:Song by Symbat Zhanybekova (song, lyrics and story): https://map.lincoln.ac.uk/2023/07/20/a-performance-of-komuz-and-singing-by-symbat-z/LinksMobile Arts for Peace Website: https://map.lincoln.ac.uk/Podcasts website: https://map.lincoln.ac.uk/podcasts/Mobile Arts for Peace on X / Twitter: @Mobile__ArtsKoula on X / Twitter and LinkedIn: @ch_koula and https://www.linkedin.com/in/koula-charitonos-98782922/Sherezade on X / Twitter and LinkedIn: @Sherecita and https://www.linkedin.com/in/sherezadegarciarangel/Get in touch with the MAP team by emailing us at: [email protected] podcast series is part of the Mobile Arts for Peace project that is funded by AHRC GCRF Network+.</p
Solutions to Pollution Problems of Oil
No full textAbstract
The purpose of the research is to improve the processes of conservation indicators of quality petroleum products (POL). As a hypothesis, it was assumed that the quality of fuel depends on its main quality parameters that most strongly vary during storage and transportation. The methods were applied which are used at the theoretical level of research, such as abstraction, deduction, analysis and synthesis, etc. We presented the main problems of pollution of oil. Moreover, we provided indicators of physical and chemical properties of diesel fuel and motor oil, which characterize their performance and the list of used additives. We analysed the scientific and patent work. We provided solutions to the problem. Correct storage and use of fuel will help maintain its quality parameters and ensure safety and durability of machinery.</jats:p
Impact of Biological Therapies on Quality of Life in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Narrative Review
No full textAbdimutalib Mamasaidov,1,* Kyazbek Sakibaev,1 Symbat Zhumabaeva,1 Ulanbek Isakov,1 Chynara Abdasbekovna Eshbaeva,1 Joldubai Abdyllaev,1 Bektur Abdikhalilov,1 Rana Sherbaevna Salieva2,* 1Medical Faculty, Osh State University, Osh, Kyrgyzstan; 2International Medical Faculty, Osh State University, Osh, Kyrgyzstan*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Rana Sherbaevna Salieva, International Medical Faculty, Osh State University, Osh, 723500, Kyrgyzstan, Email [email protected]: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes joint damage, pain, and disability, leading to significant impairments in patients’ physical, mental, and social well-being. While biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibitors, and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of RA by effectively controlling disease activity, their influence on patients’ quality of life (QoL) is crucial but not fully understood. The aim of this review is to evaluate the impact of bDMARDs on QoL in RA patients, particularly focusing on domains such as physical functioning, pain, fatigue, mental health, and social participation. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in databases such as PubMed and the Cochrane Library, including randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and surveys assessing QoL outcomes in RA patients receiving bDMARD therapy. The review includes studies that utilized the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D), and Short Form-36 (SF-36), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and Patient Global Assessment (PtGA) QoL questionnaires, among others, to assess patient-reported outcomes. The findings of the current review suggest that bDMARDs significantly improve QoL in RA patients by reducing pain, fatigue, and disability while enhancing physical function and mental well-being. However, variability in patient responses, side effects, and the long-term impact of these therapies remain key concerns. Future studies with standardized QoL assessments and longer follow-up periods are needed to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the sustained effects of bDMARD therapy on RA patients’ overall well-being.Keywords: rheumatoid arthritis, biological therapies, QoL, HAQ-DI, patient-reported outcomes, physical function, mental health, fatigu
3-D Modeling of Heat and Mass Transfer during Combustion of Solid Fuel in Bkz-420-140-7C Combustion Chamber of Kazkhstan
No full textMolecular Characterization of Some <i>Bacillus</i> Species from Vegetables and Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial and Antibiotic Potency
No full textNumerous natural habitats, such as soil, air, fermented foods, and human stomachs, are home to different Bacillus strains. Some Bacillus strains have a distinctive predominance and are widely recognized among other microbial communities, as a result of their varied habitation and physiologically active metabolites. The present study collected vegetable products (potato, carrot, and tomato) from local markets in Almaty, Kazakhstan. The bacterial isolates were identified using biochemical and phylogenetic analyses after culturing. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed three Gram-positive bacterial isolates BSS11, BSS17, and BSS19 showing 99% nucleotide sequence similarities with Bacillus subtilis O-3, Bacillus subtilis Md1-42, and Bacillus subtilis Khozestan2. The crude extract was prepared from bacterial isolates to assess the antibiotic resistance potency and the antimicrobial potential against various targeted multidrug-resistant strains, including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus group B, Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella sonnei, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella enteritidis, Klebsiella aerogenes, Enterococcus hirae, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, and Proteus vulgaris. This study found that the species that were identified have the ability to produce antibiotic chemicals. Additionally, the GC–MS analysis of three bacterial extracts revealed the presence of many antibiotic substances including phenol, benzoic acid, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid and bis(2-methylpropyl), methoxyphenyl-oxime, and benzaldehyde. This work sheds light on the potential of Bacillus to be employed as an antimicrobial agent to target different multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. The results indicate that market vegetables may be a useful source of strains displaying a range of advantageous characteristics that can be used in the creation of biological antibiotics
Multimodal Computational Approach for Forecasting Cardiovascular Aging Based on Immune and Clinical–Biochemical Parameters
No full textBackground: This study presents an innovative approach to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction based on a comprehensive analysis of clinical, immunological and biochemical markers using mathematical modelling and machine learning methods. Baseline data include indices of humoral and cellular immunity (CD59, CD16, IL-10, CD14, CD19, CD8, CD4, etc.), cytokines and markers of cardiovascular disease, inflammatory markers (TNF, GM-CSF, CRP), growth and angiogenesis factors (VEGF, PGF), proteins involved in apoptosis and cytotoxicity (perforin, CD95), as well as indices of liver function, kidney function, oxidative stress and heart failure (albumin, cystatin C, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), C-reactive protein (CRP), cholinesterase (ChE), cholesterol, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR)). Clinical and behavioural risk factors were also considered: arterial hypertension (AH), previous myocardial infarction (PICS), aortocoronary bypass surgery (CABG) and/or stenting, coronary heart disease (CHD), atrial fibrillation (AF), atrioventricular block (AB block), and diabetes mellitus (DM), as well as lifestyle (smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity level), education, and body mass index (BMI). Methods: The study included 52 patients aged 65 years and older. Based on the clinical, biochemical and immunological data obtained, a model for predicting the risk of premature cardiovascular aging was developed using mathematical modelling and machine learning methods. The aim of the study was to develop a predictive model allowing for the early detection of predisposition to the development of CVDs and their complications. Numerical methods of mathematical modelling, including Runge–Kutta, Adams–Bashforth and backward-directed Euler methods, were used to solve the prediction problem, which made it possible to describe the dynamics of changes in biomarkers and patients’ condition over time with high accuracy. Results: HLA-DR (50%), CD14 (41%) and CD16 (38%) showed the highest association with aging processes. BMI was correlated with placental growth factor (37%). The glomerular filtration rate was positively associated with physical activity (47%), whereas SOD activity was negatively correlated with it (48%), reflecting a decline in antioxidant defence. Conclusions: The obtained results allow for improving the accuracy of cardiovascular risk prediction, and form personalised recommendations for the prevention and correction of its development
Exposure of wild Caspian seals (Pusa caspica) to parasites, bacterial and viral pathogens, evaluated via molecular and serological assays
No full textDisease surveillance of marine mammal populations is essential to understand the causes of strandings, identify potential threats to animal health, and to support development of conservation strategies. Here we report the first large multi-pathogen screening of prevalence for viruses, bacteria and parasites in a sample of 177 live, healthy, wild Caspian seals (Pusa caspica), captured and released during satellite telemetry studies 2007-2017. Employing molecular and serological assays we assess prevalence of pathogens known to be of significance for marine mammal health worldwide, and evaluate the results in relation to Caspian seal health and conservation. RT-PCR, and PCR assays find evidence for infection by Canine Distemper Virus (CDV), Phocine herpes virus, phocine adenovirus and Influenza A at prevalences of 5%, 6.4%, 21.7%, and 4% respectively. The genomes of CDV isolates collected in 2008 showed 99.59% identity with the 2000 Caspian seal CDV epizootic strain. A partial coding sequence for the Us2 gene from the Caspian seal herpes virus was identical to PhHV-1 isolate PB84, previously reported from a harbor seal (Phoca vitulina), while amplicon sequences for the adenovirus polymerase gene indicated a novel strain. ELISA assays detected exposure to Influenza A (55% of tested samples), adenovirus (25%), coronavirus (6%), CDV (8%), herpes virus (94%), Toxoplasma gondii (2.6%) and heartworm (1%). Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests detected exposure to Influenza B at a prevalence of 20%, and Leptospira microscopic agglutination tests detected suspected exposure to Leptospira serovars in 9% of tested samples. Overall, the risks, profile and prevalence of pathogens in Caspian seals appear comparable to other wild phocid seal populations. Our results suggest Caspian seals have exposure pathways to pathogens with epizootic potential or ability to cause significant morbidity, and disease impacts could reduce the resilience of the population to other conservation threats. Caspian seals are listed as Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, and we recommend that resources are invested to support further surveillance programmes and to understand how anthropogenic pressures may influence future disease risks
