212 research outputs found
Importance of Glutamate Dehydrogenase (GDH) in Clostridium difficile Colonization In Vivo
No full textCitation: Girinathan, B. P., Braun, S., Sirigireddy, A. R., Lopez, J. E., & Govind, R. (2016). Importance of Glutamate Dehydrogenase (GDH) in Clostridium difficile Colonization In Vivo. Plos One, 11(7), 18. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0160107Clostridium difficile is the principal cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Major metabolic requirements for colonization and expansion of C. difficile after microbiota disturbance have not been fully determined. In this study, we show that glutamate utilization is important for C. difficile to establish itself in the animal gut. When the gluD gene, which codes for glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), was disrupted, the mutant C. difficile was unable to colonize and cause disease in a hamster model. Further, from the complementation experiment it appears that extracellular GDH may be playing a role in promoting C. difficile colonization and disease progression. Quantification of free amino acids in the hamster gut during C. difficile infection showed that glutamate is among preferred amino acids utilized by C. difficile during its expansion. This study provides evidence of the importance of glutamate metabolism for C. difficile pathogenesis
Invasive group B streptococcal infection in infants, Malawi.
No full textGroup B streptococci (GBS) are a recently identified cause of neonatal sepsis in Malawi. In Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi, during May 2004-June 2005, GBS were isolated from routine blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures from 57 infants. The incidence of early (EOD) and late onset (LOD) invasive GBS disease was 0.92 and 0.89 cases per 1,000 live births, respectively. Sepsis (52%) was the most common manifestation of EOD; meningitis (43%) and sepsis (36%) were the principal manifestations of LOD. The case-fatality rate was 33% overall (38% EOD, 29% LOD). Serotypes Ia and III were responsible for 77% of disease. All isolates were susceptible to penicillin, but 21% were resistant to erythromycin. The rate and manifestations of neonatal GBS disease in Malawi are similar to those in industrialized countries, but the case-fatality rate is higher than in industrialized countries. Effective locally relevant prevention strategies are needed
Phase 1 study of inotuzumab ozogamicin combined with R-GDP for the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory CD22+ B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma
No full textObjective: To evaluate safety, tolerability, and preliminary activity of inotuzumab ozogamicin (InO) plus rituximab, gemcitabine, dexamethasone, and cisplatin (R-GDP) in patients with relapsed/refractory CD22+ B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Methods: Patients received InO plus R-GDP (21-day cycle; six-cycle maximum) using up-and-down dose-escalation schema for gemcitabine and cisplatin to define the highest dosage regimen(s) with acceptable toxicity (Part 1; n = 27). Part 2 (n = 10) confirmed safety and tolerability; Part 3 (n = 18) evaluated preliminary efficacy. Results: Among 55 patients enrolled, 42% were refractory at baseline (median 2 [range, 1-6] prior therapies); 38% had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The highest dosage regimen with acceptable toxicity was InO 0.8 mg/m2, rituximab 375 mg/m2, cisplatin 50 mg/m2, gemcitabine 500 mg/m2 (day 1 only) and dexamethasone 40 mg (days 1-4); this was confirmed in Part 2, in which three patients had dose-limiting toxicities (grade 4 thrombocytopenia [n = 2], febrile neutropenia [n = 2]). Most frequent treatment-related adverse events were thrombocytopenia (any grade, 85%; grade ≥3, 75%) and neutropenia (69%; 62%). Overall (objective) response rate (ORR) was 53% (11 complete, 18 partial responses); ORR was 71%, 33%, and 62% in patients with follicular lymphoma (n = 14), DLBCL (n = 21), and mantle cell lymphoma (n = 13), respectively. Conclusions: InO 0.8 mg/m2 plus R-GDP was associated with manageable toxicity, although gemcitabine and cisplatin doses were lower than in the standard R-GDP regimen due to hematologic toxicity. Evidence of antitumor activity was observed; however, these exploratory data should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size and short follow-up duration (Clinicaltrials.gov number: NCT01055496).</p
Studies on Anti-lithogenic Potential Fenugreek Seeds
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
Camel Streptococcus agalactiae populations are associated with specific disease complexes and acquired the tetracycline resistance gene tetM via a Tn916-like element
No full textCamels are the most valuable livestock species in the Horn of Africa and play a pivotal role in the nutritional sustainability for millions of people. Their health status is therefore of utmost importance for the people living in this region. Streptococcus agalactiae, a Group B Streptococcus (GBS), is an important camel pathogen. Here we present the first epidemiological study based on genetic and phenotypic data from African camel derived GBS. Ninety-two GBS were characterized using multilocus sequence typing (MLST), capsular polysaccharide typing and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing. We analysed the GBS using Bayesian linkage, phylogenetic and minimum spanning tree analyses and compared them with human GBS from East Africa in order to investigate the level of genetic exchange between GBS populations in the region. Camel GBS sequence types (STs) were distinct from other STs reported so far. We mapped specific STs and capsular types to major disease complexes caused by GBS. Widespread resistance (34%) to tetracycline was associated with acquisition of the tetM gene that is carried on a Tn916-like element, and observed primarily among GBS isolated from mastitis. The presence of tetM within different MLST clades suggests acquisition on multiple occasions. Wound infections and mastitis in camels associated with GBS are widespread and should ideally be treated with antimicrobials other than tetracycline in East Africa
Crystal structure of 2,2,4-trimethyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b][1,4]diazepine hemihydrate
No full textThe title compound, C12H18N2·0.5H2O, crystallizes with two independent organic molecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit, together with a water molecule of crystallization. The diazepine rings in each molecule have a chair conformation. The dihedral angle between benzene ring and the mean plane of the diazepine ring is 21.15 (12)° in molecule A and 17.42 (11)° in molecule B. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H...O and O—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming zigzag chains propagating along [001]
Hijra’s Customs As Elucidated In A.Revathi’s The Truth About Me
No full text This article entitled “Hijra’s Customs As Elucidated In A.Revathi’s‘The Truth About Me’””attempts to highlight the habitual practises (customs) of the hijra community.
Hijra is a term, used to refer a person whose birth sex is male but later identified to be female (trans-women). They usually live in well-defined and organised communities led by a guru. The author, A.Revathi is a Bengaluru-based, trans-woman, writer and activist whose debut book was in Tamil, Unarvum Uruvamum (2004). Following this, Revathi decided to write her own experiences and published her second book, The Truth about Me: A Hijra Life Story (2010). This book is a courageous and touching autobiography of a hijra where the author records the customs of their hijra community, giving special attention to the post-nirvaanam customs strictly practised for 40 days after castration.  
Testing holin function of TcdE in <i>E. coli</i>.
No full text<p>Lysis curves of lysogenic cultures carrying λcI<sub>857</sub><i>Sam7</i> (<b>A</b>) or λCmrΔ(SR) (<b>B</b>) and plasmids expressing in trans λ<i>S</i>, <i>S<sup>105</sup></i>,TcdEM1, TcdEM25, and TcdEM27, respectively. A lysogenic strain carrying pBR322 was used as negative control. <b>C.</b> Lysis curve of <i>E. coli</i> λcI<sub>857</sub><i>Sam7</i> lysogen carrying plasmids expressing TcdEM1 in pCD463, TcdEMet1, TcdEMet1', TcdEMet25' and TcdEMet27' respectively. <b>D.</b> FACS analysis of <i>E. coli</i> λCmrΔ(SR) lysogens expressing either S<sup>105</sup> or TcdEM1 through propidium idodide (PI) and SYTO9 staining.</p
2,4-dihydroxy benzaldehyde derived Schiff bases as small molecule Hsp90 inhibitors: rational identification of a new anticancer lead
No full textHsp90 is a molecular chaperone that heals diverse array of biomolecules ranging from multiple oncogenic proteins to the ones responsible for development of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Moreover they are over-expressed in cancer cells as a complex with co-chaperones and under-expressed in normal cells as a single free entity. Hence inhibitors of Hsp90 will be more effective and selective in destroying cancer cells with minimum chances of acquiring resistance to them. In continuation of our goal to rationally develop effective small molecule azomethines against Hsp90, we designed few more compounds belonging to the class of 2,4-dihydroxy benzaldehyde derived imines (1-13) with our validated docking protocol. The molecules exhibiting good docking score were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by IR, (1)H NMR and mass spectral analysis. Subsequently, they were evaluated for their potential to suppress Hsp90 ATPase activity by Malachite green assay. The antiproliferative effect of the molecules were examined on PC3 prostate cancer cell lines by adopting 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay methodology. Finally, schiff base 13 emerged as the lead molecule for future design and development of Hsp90 inhibitors as anticancer agents.Fil: Dutta Gupta, Sayan. Osmania University; India. Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University; IndiaFil: Revathi, B.. Osmania University; IndiaFil: Mazaira, Gisela Ileana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Biológica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Galigniana, Mario Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Biológica; ArgentinaFil: Subrahmanyam, C. V. S.. Osmania University; IndiaFil: Gowrishankar, N. L.. Swami Vivekananda Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; IndiaFil: Raghavendra, N. M.. Osmania University; Indi
Image retrieval using color features
No full textThis report aims to present on the work that was undertaken during the one year period of Final Year Project. In this project, a histogram matching based retrieval method is analyzed in three different colour spaces, namely, RGB, HSV and L*a*b. Colour matching is one of the most popular techniques used for retrieving images from a large database but it has drawback whereby information about texture, shape and spatial location are not considered. Colour histogram method requires quantization of a colour space. The quantization process reduces the number of colours used in an image. Two types of quantization: scalar quantization and vector quantization are explored in this project together with the two types of histogram distance measures in three different colour spaces. The extraction algorithm works by: Selecting a colour space(s) {RGB, HSV, L*a*b}, then by selecting a quantization method for the colour space(s), next computation of colour histogram and computation of distance function and lastly, the extraction of images from the database. This report will present the results of an experimental investigation studying on the accuracy, efficiency of the image retrieval system in all three colour models. To test the retrieval performance, Matlab simulation has been implemented. This report also includes the learning points that i have gained during the course of this project as well as how it had enhanced my knowledge throughout the entire project implementation phase.Bachelor of Engineerin
- …
