3,118 research outputs found
Galianora Maddison
No full text<i>Galianora</i> Maddison, new genus <p> Type species: <i>Galianora sacha</i>, new species</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> This phylogenetically remarkable genus is named in honour of the late María Elena Galiano, the deserving heir to Eugène Simon as the leader of neotropical salticid taxonomy. Her work is the foundation for our knowledge of one of the world’s richest salticid faunas.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Among neotropical salticids with a median apophysis and female palp claw, the round tegulum with peripheral embolus is distinctive (Figs. 9, 19).</p> <p> <b>Notes.</b> With hesitation I include in this genus two species so different in body form. In the field, I did not realize they belonged to the same subfamily — <i>G. s a c h a</i> is elongate and pale with raptorial front legs; <i>G. bryicola</i> is compact and brown. However, the morphological synapomorphies and molecular data (Maddison and Needham, 2006) clearly suggest a close relationship between <i>G. s a c h a</i> and <i>G. bryicola</i>. An as­yet undescribed species from Venezuela is intermediate in body form and palpus. To avoid describing two monotypic sister genera, I have chosen to place <i>G. bryicola</i> in <i>Galianora</i> until lapsiine diversity and phylogeny are better understood.</p>Published as part of <i>Maddison, Wayne P., 2006, New lapsiine jumping spiders from Ecuador (Araneae: Salticidae), pp. 17-28 in Zootaxa 1255</i> on pages 21-23, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/173061">10.5281/zenodo.173061</a>
Angus Maddison and Development Economics
No full textThis paper was prepared for the Angus Maddison Memorial conference, held in November 2010 at the International Institute of Social History in Amsterdam. The paper reflects on Angus Maddison's contributions to development economics. It focuses on the following issues: 1. quantification in development economics and the framework of proximate and ultimate causality in growth and development; 2 the debate about levels of GDP per capita in the middle of the eighteenth century; 3 Maddison versus the Malthusians; 4 measurement of Chinese Economic Performance in the long run; 5. the impact of Western expansion on the non-Western world and 6. the role of institutions in economic development.Economic Growth, Development Economics, GDP per capita, China, Western Expansion, Institutions
Papuaneon Maddison, new genus
No full text<i>Papuaneon</i> Maddison, new genus <p> <b>Type species:</b> <i>Papuaneon tualapa</i> Maddison, <b>sp. nov.</b></p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> A combination of Papua and <i>Neon</i>. Grammatically masculine.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> The embolus of <i>Papuaneon</i> arises on the dorsal-terminal side of the bulb, hidden behind the tegulum (Figs 4‒5), unlike <i>Neon</i>, whose embolus arises on the prolateral side of the bulb (Logunov 1998). As the embolus emerges from the terminal end of the bulb, it twists into a spiral unlike any seen in <i>Neon</i>. The female has a swollen tarsus of the palp, and a row of macrosetae along the ventral edge of the first leg femur. The body is larger than usual for <i>Neon</i>, more hirsute. Further consideration of the distinctness of <i>Papuaneon</i> is given below under Phylogeny.</p> <p> <i>Papuaneon</i> (like <i>Neon</i>) could be confused with the distantly related euophryines, of which there are some similarly small-bodied representatives in Australasia (e.g., <i>Zabkattus</i> Zhang & Maddison, 2012; <i>Barraina</i> Richardson, 2013; <i>Frewena</i> Richardson, 2013). <i>Papuaneon</i>, however, lacks the euophryines’ distinctive loop of the spermophore in the retrolateral half of the tegulum and the open spiral of the embolus. <i>Barraina</i>, which appears close to <i>Laufeia</i> Simon, 1889 by the palp and body form, lacks the clearly spiral embolus, but has the typical euophryine spermophore loop. <i>Ananeon</i> Richardson, 2013 differs from <i>Papuaneon</i> in having the eyes on rounded mounds, a distinctly different path of the spermophore through the tegulum, and windows on the epigyne (Richardson 2013: figs 6, 8 and 4, respectively). These windows indicate <i>Ananeon</i> may be a euophryine (see Zhang & Maddison 2015), as Richardson (2013) suggests. In addition, Richardson’s description of <i>Ananeon</i> makes no mention of two distinctive features of <i>Papuaneon</i>, the swollen female palp and the notably long macrosetae on the first tibia.</p> <p> Although small-bodied, <i>Papuaneon</i> is not as small as <i>Neon</i> typically is. It resembles a small squat euophryine. As with <i>Neon</i>, the Mopsini, and some viciriines, the embolus appears clearly distinct from the tegulum and thus free to move (Fig. 4). I did not dissect or expand the palp to test this because only a single male is known.</p>Published as part of <i>Maddison, Wayne P., 2016, Papuaneon, a new genus of jumping spiders from Papua New Guinea (Araneae: Salticidae: Neonini), pp. 437-443 in Zootaxa 4200 (3)</i> on pages 438-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4200.3.9, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/187215">http://zenodo.org/record/187215</a>
Galianora bryicola Maddison, new species
No full text<i>Galianora bryicola</i> Maddison, new species <p>Figs. 17–21</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> Holotype male in the UBC­SEM with label: " ECUADOR: NAPO: Estación Biológica Jatun Sacha. S 1.067 W 77.617; 400 m el. Forest and nearby disturbed areas. 21–24 July 2004 Maddison, Agnarsson, Iturralde, Salazar. WPM#04­055"; "UBC­ SEM AR00003"</p> <p>Molecular data gathered for this species by Maddison & Needham (2006) were obtained from several legs of the holotype male (DNA voucher d124).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The name refers to the habitat of mossy tree trunks.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> This brown species has a generalized salticid body form, but is distinctive among the neotropical fauna by its palpus with a round amycoid­like bulb, but having a prominent median apophysis (Figs. 19–20).</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Male holotype: Carapace length 2.2, width 1.7, height 1.3; abdomen length 2.2. Approximate leg lengths 4> 1> 3> 2. Macrosetae on left tibia I P 0­1­1 V 2­2 ­2 R 0­ 1­1; right tibia 1 P 1­1­1 V 2­2 ­3 R 1­1­1. First metatarsus with four pairs of ventral macrosetae, although the terminal pair might be considered lateral. Second leg anterior tarsal claw with ca. 7 teeth, posterior with 6. Chelicerae: Three promarginal and two retromarginal teeth. Palpus (Figs. 19, 20): superficially resembles an amycoid palpus, with embolus fixed to a round tegulum, but projecting from the ventral­retrolateral side of the tegulum is a prominent median apophysis. As in <i>Galianora sacha</i>, the retrolateral tibial apophysis is sharp and accompanied by dorsal and ventral lobes. Carapace with posterior lateral eyes on raised mounds compared to the fovea which lies in concavity. Colour: carapace dark brown to black except for pale central longitudinal stripe on thorax. Opithosoma medium brown with indistinct speckling above; venter black. The integument of the legs and carapace has a subtle rainbow iridescence, at least under alcohol.</p> <p>Female: adult female unknown. Immature female: palpus with tarsal claw.</p> <p> <b>Specimens examined.</b> Collected with the holotype were three juveniles.</p> <p> <b>Natural history.</b> The juveniles were collected beating moss­covered branches and tree trunks in understory of lowland rain forest. The male holotype was collected by G. Iturralde on a tree trunk within the forest.</p>Published as part of <i>Maddison, Wayne P., 2006, New lapsiine jumping spiders from Ecuador (Araneae: Salticidae), pp. 17-28 in Zootaxa 1255</i> on pages 25-27, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/173061">10.5281/zenodo.173061</a>
Fishing boats at Eden cannery wharf for final unload, New South Wales, 2000 [picture] /
No full textPart of collection: Girt by sea, photographs by Eden's fishermen.; Title from caption list supplied by photographer.; Inscriptions: signed "Ruth Maddison 2005"--In pencil lower right.; Also available in an electronic version via the Internet at: http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-vn3808096; Purchased from the photographer, 2006. Photograph of fishing boats 'Catriona B', 'Janet 1' and 'Seatas 3' at Eden cannery wharf for final unload. Cannery wharf closed in 2000 and moved off shore
Chalcovietnamicus daiqini Yu & Hoang & Maddison & Zhang 2023
No full text<i>daiqini</i> -species group <p> This group can be distinguished from the <i>vietnamensis</i> -group by the lack of a large apical flag-like embolic apophysis (EA) on the back side of the embolus (Figs 60, 63–64, 66–67). The body is covered with dense khaki setae but never on the male face, palp, and tibia I, which are conspicuously darker than other body parts (Figs 4–5, 42–43, 70–72, 88–89). Females share three pairs of transverse setal bands on the posterior half of abdomen; the posterior pair is connected or very close to each other (Figs 11, 30, 48, 73, 90); female sternum has a cluster of long white setae on the posterior lateral edge of each side (but reduced in <i>C. marusiki</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> and <i>C. terbakar</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>; Figs 14, 32, 96).</p> <p> <b>Species included.</b> <i>Chalcovietnamicus daiqini</i> (Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012) <b>comb. nov.</b>, <i>C. logunovi</i> Yu, Maddison & Zhang, <b>sp. nov.</b>, <i>C. marusiki</i> Yu, Maddison & Zhang, <b>sp. nov.</b>, <i>C. terbakar</i> Yu, Maddison & Zhang, <b>sp. nov.</b>, <i>C. weihangi</i> Yu & Zhang, <b>sp. nov.</b>.</p>Published as part of <i>Yu, Kun, Hoang, Quang Duy, Maddison, Wayne P. & Zhang, Junxia, 2023, Review of Chalcovietnamicus Marusik, 1991, with description of four new species (Araneae, Salticidae, Euophryini), pp. 451-480 in Zootaxa 5336 (4)</i> on page 455, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5336.4.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/8282322">http://zenodo.org/record/8282322</a>
Corticattus Zhang & Maddison, 2012, new genus
No full textGenus <i>Corticattus</i> new genus <p> <b>Type species:</b> <i>Corticattus latus</i> Zhang & Maddison, sp. nov.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The generic name is from the combination of <i>cortex</i> (bark) and <i>attus</i> (a common ending for salticid genera), referring to the habitat of the spiders; masculine in gender.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Small tree trunk dwelling spiders. Body is flattened. Chelicera has one bicuspid promarginal tooth and one unident retromarginal tooth. First pair of legs in male sometimes are widened. Embolus is long and coiled. Tegulum has distinctive proximal lobe and small distal triangular projection. Epigynum has window with a median septum. <i>Corticattus</i> is similar to the marpissoids <i>Balmaceda</i> (see Edwards 2006) and <i>Metacyrba</i> (see Edwards 2006) in the body form, but can be easily distinguished by the genitalia. <i>Corticattus</i> differs from other euophryine genera by the flattened body, the absence of retrolateral sperm duct loop and the presence of prolateral sperm duct loop on the bulb, the presence of a triangular projection at the distal end of the tegulum, and the presence of a large accessory gland on the copulatory duct.</p> <p> <b>Figures 114–119.</b> <i>Corticattus guajataca</i> sp. nov. 114 <b>–</b> 116 male holotype; 117 one female paratype from Marico; 118 <b>–</b> 119 another female paratype from Guajataca. Figures 114 <b>–</b> 119 are copyright © 2012 W. P. Maddison, released under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 3.0 license.</p>Published as part of <i>Zhang, Jun-Xia & Maddison, Wayne P., 2012, New euophryine jumping spiders from the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae), pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 3476</i> on pages 25-26, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/282237">10.5281/zenodo.282237</a>
Zabkattus Zhang & Maddison 2012, new genus
No full textGenus <i>Zabkattus</i> new genus <p> <b>Type species:</b> <i>Zabkattus brevis</i> Zhang & Maddison, sp. nov.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The generic name combines “zabk” in honor of Dr. Marek Żabka, who has made great contributions in the study of jumping spider systematics and biodiversity, with “attus”, often used as an ending for salticid genera; masculine in gender.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Small to medium sized leaf litter dwelling spiders. Body is usually dark brown or brown. Chelicera has two promarginal teeth and one bicuspid retromarginal tooth. Male chelicera usually has a protrusion of varied shape on the front surface. Epigynum has a window with median septum. Spermatheca is usually relatively small. Resembles another leaf litter dwelling genus, <i>Laufeia</i> Simon (Bohdanowicz & Prószyṅski 1987) in body form, but differs in the shape of genitalia and the presence of a protrusion on the front surface of the male chelicera.</p>Published as part of <i>Zhang, Jun-Xia & Maddison, Wayne P., 2012, New euophryine jumping spiders from Papua New Guinea (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae) 3491, pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 3491</i> on page 6
Agobardus gramineus Zhang & Maddison, 2012, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Agobardus gramineus</i> sp. nov. <p> Figs 21 <b>–</b> 30</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> Holotype: male, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Pedernales: near Pedernales, 17.970° N, 71.651° W, elev. 8 m, 17 July 2009, coll. W. Maddison, G. B. Edwards, J. Zhang, G. Ruiz, N. Corona, WPM#09-042 (UBC- SEM AR00034). Paratypes: 1 female, same data as holotype (UBC-SEM AR00035); 5 females and 12 males in three vials, same data as holotype; 1 male and 1 female, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Pedernales: east of Pedernales, 17.965° N, 71.635° W, elev. 30 m, 17 July 2009, coll. W. Maddison, G. B. Edwards, J. Zhang, G. Ruiz, N. Corona, WPM#09-040; 1 male, same data as previous; 2 females and 2 males, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Pedernales: near Pedernales, 17.964° N, 71.652° W, elev. 13 m, 18 July 2009, coll. W. Maddison, G. B. Edwards, J. Zhang, G. Ruiz, N. Corona, WPM#09-044.</p> <p> <b>Figures 21–24.</b> <i>Agobardus gramineus</i> sp. nov. 21 <b>–</b> 22 male paratype; 23 <b>–</b> 24 female paratype. Figures 21 <b>–</b> 24 are copyright © 2012 W. P. Maddison, released under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 3.0 license.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> Latin adjective <i>gramineus</i> (of grass), referring to the habitat (grass clumps).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Distinguished from other <i>Agobardus</i> by the two pairs of distinct dark patches on the dorsum of the abdomen (Figs 25 <b>–</b> 26) and the wide median septum of the epigynum (Fig. 29).</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> <i>Male</i> (holotype, UBC-SEM AR00034). Carapace length 1.1 (variation 1.1 <b>–</b> 1.2, n=8); abdomen length 1.1. Chelicera: not elaborate; yellowish with gray pigments. Palp (Figs 27 <b>–</b> 28): tibia and tarsus gray brown, other segments light yellow. Embolus slightly curved. Retrolateral tibial apophysis finger-like. Measurements of legs: I 2.0, II 1.8, III 2.3, IV 2.5. Color in alcohol (Fig. 25): carapace gray brown, darker in eye area, with wide lateral marginal stripes and a central stripe behind fovea composed of white setae; abdomen light yellow, with light brown markings and two pairs of dark patches, the anterior pair smaller than the posterior pair; venter with a few dark brown irregular markings and a big dark brown patch in front of spiracle; legs light brown.</p> <p> <b>Figures 25–30.</b> <i>Agobardus gramineus</i> sp. nov. 25 male paratype, dorsal view; 26 female paratype, dorsal view; 27 male left palp, ventral view; 28 male left palp, retrolateral view; 29 epigynum, ventral view; 30 cleared epigynum, dorsal view. Scale bars: 25 <b>–</b> 26, 0.5 mm; 27 <b>–</b> 30, 0.1 mm.</p> <p> <i>Female</i> (paratype, UBC-SEM AR00035). Carapace length 1.3 (variation 1.2 <b>–</b> 1.4, n=18); abdomen length 1.5. Measurements of legs: I 2.5, II 2.2, III 2.8, IV 3.1. Epigynum (Figs 29 <b>–</b> 30): window relatively big, occupying more than half of the epigynal plate; median septum wide, with opening of copulatory duct anterior. Copulatory ducts short, without obvious accessory gland; spermathecae spherical. Color in alcohol (Fig. 26): similar to that of the male, but lacking lateral marginal and distinct central stripes on carapace.</p> <p> <b>Natural history.</b> Specimens were found in grass clumps in a desert.</p> <p> <b>Figures 31–36.</b> <i>Agobardus oviedo</i> sp. nov. 31 <b>–</b> 34 male holotype; 35 <b>–</b> 36 female paratype. Figures 31 <b>–</b> 36 are copyright © 2012 W. P. Maddison, released under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 3.0 license.</p>Published as part of <i>Zhang, Jun-Xia & Maddison, Wayne P., 2012, New euophryine jumping spiders from the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae), pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 3476</i> on pages 7-9, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/282237">10.5281/zenodo.282237</a>
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