1,740 research outputs found
Plasma Physics Reports V. 26, I. 05
No full textPlasma Physics Reports -- May 2000
Volume 26, Issue 5, pp. 375-464
TOKAMAKS
Suppression of Neoclassical Tearing Modes by a Magnetic Well in Shear-Optimized Discharges
A. B. Mikhailovskii, B. N. Kuvshinov, V. D. Pustovitov, and S. E. Sharapov
pp. 375-378 Full Text: PDF (59 kB)
MAGNETIC CONFINEMENT SYSTEMS
Numerical Study of a DRAKON-type Closed Magnetic Configuration with a Spatial Axis
V. V. Kondakov, S. F. Perelygin, and V. M. Smirnov
pp. 379-387 Full Text: PDF (105 kB)
PLASMA DYNAMICS
Radial Structure of the Wakefield Excited during the Self-Modulation of a Laser Pulse in a Plasma
N. E. Andreev, V. I. Kirsanov, and A. S. Sakharov
pp. 388-396 Full Text: PDF (131 kB)
Two-Dimensional Modeling of a Transverse Collisionless Shock Wave
S. F. Garanin, A. I. Golubev, and N. A. Ismailova
pp. 397-404 Full Text: PDF (295 kB)
Efficiency of Laser Energy Input into a Hohlraum through a Hole
I. G. Lebo, V. V. Nikishin, V. B. Rozanov, and V. F. Tishkin
pp. 405-408 Full Text: PDF (59 kB)
Analytic Study of Electron Flows with a Virtual Cathode
A. E. Dubinov
pp. 409-414 Full Text: PDF (67 kB)
DUSTY PLASMA
Ordered Dusty Structures in the Plasma of an RF Electrodeless Gas Discharge
A. V. Zobnin, A. P. Nefedov, V. A. Sinel'shchikov, O. A. Sinkevich, A. D. Usachev, V. S. Filinov, and V. E. Fortov
pp. 415-423 Full Text: PDF (195 kB)
Electrostatic Structures in a Plasma and BGK Screening
K. V. Chukbar
pp. 424-427 Full Text: PDF (52 kB)
NONLINEAR PHENOMENA
Qualitative Models of the Enhanced-Rate Propagation of a Magnetic Field in a Plasma due to the Hall Effect
A. B. Kukushkin and K. V. Cherepanov
pp. 428-438 Full Text: PDF (133 kB)
PLASMA KINETICS
The Two and Three Most Representative Ionization State Approximations for Impurity Description in Coronal Plasmas
V. I. Gervids and D. Kh. Morozov
pp. 439-445 Full Text: PDF (89 kB)
ELEMENTARY PROCESSES IN PLASMA
Analysis of the Differential Cross Section for Ionization of a Hydrogen Atom by Fast Electrons in a Uniform Electric Field
V. I. Krylov and V. V. Pivkin
pp. 446-455 Full Text: PDF (392 kB)
LOW-TEMPERATURE PLASMA
Numerical Investigation of a Microwave Discharge Driven by the H10-Type Wave
N. Zh. Kairyev, É. B. Kulumbaev, and V. M. Lelevkin
pp. 456-461 Full Text: PDF (178 kB)
BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS
Theory of Nondiffusive Penetration of a Magnetic Field into a Conducting Medium
V. Yu. Zaburdaev
pp. 462-464 Full Text: PDF (45 kB)Archived web conten
JETP Letters V. 71, I .03
No full textJETP Letters -- February 10, 2000
Volume 71, Issue 3, pp. 97-126
GRAVITY, ASTROPHYSICS
Muons in Extensive Air Showers of Energies E0 = 1016.6–1019.8 eV
A. V. Glushkov, I. T. Makarov, M. I. Pravdin, I. E. Sleptsov, V. R. Sleptsova, and N. N. Kalmykov
pp. 97-101 Full Text: PDF (91 kB)
PLASMA, GASES
Liquid Plasma Crystal: Coulomb Crystallization of Cylindrical Macroscopic Grains in a Gas-Discharge Plasma
V. I. Molotkov, A. P. Nefedov, M. Yu. Pustyl'nik, V. M. Torchinsky, V. E. Fortov, A. G. Khrapak, and K. Yoshino
pp. 102-105 Full Text: PDF (250 kB)
CONDENSED MATTER
Phase Separation in La–Pr Manganites and Its Evolution in a Magnetic Field
I. F. Voloshin, A. V. Kalinov, S. E. Savel'ev, L. M. Fisher, N. A. Babushkina, L. M. Belova, D. I. Khomskii, and K. I. Kugel'
pp. 106-110 Full Text: PDF (75 kB)
Nonohmic Coulomb Drag in the Ballistic Electron Transport Regime
V. L. Gurevich and M. I. Muradov
pp. 111-113 Full Text: PDF (51 kB)
Effects of Pressure and Magnetic Field on the Electrical Resistivity of La0.8Ba0.2MnO3 in Rhombohedral and Orthorhombic Phases
V. E. Arkhipov, V. S. Gaviko, K. M. Demchuk, V. P. Dyakina, A. V. Korolev, Ya. M. Mukovskii, É. A. Neifel'd, and R. V. Pomortsev
pp. 114-116 Full Text: PDF (114 kB)
Collective Behavior of Interwell Excitons in GaAs/AlGaAs Double Quantum Wells
A. V. Larionov, V. B. Timofeev, J. Hvam, and C. Soerensen
pp. 117-122 Full Text: PDF (104 kB)
Reversal of the Critical-Current Sign in SFIFS Tunnel Contacts
E. A. Koshina and V. N. Krivoruchko
pp. 123-126 Full Text: PDF (51 kB)Archived web conten
Plasma Physics Reports V. 29, I. 01
No full textPlasma Physics Reports -- January 2003
Volume 29, Issue 1, pp. 1-95
DUSTY PLASMA
Complex Plasmas: II. Elementary Processes in Complex Plasmas
G. E. Morfill, V. N. Tsytovich, and H. Thomas
pp. 1-30 Full Text: PDF (574 kB)
Dynamics of Dust Grains in a Two-Component Dusty Plasma Induced by Solar Radiation under Microgravity Conditions
A. P. Nefedov[dagger], O. S. Vaulina, O. F. Petrov, V. E. Fortov, I. E. Dranzhevskii, and A. M. Lipaev
pp. 31-41 Full Text: PDF (160 kB)
PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS
Microwave Enhanced-Scattering Correlation Diagnostics of a Turbulent Plasma
E. Z. Gusakov and A. V. Surkov
pp. 42-52 Full Text: PDF (135 kB)
OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES IN PLASMA
Numerical Simulations of Tangential Microwave Launching for EC Heating in a Tokamak
M. A. Balakina, O. B. Smolyakova, and M. D. Tokman
pp. 53-64 Full Text: PDF (226 kB)
MAGNETOSPHERIC PLASMAS
Steady-State Axisymmetric Configurations of a Weakly Ionized Plasma in the Field of a Rotating Magnetized Spherical Body
A. O. Soldatkin and Yu. V. Chugunov
pp. 65-77 Full Text: PDF (156 kB)
NONLINEAR PHENOMENA
Waves of States in an Electron Beam with a Distributed Virtual Cathode
A. G. Lymar'
pp. 78-81 Full Text: PDF (77 kB)
LOW-TEMPERATURE PLASMA
Comparison of the AC Barrier Corona with DC Positive and Negative Coronas and Barrier Discharge
Yu. S. Akishev, A. V. Dem'yanov, V. B. Karal'nik, A. E. Monich, and N. I. Trushkin
pp. 82-91 Full Text: PDF (176 kB)
COMMENTS
The Problem of Obtaining Exact Solutions to the Equations for an Intense Charged-Particle Beam and an Analysis of the Paper by N.D. Naumov "Self-Similar Motion of Charged Particles"
V. A. Syrovoy
pp. 92-95 Full Text: PDF (43 kB)Archived web conten
When and Why the Doctrine of a “Rules-Based International Order” Emerged
No full textINTRODUCTION. It is no understatement to say that the “rules-based international order” doctrine, as opposed to the “international order based on law”, has emerged as one of the most debated concepts in global politics during in the late ХХ and early ХХI centuries. This concept presents a framework where general rules of conduct for states, though not norms of jus cogens under general international law, are considered legally binding for all states and other participants in international relations. Consequently, it challenges the traditionally recognized supremacy of international law in governing these relations, seeking to erode established practices of international law-making. This doctrine is actively utilized by leading Western powers to substantiate their political positions and accuse strategic competitors of failing to adhere to these “rules” deemed as legally binding. Understanding the essence and origin of this doctrine is crucial in unraveling its significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The set of used methodological approaches encompass a range of general scientific and specialized methods, including historical analysis, formal logic, synthesis, as well as systemic and comparative legal methods.RESEARCH RESULTS. The research indicates that the doctrine of a rules-based international order entered international diplomatic discourse in the early 1990s, arising as a consequence of the collapse of the Soviet Union and the emergence of a unipolar world.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The author reaches the conclusion that in the context of this emerging unipolarity, the United States deemed it appropriate to unilaterally (or at most in conjunction with its closest allies) dictate universally binding rules of conduct in international relations to the global community. The doctrine of a rules-based internation[1]al order provided the necessary scientific justification to validate such a policy. Initially, this doctrine garnered substantial support in international politics but subsequently faced a decline in its proponents, particularly with the shift towards a polycentric world order. While it continues to exist to some extent, the goals for which it was originally conceived have been largely nullified
Plasma Physics Reports V. 27, I. 01
No full textdc.description[en_US]Plasma Physics Reports -- January 2001
Volume 27, Issue 1, pp. 1-85
TOKAMAKS
Calculation of the Energy Confinement Time and Power Threshold for L���H Transitions in a Tokamak with Allowance for the Parameters of the Transport Barrier
M. V. Ossipenko and S. V. Tsaun
pp. 1-17 Full Text: PDF (215 kB)
Numerical Modeling of L���H Transitions in the Presence of a Radial Current at the Edge of a Tokamak Plasma
R. V. Shurygin
pp. 18-29 Full Text: PDF (185 kB)
Numerical Analysis of the Near Fields of ICRH Antennas in a Tokamak
V. V. Breev, I. A. Kovan, and N. B. Rodionov
pp. 30-35 Full Text: PDF (78 kB)
DUSTY PLASMA
Ordered Dusty Structures in Nuclear-Track Neon and Argon Plasmas
V. I. Vladimirov, L. V. Deputatova, V. I. Molotkov, A. P. Nefedov, V. A. Rykov, V. S. Filinov, V. E. Fortov, and A. V. Khudyakov
pp. 36-43 Full Text: PDF (286 kB)
NONIDEAL PLASMA
Comparative Analysis of the Theoretical Models of a Hot Dense Plasma and the Density Functional Theory
N. Yu. Orlov and V. E. Fortov
pp. 44-55 Full Text: PDF (141 kB)
NONLINEAR PHENOMENA
Observation of Nonlinear Coupling between Drift and Ion-Acoustic Oscillations in Low-Frequency Plasma Turbulence
A. E. Petrov, K. A. Sarksyan, N. N. Skvortsova, and N. K. Kharchev
pp. 56-61 Full Text: PDF (288 kB)
PLASMA DYNAMICS
Dynamics of the Current Front in a Current-Carrying Plasma Bridge
G. I. Dolgachev, A. S. Kingsep, and A. G. Ushakov
pp. 62-67 Full Text: PDF (104 kB)
LOW-TEMPERATURE PLASMA
Generation of Plasma Oscillations in a Low-Pressure Microwave Discharge
A. M. Bystrov and V. B. Gildenburg
pp. 68-75 Full Text: PDF (100 kB)
Calculation of Transport Coefficients with Allowance for the Chemical Composition of a Low-Temperature High-Density Metal Plasma
E. M. Apfelbaum and M. F. Ivanov
pp. 76-81 Full Text: PDF (77 kB)
Optical Characteristics of a Gallium Laser Plasma
A. K. Shuaibov, L. L. Shimon, A. I. Dashchenko, I. V. Shevera, and M. P. Chuchman
pp. 82-85 Full Text: PDF (60 kB)dc.description.contributor[en_US]dc.description.contributor[en_US
PRINCIPLES IN INTERNATIONAL LAW: TERMINOLOGY
No full textIntroduction. In international law the research of the notions “general principles of law”, “basic principles of international law”, “generally recognized (generally binding) principles of international law”, “sectoral principles of international law”, etc., seems to be relevant, due to their fundamental significance. Their content is the subject of many scientific discussions in foreign, as well as in the domestic science.Materials and methods. The research was conducted based on the analysis of the Statute of the International Court of Justice, the Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice, the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969, the Declaration on Principles of International Law, which concern friendly relations and cooperation between states in conformity with the UN Charter 1970, materials of the International Law Commission, the Digest of Justinian and the interpretation of these documents in the doctrine. The research is based on methods such as historical research, formal logic, including analysis, synthesis, and modeling, as well as systematic, comparative and interpretation.Research results. Based on the results of the analysis, the author notes that due to the absence in international law of an official interpretation of the mentioned principles they are not infrequently perceived in the doctrine as synonyms. In particular, “general principles of law, recognized by the civilized nations”, due to the fact that they are noted as sources of international law in Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice, are often perceived as fundamental principles of international law.Discussion and conclusions. The article substantiates the conclusion that the notions “general principles of law”, “basic principles of international law”, “generally recognized (generally binding) principles of international law”, “sectoral principles of international law” have actually different content, despite the fact that they are perceived (by ear) as notions that are very close to each other in meaning or even identical by definition. At the same time, in particular, “general principles of law” constitute not fundamental principles of international law, but the rules of juridical logic and juridical technique that are used in international law in defining and using legal norms, as well as in national legal systems
Plasma Physics Reports V. 27, I. 01
No full textPlasma Physics Reports -- January 2001
Volume 27, Issue 1, pp. 1-85
TOKAMAKS
Calculation of the Energy Confinement Time and Power Threshold for L–H Transitions in a Tokamak with Allowance for the Parameters of the Transport Barrier
M. V. Ossipenko and S. V. Tsaun
pp. 1-17 Full Text: PDF (215 kB)
Numerical Modeling of L–H Transitions in the Presence of a Radial Current at the Edge of a Tokamak Plasma
R. V. Shurygin
pp. 18-29 Full Text: PDF (185 kB)
Numerical Analysis of the Near Fields of ICRH Antennas in a Tokamak
V. V. Breev, I. A. Kovan, and N. B. Rodionov
pp. 30-35 Full Text: PDF (78 kB)
DUSTY PLASMA
Ordered Dusty Structures in Nuclear-Track Neon and Argon Plasmas
V. I. Vladimirov, L. V. Deputatova, V. I. Molotkov, A. P. Nefedov, V. A. Rykov, V. S. Filinov, V. E. Fortov, and A. V. Khudyakov
pp. 36-43 Full Text: PDF (286 kB)
NONIDEAL PLASMA
Comparative Analysis of the Theoretical Models of a Hot Dense Plasma and the Density Functional Theory
N. Yu. Orlov and V. E. Fortov
pp. 44-55 Full Text: PDF (141 kB)
NONLINEAR PHENOMENA
Observation of Nonlinear Coupling between Drift and Ion-Acoustic Oscillations in Low-Frequency Plasma Turbulence
A. E. Petrov, K. A. Sarksyan, N. N. Skvortsova, and N. K. Kharchev
pp. 56-61 Full Text: PDF (288 kB)
PLASMA DYNAMICS
Dynamics of the Current Front in a Current-Carrying Plasma Bridge
G. I. Dolgachev, A. S. Kingsep, and A. G. Ushakov
pp. 62-67 Full Text: PDF (104 kB)
LOW-TEMPERATURE PLASMA
Generation of Plasma Oscillations in a Low-Pressure Microwave Discharge
A. M. Bystrov and V. B. Gildenburg
pp. 68-75 Full Text: PDF (100 kB)
Calculation of Transport Coefficients with Allowance for the Chemical Composition of a Low-Temperature High-Density Metal Plasma
E. M. Apfelbaum and M. F. Ivanov
pp. 76-81 Full Text: PDF (77 kB)
Optical Characteristics of a Gallium Laser Plasma
A. K. Shuaibov, L. L. Shimon, A. I. Dashchenko, I. V. Shevera, and M. P. Chuchman
pp. 82-85 Full Text: PDF (60 kB)Archived web conten
Waves in hyperbolic and double negative metamaterials including rogues and solitons
No full textThe topics here deal with some current progress in electromagnetic wave propagation in a family of substances known as metamaterials. To begin with, it is discussed how a pulse can develop a leading edge that steepens and it is emphasised that such self-steepening is an important inclusion within a metamaterial environment together with Raman scattering and third-order dispersion whenever very short pulses are being investigated. It is emphasised that the self-steepening parameter is highly metamaterial-driven compared to Raman scattering, which is associated with a coefficient of the same form whether a normal positive phase, or a metamaterial waveguide is the vehicle for any soliton propagation. It is also shown that the influence of magnetooptics provides a beautiful and important control mechanism for metamaterial devices and that, in the future, this feature will have a significant impact upon the design of data control systems for optical computing. A major objective is fulfiled by the investigations of the fascinating properties of hyperbolic media that exhibit asymmetry of supported modes due to the tilt of optical axes. This is a topic that really merits elaboration because structural and optical asymmetry in optical components that end up manipulating electromagnetic waves is now the foundation of how to operate some of the most successful devices in photonics and electronics. It is pointed out, in this context, that graphene is one of the most famous plasmonic media with very low losses. It is a two-dimensional material that makes the implementation of an effective-medium approximation more feasible. Nonlinear non-stationary diffraction in active planar anisotropic hyperbolic metamaterials is discussed in detail and two approaches are compared. One of them is based on the averaging over a unit cell, while the other one does not include sort of averaging. The formation and propagation of optical spatial solitons in hyperbolic metamaterials is also considered with a model of the response of hyperbolic metamaterials in terms of the homogenisation ('effective medium') approach. The model has a macroscopic dielectric tensor encompassing at least one negative eigenvalue. It is shown that light propagating in the presence of hyperbolic dispersion undergoes negative (anomalous) diffraction. The theory is ten broadened out to include the influence of the orientation of the optical axis with respect to the propagation wave vector. Optical rogue waves are discussed in terms of how they are influenced, but not suppressed, by a metamaterial background. It is strongly discussed that metamaterials and optical rogue waves have both been making headlines in recent years and that they are, separately, large areas of research to study. A brief background of the inevitable linkage of them is considered and important new possibilities are discussed. After this background is revealed some new rogue wave configurations combining the two areas are presented alongside a discussion of the way forward for the future
Plasma Physics Reports V. 26, I. 07
No full textdc.description[en_US]Plasma Physics Reports -- July 2000
Volume 26, Issue 7, pp. 539-632
TOKAMAKS
Simulation of START Shots with the Canonical Profile Transport Model
Yu. N. Dnestrovskij, M. P. Gryaznevich, A. Yu. Dnestrovskij, J. W. Connor, S. E. Lysenko, K. N. Tarasyan, S. V. Cherkasov, and M. J. Walsh
pp. 539-549 Full Text: PDF (146 kB)
MAGNETIC CONFINEMENT SYSTEMS
Pseudosymmetry Near a Magnetic Surface in a Plasma Confinement System
A. A. Skovoroda
pp. 550-559 Full Text: PDF (119 kB)
PLASMA DYNAMICS
Formation of Current Sheets in Structurally Stable and Structurally Unstable Magnetic Configurations with Two Null Lines
S. V. Bulanov, E. Yu. Echkina, I. N. Inovenkov, F. Pegoraro, and V. V. Pichushkin
pp. 560-574 Full Text: PDF (597 kB)
PLASMA TURBULENCE
Parametric Turbulence���Sustained Gas Discharges
A. I. Akhiezer, V. S. Mikhailenko, V. V. Ol'shansky, and K. N. Stepanov
pp. 575-585 Full Text: PDF (167 kB)
DUSTY PLASMA
Analysis of the Formation of Ordered Dust-Grain Structures in a Thermal Plasma
A. A. Samarian, O. S. Vaulina, A. P. Nefedov, and O. F. Petrov
pp. 586-591 Full Text: PDF (89 kB)
PLASMA ELECTRONICS
Tunable Plasma Relativistic Microwave Amplifier
A. V. Ponomarev, P. S. Strelkov, and A. G. Shkvarunets
pp. 592-597 Full Text: PDF (99 kB)
Generation of Broadband Radio Pulses by a New-Type Reflex Triode with a Virtual Cathode
S. V. Bulychev, A. E. Dubinov, V. S. Zhdanov, I. L. L'vov, S. A. Sadovoy, V. D. Selemir, and V. N. Khaldeev
pp. 598-601 Full Text: PDF (72 kB)
NONLINEAR PHENOMENA
Thomson Scattering in a Plasma Created by a Short Intense Laser Pulse
M. V. Chegotov
pp. 602-605 Full Text: PDF (55 kB)
LOW-TEMPERATURE PLASMA
Negative-Polarity Fast Ionization Wave in Molecular Gases: Electric Field, Electron Density, and Energy Branching
N. B. Anikin, S. M. Starikovskaia, and A. Yu. Starikovskii
pp. 606-616 Full Text: PDF (220 kB)
Continuous Optical Discharge in Crossed Laser Beams
�. B. Kulumbaev and V. M. Lelevkin
pp. 617-620 Full Text: PDF (73 kB)
Continuous Optical Discharge in a Gravitational Field
�. B. Kulumbaev and V. M. Lelevkin
pp. 621-625 Full Text: PDF (88 kB)
BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS
Ion Separation by a Curved Magnetic Field in a Multicomponent Plasma
A. V. Timofeev
pp. 626-627 Full Text: PDF (32 kB)
Pair Correlation Function for a Dusty Plasma
S. A. Maiorov
pp. 628-631 Full Text: PDF (49 kB)
NEW BOOKS
New Textbook on Plasma Electrodynamics: A. F. Aleksandrov and A. A. Rukhadze, Course on Electrodynamics of Plasmalike Media (Mosk. Gos. Univ., Moscow, 1999)
p. 632 Full Text: PDF (15 kB)dc.description.contributor[en_US]dc.description.contributor[en_US
Legal Frontier in the Regulation of Cross-Border Public Relations
No full textINTRODUCTION. When it comes to regulating cross-border relations, the rules of law of a given state, foreign national laws and international legal norms are/may all be applicable. In their entirety, these norms form a sort of buffer zone between existing legal systems, i.e. create a legal phenomenon that can be called a legal frontier. It is within the framework of this frontier that numerous legal phenomena occur, with the very concept of their existence in recent years being either challenged or blatantly denied.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The provisions of international treaties, the national legislation of Russia and other states, as well as numerous works of Russian and foreign researchers were used as materials for this study. The study relies on the general scientific and special methods as its methodological foundation.RESEARCH RESULTS. The study found that foreign laws do not coincide, applying them to regulate crossborder relations leads to cases where relations of the same category are managed differently even within a single state. All known sources of law serve as the generators of norms that govern cross-border relations, which is not the case for either domestic or international interstate relations. Additionally, new sources of international legal norms have emerged and their objective is to regulate cross-border public relations not specified in Art. 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice. The article states that significant changes in the theory of general international law (as well as in the general theory of law) are caused by the emergence of self-executing international legal norms designed to regulate cross-border social relations specifically.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The author comes to the conclusion that the emergence of self-executing international legal norms required a change in the very definition of international law, admitting the impossibility of the existence of any universal theory of the relationship between international and national law, as well as specifying the nature of the object and subject of an international treaty. The use of self-executing international legal norms as regulators of crossborder public relations does not transform these relations into international interstate relations and does not turn their subjects into subjects of international law. These relations remain as cross-border relations, and their subjects have an exclusively cross-border legal standing, regardless of which legal system norm was responsible for regulating them
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