216 research outputs found
La persona como creatura
No full textInternational audienceEmmanuel Housset's paper is an effort to revitalize the concept of 'person' for contemporary philosophy and phenomenology To this end the author looks to show how little by little the understanding of 'person' took on a different meaning to that of 'character' or "right bearing individual". It is in authors such as St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas that a different approach is found, one that puts emphasis on the relational and responsive character of a person, rather than on the autonomous and auto telic dimension. According to Housset, such a dimension appears together with the idea of the person as a creation, and in opposition to the idea of the rational individual, that is his own master. The emotional dimension and the personality that is awoken by the many figures of alterity are some of the dimensions of the person that the author analyzes, based on examining the flesh, passions, memory historicity and love.El artículo de Emmanuel Housset implica un esfuerzo de rehabilitación del concepto «persona» para la filosofía contemporánea y la fenomenología. Para ello el autor busca mostrar cómo poco a poco «persona» tomó otra significación que la de «personaje» o sujeto de derecho. Es en autores como san Agustín y santo Tomás de Aquino que se halla un acceso diferente que pone el énfasis más bien en su carácter relacional y responsivo de la persona, antes que en su dimensión autónoma y autotélica. Tal dimensión aparece, según Housset, junto con la idea de persona como creatura y en oposición a la de individuo racional dueño de sí. La dimensión afectiva, la personalidad despertada por las diversas figuras de la alteridad son algunas de las dimensiones de la persona que examina el autor a partir del examen de la carne, las pasiones, la memoria, la historicidad y el amor alteridad
[The diagnostic contribution of complementary tests].
No full textInternational audienceThe increasing number of complementary examinations in pneumology often makes it difficult to choose the appropriate tests for optimal investigation. After specifying the conditions in which reference values are established, the authors discuss the general principles of decisional analysis, i.e. sensitivity and specificity, probability ratios, the role of the disease prevalence in interpreting results (Bayes' theorem) and the odds ratio. Practical applications of these principles with regard to diagnosis and therapy in pneumology are also discussed
[Demography of lung specialists in France].
No full textInternational audienceINTRODUCTION: This article analyses the medical demography data in France, particularly the situation concerning lung specialists. METHODS: Study of the published data, particularly institutional reports (Ministry of Health, Sickness Insurance). RESULTS: The demography is characterised by important differences between specialties, regions, and salaried and private practice, as well as the effects of ageing and the increasing numbers of female practitioners. Lung specialists are, on average, younger and more evenly distributed between the different types of practice. Nevertheless they risk experiencing the same difficulties as other specialties in responding to the needs of the French population. The principle proposals of the public authorities concern the restriction of numbers, the regulation of established specialists and new methods of access to the speciality. CONCLUSIONS: Medical demography has a major role in the future of the French health care system
[Diagnostic strategies of pulmonary pneumocystis infection in patients with HIV infection. Decision analysis and medico-economic consequences].
No full textInternational audienceP. carinii pneumonia is one of the most frequent opportunistic infections in HIV-infected patients. Clinical and radiological manifestations are non-specific and reference diagnostic procedure remains broncho-alveolar lavage which is costly and invasive. Alternative diagnostic strategies have been proposed. We report here our experience as well as literature date in this field with the purpose to show the usefulness of decision analysis techniques in choosing an optimal cost-effective strategy
Cost-analysis of four diagnostic strategies for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-infected subjects.
No full textInternational audienceThe aim of this study was to analyse the cost-effectiveness ratio of four diagnostic strategies for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Two hundred and ten HIV-infected patients with suspected PCP underwent induced-sputum (IS) followed, if negative, by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL); 85 of these patients were able to undergo an exercise test (ET), prior to induced sputum and BAL. The following strategies were analysed: BAL strategy (BAL whenever PCP is suspected); IS strategy (induced sputum followed by BAL if negative); exercise test (ET) strategy, (ET followed by BAL if the results are abnormal); and the ES (exercise sputum) strategy (i.e. BAL only after abnormal ET and negative IS). The cost of each strategy was calculated by taking into account only direct costs; the conditions in which two given strategies would be cost-equivalent were also evaluated. The prevalence of PCP in this population was 31%; IS had 100% specificity and 71% sensitivity, whilst ET had 100% sensitivity and 77% specificity. The costs of BAL, IS, ET and ES strategies were 210,000, 191,940, 140,700 and 112,700 FF, respectively. The ES strategy is, thus, most suitable for our unit. The most economic strategy depends not only on the cost and characteristics of the procedures, but also on the prevalence of PCP in the test population. In conclusion, we developed a model for use by diagnostic centres in choosing the most suitable strategy, on the basis of the local prevalence of PCP
[Filarial eosinophilic lung. Apropos of a case].
No full textInternational audiencePulmonary eosinophilia due to filariasis is a form of filarial infection which is frequent in endemic zones but very much rarer in Europe where it is always "imported". In this case report the authors specify the clinical characteristics and pathophysiology of this disease
[Geriatric AIDS (6 years after pneumonectomy). Apropos of a case].
No full textInternational audienceThe authors report a case of AIDS in a 77-year old man, 6 years after pneumonectomy for epidermoid lung cancer. They take this opportunity to review the epidemiological, clinical and prognostic characteristics of geriatric AIDS
But Is It Art? Female Performers in the Café-Concert
No full textThe Café-Concert as an object of study has tended to attract the interest of art rather than theatre historians, despite the fact that it was the major form of popular entertainment in France during the nineteenth century. Similar but not identical to the English music hall of the same period, the Café-Concert produced a number of stars of national importance, a large majority of whom were women. Through the writings of journalists and commentators of the period, this article explores how these female performers were perceived and constructed as objects of the public gaze. The author, Geraldine Harris, is a Lecturer in Theatre Studies at the University of Lancaster, with interests in both popular and feminist theatre
[Consequences of specific prevention on the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with HIV infection. Comité SIDA de l'Hôpital Saint-Antoine].
No full textInternational audienceIn a prospective study the authors compared the clinical, radiological, biochemical and diagnostic features of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in HIV-infected patients who were or were not receiving a specific prophylactic treatment. The study included 386 patients with suspected PCP, 201 of whom were under specific prophylactic therapy. Induced expectoration and/or bronchoalveolar lavage provided a diagnosis of PCP in 89 patients, 21 of whom were under specific prophylaxis. Apart from a number of circulating CD4 lymphocytes that was significantly lower in the patients under prophylaxis, there was no significant difference between the two groups. Thus, being under specific prophylaxis should have no effect on the diagnosis of PCP in HIV-infected patients
[The cost components of the management strategies for lung cancer in France].
No full textInternational audienceINTRODUCTION: To evaluate the average cost of therapeutic strategies for the management of lung cancer in relation to histological type and diagnostic staging and of the individual components of the management strategy. METHODS: Samples were taken between 1 September 1998 and 30 June 1999 from centres with sufficient numbers of lung cancer (LC) cases. All events over an 18 Month period were collected from a retrospective analysis of the records. A Markov model was constructed based on decision branches for localised and diffuse small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Several components of management were identified: first line treatment, second line treatment, observation, terminal care and death. RESULTS: The average cost of LC was 22,006 Euro (10,631-36,296) for one year and 25,643 Euro (10,631-46,191) for two years. For SCLC the average annual costs were 22,420 Euro for diffuse disease and 27,098 for localised disease. For NSCLC the totals ranged from 19,543 Euro for inoperable stage I and II tumours to 39,424 for operable tumours. The cost for stage IV tumours was 24,383 Euro. The cost components over two Years varied according to the tumour type. The cost of diagnosis ranged from 6-14%, the cost of management and of terminal care from 33-45% of the total. Analyses of sensitivity confirmed that whatever the histological type or diagnostic staging the percentage of patients initially treated actively (that is to say not by palliative care) had the greatest effect on the total cost, greater than the costs of terminal care and of two courses of chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: This model has allowed for the first time the calculation of the contributions of the different therapeutic components to the total cost of the management of lung cancer in France. In the future it will allow analysis of the economic impact of new methods of treatment
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