2,854 research outputs found
Insider Liability for Short-Swing Profits Pursuant to Mergers and Related Transactions
No full textThis article considers the problems presented by the application of section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to corporate merger transactions. Mr. Hemmer argues that the matching across proposal, which has been suggested by some commentators, should not be applied to the merger situation. Instead, the author advocates that the possibility of abuse test, which the courts have applied to conversion transactions, should also. be applicable to the corporate merger. Mr. Hemmer feels this approach will prevent the abuses for which section 16(b) was enacted and, at the same time, provide the courts with a flexible test for this complex area
Bosnia-Herzegovina: Constructing Civil Society Under a Semi-Protectorate
No full textCivil society in Bosnia-Herzegovina (henceforth Bosnia or BiH) is weak and divided, but slowly rising to the political role it will have to play to make peace and democracy sustainable.1 Bosnia is simultaneously recovering from the legacy of communism and three and a half years of the most brutal conflict in Europe since WWII. Massive human dislocation caused by the war resulted in ethnically homogeneous areas frequently controlled by the same political parties responsible for the carnage. Unemployment is almost 40 percent,2 and corruption is widespread. In this context, Bosnian citizens are often more concerned by issues of economic survival than by participation in the public sphere. Yet, despite this difficult environment, Bosnian civil society has provided important contributions to the peacebuilding process. Many civil society groups have been engaged in rebuilding relationships and mediating between ethnic communities to facilitate the post-war return of refugees and displaced persons. An increasing number are involved in building the civic attitudes and practices that are necessary for democracy to work, and a few civic initiatives have resulted in legal changes that are helpful to cementing the peace
Child labour and international trade: An economic perspective
No full textChild labour is a widespread phenomenon. Although economic activities of children have been commonplace even before the industrialisation, it has in the meanwhile become a lasting symbol of the industrial revolution and of industrialisation in general. In most countries the inclusion of children in the labour force is legally restricted. Nevertheless, economic activities of children, most of these within their families, continue to be an everyday feature of economic development, especially in the poorer countries. Beside cultural or social factors, these economic activities are mainly determined by economic forces. Hence, economic conditions most likely play a fundamental role in explaining child labour. Economic development trends which change the economic conditions therefore influence the extent of child labour. --
Recommendations for the calculation of the total disturbing return current from electric traction vehicles
No full textThe superposition of the conducted interference produced by multiple electric traction vehicles into a track section is considered in the frequency range up to 20 kHz. The subject is important not only for estimation of the disturbance produced by new rolling stock in plausible traffic conditions, but also for each railway operator to fix adequate limits for the return current of each unit. The analysis is performed on a reference ac single track line of overall 50-km length. First, the sources of interference are classified, with particular attention to the synchronization issue and phase displacement. Then, the railway line properties as the mean of conductive coupling are identified (attenuation and phase rotation versus frequency and length). Last, a preliminary attempt is made to derive summation rules for disturbance from different vehicles
Ves v 5 can establish the diagnosis in patients without detectable specific IgE to wasp venom and a possible north-south difference in Api m 1 sensitization in Europe.
No full textauthor reply 818-9;
Comment on
High sensitivity of CAP-FEIA rVes v 5 and rVes v 1 for diagnosis of Vespula venom allergy. [J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012
Cooperation of B cells and T cells in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.
No full textB cells and T cells are two major players in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and cooperate at various check points. B cells, besides serving as a source for antibody-secreting plasma cells, are efficient antigen presenting cells for processing of intact myelin antigen and subsequent activation and pro-inflammatory differentiation of T cells. This notion is supported by the immediate clinical benefit of therapeutic B cell depletion in MS, presumably abrogating development of encephalitogenic T cells. However, different B cell subsets strongly vary in their respective effect on T cell differentiation which may relate to B cell phenotype, activation status, antigen specificity and the immunological environment where a B cell encounters a naïve T cell in. In this regard, some B cells also have anti-inflammatory properties producing regulatory cytokines and facilitating development and maintenance of other immunomodulatory immune cells, such as regulatory T cells. Reciprocally, differentiated T cells influence T cell polarizing B cell properties establishing a positive feedback loop of joint pro- or anti-inflammatory B and T cell developments. Further, under the control of activated T helper cells, antigen-primed B cells can switch immunoglobulin isotype, terminally commit to the plasma cell pathway or enter the germinal center reaction to memory B Cell development. Taken together, B cells and T cells thus closely support one another to participate in the pathogenesis of MS in an inflammatory but also in a regulatory manner
Damage growth in fibre bundle models with localized load sharing and environmentally-assisted ageing
No full textFavourable response to plasma exchange in tumefactive CNS demyelination with delayed B-cell response
No full text We report a case of multiple sclerosis-associated fulminant tumefactive demyelinating lesion (TDL) with the special feature of delayed humoral immune response. Plasma exchange (PE) yielded significant benefit in two consecutive steroid-unresponsive relapses, while signs of an intrathecal B-cell response were only present 2 years later at the second relapse. Remission was achieved and sustained thereafter with natalizumab. Our case indicates that PE might be a therapeutic option even when the B-cell response is not fully developed. This delay in the development of a humoral immune response may reflect the step-wise B-cell colonization of the CNS and represent an attractive therapeutic window of opportunity. </jats:p
Assessing the effect of exercise on dial-task cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease
No full textThis work was produced while the author was an undergraduate student in the Summer Research Institute of the Ronald E. McNair Post Baccalaureate Degree Achievement Program at Rutgers University
The Relationship Between Future Self-Continuity and Predictions in Illness Cognition
No full textThis work was produced while the author was an undergraduate student in the Summer Research Institute of the Ronald E. McNair Post Baccalaureate Degree Achievement Program at Rutgers University
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