5,120 research outputs found
Geheimdienste - Netzwerke und Macht : im Gedenken an Hans Eckert, Basler Advokat, Flüchtlingshelfer, Nachrichtenmann, 1912-2011
No full textAn enzymatic mechanism for calcium current inactivation in dialysed Helix neurones
No full text'Wash-out' and inactivation of the Ca current were examined in dialysed, voltage-clamped neurones of Helix aspersa under conditions that isolate the Ca current virtually free of other currents. EGTA or other internal Ca2+ chelators were routinely omitted from the dialysate. The time-dependent loss, or wash-out, of Ca current was slowed by addition to the dialysing solution of agents, such as dibutyryl adenosine 3'-5'-cyclic monophosphate (dibutyryl cyclic AMP), Mg adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and the catalytic subunit of cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase, that promote protein phosphorylation and by EGTA. However, neither the phosphorylation-promoting agents nor internal EGTA prevented wash-out entirely, nor did they significantly restore previously 'washed-out' current. With phosphorylating agents in the dialysing solution, the irreversible development of wash-out was greatly reduced by introduction of leupeptin, an inhibitor of protease activity. Thus, the irreversible component of wash-out appears to result from a Ca-dependent proteolytic process. In the presence of leupeptin alone, Ca current amplitude continued to decline: however, the current could be largely or fully restored with addition of catalytic subunit, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, and Mg ATP to the dialysing solution. Thus, inhibition of proteolysis revealed a reversible component of wash-out that appears to result from dephosphorylation. During perfusion with leupeptin, Mg ATP, dibutyryl cyclic AMP and catalytic subunit the Ca current remained stable for up to several hours without addition of internal Ca2+ buffer. The rate of inactivation of the current that occurs during a depolarizing step showed only a very gradual decline during this time. Under these conditions, perfusion with calcineurin, a Ca-calmodulin-dependent phosphatase, caused a significant increase in the rate of Ca current inactivation. This inactivation was virtually eliminated by introduction of EGTA or by replacement of external Ca2+ with Ba2+, which is consistent with the ion dependency for calmodulin-dependent activation of calcineurin. When ATP in the dialysate was replaced with ATP-gamma-S (adenosine 5'-O-(thiotriphosphate], an analogue that donates a thiophosphate group resistant to hydrolysis, the rate of inactivation slowed. Since Ca-dependent inactivation during step depolarizations is enhanced by conditions that promote dephosphorylation, and Ca current wash-out is slowed by conditions that promote phosphorylation, inactivation and reversible wash-out appear to be related
Contribution of JAM-1 to epithelial differentiation and tight-junction biogenesis in the mouse preimplantation embryo
No full textWe have investigated the contribution of the tight junction (TJ) transmembrane protein junction-adhesion-molecule 1 (JAM-1) to trophectoderm epithelial differentiation in the mouse embryo. JAM-1-encoding mRNA is expressed early from the embryonic genome and is detectable as protein from the eight-cell stage. Immunofluorescence confocal analysis of staged embryos and synchronized cell clusters revealed JAM-1 recruitment to cell contact sites occurred predominantly during the first hour after division to the eight-cell stage, earlier than any other TJ protein analysed to date in this model and before E-cadherin adhesion and cell polarization. During embryo compaction later in the fourth cell cycle, JAM-1 localized transiently yet precisely to the apical microvillous pole, where protein kinase C (PKC) and PKC are also found, indicating a role in cell surface reorganization and polarization. Subsequently, in morulae and blastocysts, JAM-1 is distributed ubiquitously at cell contact sites within the embryo but is concentrated within the trophectoderm apicolateral junctional complex, a pattern resembling that of E-cadherin and nectin-2. However, treatment of embryos with anti-JAM-1-neutralizing antibodies indicated that JAM-1 did not contribute to global embryo compaction and adhesion but rather regulated the timing of blastocoel cavity formation dependent upon establishment of the trophectoderm TJ paracellular seal
Eleonora V. Eckert
No full textOne day, relatively early in my term as Editor-in-Chief of the Michigan Law Review, Ele Eckert came to me with a draft of a student note that had been given to our secretary for typing. The secretary had turned to Ele in despair. Page after page of yellow legal paper had been filled with minuscule pencil scratches and then elaborately decorated with even more minuscule additions and emendations. Red lines and blue lines and green lines, overlapping each other and occasionally blurring together, wove in and out among the pencil scratches. I asked the editor who had produced this colorful, if illegible, masterpiece if he could read it. Of course not, he replied, but it\u27s not my job to type up manuscripts
Globale Perspektiven
No full textLeisering L, Mayer-Ahuja N, Burchardt H-J, Eckert A. Globale Perspektiven. In: Busemeyer M, Ebbinghaus B, Leibfried S, Mayer-Ahuja N, Obinger H, Pfau-Effinger B, eds. Wohlfahrtspolitik im 21. Jahrhundert. Neue Wege der Forschung. Frankfurt a.M./New York: Campus; 2013: 177-187
Eleonora V. Eckert
No full textOne day, relatively early in my term as Editor-in-Chief of the Michigan Law Review, Ele Eckert came to me with a draft of a student note that had been given to our secretary for typing. The secretary had turned to Ele in despair. Page after page of yellow legal paper had been filled with minuscule pencil scratches and then elaborately decorated with even more minuscule additions and emendations. Red lines and blue lines and green lines, overlapping each other and occasionally blurring together, wove in and out among the pencil scratches. I asked the editor who had produced this colorful, if illegible, masterpiece if he could read it. Of course not, he replied, but it\u27s not my job to type up manuscripts
Sleep Quality as a Novel Mediator of Reductions in Daytime Breathlessness With Low-dose Morphine in People With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
No full textD. J. Eckert, B. Toson, K. A. Loffler, M. P. Ekstrom, D. Currow, T. J. Altre
Self-Regulation by Associations: Collective Action Problems in European Environmental Regulation
No full textHow and to what effect do firms coordinate their actions in order to deal with the negative external effects of productive activity? Under which conditions do firm associations engage in environmental self-regulation and what kind of governance devices do they develop in order to tackle the specific regulatory challenges at stake? Is the 'shadow of hierarchy', the credible threat of legislation, executive intervention or court rulings, a necessary condition for associative action to emerge? Or is it only necessary if a redistributive problem is at stake? These are the questions discussed in this article. We will first develop the theoretical argument based on economic institutionalism, derive hypotheses and then submit the propositions to a first empirical assessment of associative self-regulation on waste recycling in the plastic and paper industry.governance; self-regulation; shadow of hierarchy; transaction cost theory.
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