78 research outputs found
Designer Sorghum Combining the High Digestibility and Waxy Grain Traits of Sorghum for Improved Nutrition Bioethanol Beer Feed and Food Products
No full textSorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L). Moench) is used for human consumption in parts of Africa and Asia and as an animal feed mainly in the U.S. Though sorghum grain contains higher amounts of protein than other cereal grains such as wheat and corn, it is not as readily available for enzyme degradation in humans and animals. Protein body matrices called kafirins surround the starch granules in sorghum. Because the protein is less digestible, the starch is also less digestible for biofuel production. However variation for this trait exists and the line P850029 has a higher protein digestibility compared to other normal grain sorghum lines. This increase in digestibility of protein is due to the rearrangement of the kafirins in the prolamin protein bodies where, the ��-kafirins are rearranged in the seed endosperm and the amount of ��-kafirin in the grain is also reduced. The assay to phenotype the HD trait is time consuming and unpredictable. So identifying a quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling the protein digestibility trait in sorghum would be beneficial in breeding. A recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population derived from P850029 x ���Sureno���, were developed and used to map QTL regulating the protein digestibility trait. A single QTL was identified on chromosome 1 between Xtxp43 and Xtxp329. Validation of the identified QTL was done on heterogenous inbred families (HIFs). The results validate the same QTL identified on the RIL population on chromosome 1.
Later the high digestibility trait (HD) was integrated with the Waxy trait in sorghum. The Waxy (WX) sorghums have starch completely in the form of amylopectin. The effect of endosperm type on ethanol yield and fermentation efficiencies was studied among HD, WX and HD-WX lines. The HD-WX lines fermented in a shorter time i.e. completed fermentation in 48 h and their fermentation efficiencies were also higher around 90%. The DDGS of the HD-WX lines also had lower residual starch content and 50% higher amino acid lysine content when compared to wildtype sorghum.
Moreover, the relation between endosperm traits and grain yield in sorghum has not been fully explored. In this study, we compared the yield and yield components of four unique endosperm phenotypes, HD, WX, HD-WX and wildtype lines. A total of 100 F2:4 derived recombinant inbred lines population from a cross between Tx2907/P850029 were selected with 25 lines from each HD, WX, HD-WX and wild-type line were included in the study. These lines were grown in three replications in College Station and Halfway, Texas in a randomized complete block design. The results show that there are no significant differences in the grain yield
Multimedia Data Mining Framework for Raw Video Sequences
No full textAbstract. We extend our previous work [1] of the general framework for video data mining to further address the issue such as how to mine video data, in other words, how to extract previously unknown knowledge and detect interesting patterns. In our previous work, we have developed how to segment the incoming raw video stream into meaningful pieces, and how to extract and represent some feature (i.e., motion) for characterizing the segmented pieces. We extend this work as follows. To extract motions, we use an accumulation of quantized pixel differences among all frames in a video segment. As a result, the accumulated motions of segment are represented as a two dimensional matrix. We can get very accurate amount of motion in a segment using this matrix. Further, we develop how to capture the location of motions occurring in a segment using the same matrix generated for the calculation of the amount. We study how to cluster those segmented pieces using the features (the amount and the location of motions) we extract by the matrix above. We investigate an algorithm to find whether a segment has normal or abnormal events by clustering and modeling normal events, which occur mostly. In addition to deciding normal or abnormal, the algorithm computes Degree of Abnormality of a segment, which represents to what extent a segment is distant to the existing segments in relation with normal events. Our experimental studies indicate that the proposed techniques are promising
A reliable unsupervised sensor data fusion method for fault detection in brushless direct current motors
No full textThis paper introduces an efficient and reliable unsupervised method for detecting faults in a brushless direct current (BLDC) motor based on abnormality identification in sensor-acquired vibration and sound signals through multi resolution decompostion and analysis. The research utilizes the double-density dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DD-DT-CWT) to extract important features from vibration signals, and incorporates audio feature extraction for the sound signals. The captured signals are divided into overlapping segments to improve fault localization, and the features of each segment are organized in a coefficient matrix. Subsequently, singular value decomposition (SVD) is applied to the resulting coefficient matrix from the vibration and audio signals. To effectively monitor the motor’s condition, the singular values from both sets of sensor data are combined. Analysing the decay patterns of the singular values enables the identification of faults in the BLDC motor under test. By establishing a suitable threshold for the decay slope of the singular values, the proposed method can accurately and precisely identify and categorize various faults in BLDC motors. This early fault detection can prompt predictive maintenance to ensure the optimal performance, reduced downtime and longevity of BLDC motors
N-(3-Chlorophenyl)benzenesulfonamide
No full textIn the crystal structure of the title compound, C12H10ClNO2S, the N—H bond is trans to one of the S=O bonds. The two aromatic rings form a dihedral angle of 65.4 (1)°, compared with a value of 49.1 (1)° in N-(2-chlorophenyl)-benzenesulfonamide. The molecules are connected by intermolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds into chains running along the b axis
4-Chlorophenyl 4-chlorobenzoate
No full textThe structure of the title compound (4CP4CBA), C13H8Cl2O2, resembles those of 4-methylphenyl 4-chlorobenzoate (4MP4CBA), 4-chlorophenyl 4-methylbenzoate (4CP4MBA) and 4-methylphenyl 4-methylbenzoate (4MP4MBA), with similar bond parameters. The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings in 4CP4CBA is 47.98 (7)°, compared with 51.86 (4)° in 4MP4CBA, 63.89 (8)° in 4CP4MBA and 63.57 (5)° in 4MP4MBA. In the crystal structure, molecules are linked into helical chains running along the b axis by C—H—O hydrogen bonds
Studies On The Impact Of Heavy Metal Chromium On Protein Metabolism In Sphaerodema Rusticum (Heteroptera: Belastomatidae)
No full textThe effects of median lethal concentration of heavy metal chromium (14ppm for 48h) exhibited a significant decline in the contents of protein and amino acid in the haemolymph, fat body, testis, seminal vesicle. The toxicity impact of chromium on S.rusticum was appropriate to be comparatively higher than any other insects, since it was its own tolerance limit beyond 48h (14 ppm) concentration in the aquatic environment. This suggests that the non-target organisms like S.rusticum could be used as an effective indicator to assess the extent of chromium pollution in the aquatic environment
Conjunctival melanosis with retinal vessel tortuosity: An unusual presentation of Sturge–Weber syndrome
No full textSturge–Weber syndrome (SWS) is a rare neuro-oculocutaneous disorder. The classical signs are unilateral facial port wine stain, leptomeningeal angiomas, and their sequele with ipsilateral glaucoma. Here, we are reporting two cases of SWS associated with conjunctival melanosis and retinal vascular tortuosity. This unusual coincidence maybe representative of a unique entity named phacomatosis pigmentovascularis
Investigations on ZnOGraphene Oxide Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites: Synthesis, Functional Properties and Applications
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