512 research outputs found
Genome-wide mapping of genomic DNA damage: methods and implications
No full textExposures from the external and internal environments lead to the modification of genomic DNA, which is implicated in the cause of numerous diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular, pulmonary and neurodegenerative diseases, together with ageing. However, the precise mechanism(s) linking the presence of damage, to impact upon cellular function and pathogenesis, is far from clear. Genomic location of specific forms of damage is likely to be highly informative in understanding this process, as the impact of downstream events (e.g. mutation, microsatellite instability, altered methylation and gene expression) on cellular function will be positional—events at key locations will have the greatest impact. However, until recently, methods for assessing DNA damage determined the totality of damage in the genomic location, with no positional information. The technique of “mapping DNA adductomics” describes the molecular approaches that map a variety of forms of DNA damage, to specific locations across the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. We propose that integrated comparison of this information with other genome-wide data, such as mutational hotspots for specific genotoxins, tumour-specific mutation patterns and chromatin organisation and transcriptional activity in non-cancerous lesions (such as nevi), pre-cancerous conditions (such as polyps) and tumours, will improve our understanding of how environmental toxins lead to cancer. Adopting an analogous approach for non-cancer diseases, including the development of genome-wide assays for other cellular outcomes of DNA damage, will improve our understanding of the role of DNA damage in pathogenesis more generally
A Study of a Mini-drift GEM Tracking Detector
No full textA GEM tracking detector with an extended drift region has been studied as part of an effort to develop new tracking detectors for future experiments at RHIC and for the Electron Ion Collider that is being planned for BNL or JLAB. The detector consists of a triple GEM stack with a 1.6 cm drift region that was operated in a mini TPC type configuration. Both the position and arrival time of the charge deposited in the drift region were measured on the readout plane which allowed the reconstruction of a short vector for the track traversing the chamber. The resulting position and angle information from the vector could then be used to improve the position resolution of the detector for larger angle tracks, which deteriorates rapidly with increasing angle for conventional GEM tracking detectors using only charge centroid information. Two types of readout planes were studied. One was a COMPASS style readout plane with 400 μm pitch XY strips and the other consisted of 2 × 10 mm 2 chevron pads. The detector was studied in test beams at Fermilab and CERN, along with additional measurements in the lab, in order to determine its position and angular resolution for incident track angles up to 45 degrees. Several algorithms were studied for reconstructing the vector using the position and timing information in order to optimize the position and angular resolution of the detector for the different readout planes. Applications for large angle tracking detectors at RHIC and EIC are also discussed
Single-spin asymmetry of J/ψ production in p+p, p+Al, and p+Au collisions with transversely polarized proton beams at √sNN=200 GeV
No full textWe report the transverse single-spin asymmetries of J/ψ production at forward and backward rapidity, 1.2This article is published as Aidala, C., Y. Akiba, M. Alfred, V. Andrieux, N. Apadula, H. Asano, B. Azmoun et al. "Single-spin asymmetry of J/ψ production in p+ p, p+ Al, and p+ Au collisions with transversely polarized proton beams at s N N= 200 GeV." Physical Review D 98, no. 1 (2018): 012006. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.98.012006. Posted with permission.</p
Measurements of μμ pairs from open heavy flavor and Drell-Yan in p + p collisions at √s = 200 GeV
No full textPHENIX reports differential cross sections of mu mu pairs from semileptonic heavy-flavor decays and the Drell-Yan production mechanism measured in p + p collisions at root s = 200 GeV at forward and backward rapidity (1.2 This article is published as Aidala, C., Y. Akiba, M. Alfred, V. Andrieux, N. Apadula, H. Asano, B. Azmoun et al. "Measurements of μ μ pairs from open heavy flavor and Drell-Yan in p+ p collisions at s= 200 GeV." Physical Review D 99, no. 7 (2019): 072003. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.99.072003. Posted with permission.</p
Measurement of charm and bottom production from semileptonic hadron decays in p + p collisions at √s = 200 GeV
No full textMeasurements of the differential production of electrons from open-heavy-flavor hadrons with charm- and bottom-quark content in p+p collisions at √s=200 GeV are presented. The measurements proceed through displaced-vertex analyses of electron tracks from the semileptonic decay of charm and bottom hadrons using the PHENIX silicon-vertex detector. The relative contribution of electrons from bottom decays to inclusive heavy-flavor-electron production is found to be consistent with fixed-order-plus-next-to-leading-log perturbative-QCD calculations within experimental and theoretical uncertainties. These new measurements in p+p collisions provide a precision baseline for comparable forthcoming measurements in A+A collisions.This article is published as Aidala, C., Y. Akiba, M. Alfred, V. Andrieux, N. Apadula, H. Asano, B. Azmoun et al. "Measurement of charm and bottom production from semileptonic hadron decays in p+ p collisions at s= 200 GeV." Physical Review D 99, no. 9 (2019): 092003. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.99.092003. Posted with permission.</p
A VUV gas transmission monitor and recirculating gas system for the PHENIX hadron blind detector
No full textA study of the performance of the gas transmission monitor of the PHENIX Hadron Blind Detector
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Exploring the Role of FDG PET CT Scan in Detecting High Grade Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
No full textIntroduction. Diffuse B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Currently, the standard method for evaluating patients at the initial stages of cancer diagnosis in Mashhad oncology centers involves computed tomography scans (CT scans), histopathological evaluation of tissue, bone marrow sampling, and cytogenetic studies, all of which are time-consuming and costly. It is worth mentioning that at present, the most recommended approach for determining lymphoma staging is the FDG-PET/CT scan, which combines labeled glucose with CT scan and offers a more accurate alternative. The objective of this study is to explore the potential of FDG-PET/CT scan as a tool for detecting high-grade lymphoma.Methods. In this study, patients with different types of DLBCL who underwent FDG-PET Scan for staging at Razavi Hospital, Mashhad, Iran between 2017 and 2021 were examined. The necessary clinical and paraclinical information, including the stage of the disease, the involved site at the time of diagnosis, the result of immunohistochemical examination, and the response to treatment were collected. FDG-PET Scan information including the extent of involvement and metabolic activity of the tumor before the start of treatment, pathological characteristics of the tumor, clinical behavior, and response to treatment in the form of response rate (RR), disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of the patients. Was also investigated. Aggressive histology in the present study was classified based on morphological characteristics and immunohistochemical staining, prognostic indicators, clinical behavior and response to treatment. Data were analyzed using SPSS software at a significance level of p<0.05.Results. Comparing the two groups of patients with high grade histology (n=12) and NOS (n=14), the results showed that SUV max values in patients with aggressive lymphoma were 27.5 ± 15.6 (median 25.6) and in patients with NOS lymphoma was 15.4 ± 9.8 (median 14.4) (p=0.01). The overall survival of patients in the aggressive group was 10 months and in the non-aggressive group was 24 months (p=0.002). Also, the cut — off -point of 21.1 for SUV max has a sensitivity of 66 % and a specificity of 72 % in differentiating aggressive from non-aggressive types.Conclusion. The results revealed that FDG PET CT Scan can provide valuable insights into differentiating lymphomas with a more aggressive type from their usual types, as those with heightened metabolic activity (SUVmax) are often indicative of aggressive behaviors
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