1,245 research outputs found
FIGURE 4. Trignocorypha angustata a–c in A new species of Trigonocorypha (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) from Tamilnadu, India
No full textFIGURE 4. Trignocorypha angustata a–c, male; a, adult DV; b, adult LV; c, male genital plate; a–e female; a, adult, DV; b, pronotum DV; c, pronotum LV; d, cercus; e, ovipositor LV. Scale bar: 4 mm (Courtesy: Waheed Ali Panhwar et al., 2014)Published as part of Senthilkumar, Natchiappan & Divya, Govindaraj, 2020, A new species of Trigonocorypha (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) from Tamilnadu, India, pp. 189-195 in Zootaxa 4802 (1) on page 193, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4802.1.13, http://zenodo.org/record/390486
Entomopathogenic Fungi for the Management of Calopepla leayana on Gmelina arborea
No full textEntomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae were isolated and identified as natural pathogens of Calopepla leayana. Both the species of fungi were effective against the larval and adult stages of C. leayana causing white and green muscardine diseases respectively. It was also found that B. bassiana was more pathogenic to the pest as compared to M. anisopliae. The susceptibility of larvae and adults was negatively associated with the age and positively associated with the fungal spore concentration. In all the stages from I instar to adult, the highest mortality was observed in 10% of 1x109 spores/ml concentration of B. bassiana among 1, 2.5, 5 & 10% of 1x109 spores/ml concentration. It was also reflected in probit analysis that the concentration of spores required to kill fifty percent of the population was ranges from 0.09% to 5.98% of 1x109 spores/ml concentration of B. bassiana and 1.02% to 9.72% of 1x109 spores/ml concentration of M. anisopliae. The larvae of I instar have shown highest mortality, which gradually decreased with the increase in age or decrease in the concentration of fungal spores. Mass production of B. bassiana using different substrates was attempted to harvest ample amount of spores. This study revealed that spore production was directly proportional to the mycelial weight and incubation period. From the seven substrates tested, wheat flour was identified as one of the suitable substrates for the mass production of B. bassiana. A field trial was conducted to test their efficacy under field conditions. 72-93% mortality was observed in field conditions.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Division of Bioprospecting, Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Coimbatore-641002, Tamilnadu, India*Corresponding author, Email: [email protected] This Article As: N. Senthilkumar and S. Murugesan. 2010. Entomopathogenic Fungi for the Management of Calopepla leayana on Gmelina arborea. J. Ecobiotechnol. 2(3): 01-0
Mucocele: An unusual presentation of the minor salivary gland lesion
No full textA mucocele is a benign, mucus-containing cystic lesion of the minor salivary gland. This type of lesion is most commonly referred to as mucocele. The more common is a mucus extravasation cyst; the other is a mucus retention cyst. Other three clinical variants are: Superficial mucocele that is located directly under the mucosa, classic variant located in the upper submucosa, and deep mucocele located in the lower cornium. Mucocele occurs either due to rupture of salivary gland duct or by blockade of salivary gland duct. The common site of occurrence of mucocele is lower lip followed by tongue, floor of mouth (ranula), and the buccal mucosa
GC-MS Analysis of Bio-Active Compounds in Aqueous Extract of Boerhaavia Diffusa, Euphorbia Hirta and Amaranthus Polygonoides
No full textMedicinal plants have had a crucial role in human culture and civilization. The present study deals with the Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy analysis of Boerhaavia diffusa, Euphorbia hirta and Amaranthus polygonoides, which have various medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to investigate and characterize the chemical composition of the different crude aqueous extracts of these plant samples using PerkinElmer Gas Chromatography'Mass Spectrometry. Our results show that the compounds in the extract revealed by GC MS were the same as recorded in the National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST library. The identity and quantity of the measured active compounds was correlated with the expected therapeutic effects. The content of active principles was determined. The quantity of the active principles in the plants was also determined. R. Ezhilarasi | Dr. B. Senthilkumar | Dr. K. Devi "GC-MS Analysis of Bio-Active Compounds in Aqueous Extract of Boerhaavia Diffusa, Euphorbia Hirta and Amaranthus Polygonoides" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29436.pd
<b style="">Some medicinal plants used by Irular, the tribal people of Marudhamalai hills, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu</b> <b style=""> </b>
No full text382-388The present paper deals with ethnobotanical study on 75 plant species
used for several common diseases like scabies, skin allergies, diabetes,
headache, jaundice, scorpion bite, diarrhoea, leucoderma, rheumatism, earache,
wounds, leprosy, asthma, dysentery, etc. by the Irulars (tribal) people of Marudhamalai
Hills, Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu. The botanical, vernacular and family
names, mode of preparations and uses have been provided for further
pharmacological and clinical evaluations
Influence of the ion size on the stability of the smectic phase of ionic liquid crystals
No full textThe thermotropic phase behavior of ionic liquids and ionic liquid crystals based on novel N-alkyl-3-methylpyridinium halides, trihalides and dichloroiodates was experimentally studied by polarized optical spectroscopy (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) as well as by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. In the experiments, the existence and thermal range of stability of the smectic phase of these ionic liquid crystals are found to strongly depend on the volume ratio between the cation and anion, that is their relative size. Only compounds with a relatively large volume ratio of the cation to anion, i.e., those with longer cationic alkyl chains and monoatomic halide anions, have a stable smectic A phase. Both melting points and clearing points increase with such a ratio. The MD simulation results qualitatively agree very well with the experimental data and provide molecular details which can explain the experimentally observed phenomena: the stronger van der Waals interactions from the longer alkyl chains and the stronger electrostatic interactions from the smaller anions with a higher charge density increase the stability of both the crystal phase and the smectic phase; this also prevents the ionic layers from easily mixing with the hydrophobic regions, a mechanism that ultimately leads to a nanosegregated isotropic liquid phase
<b>Antibacterial potential of some plants used by tribals in Maruthamalai hills, Tamil Nadu</b>
No full text27-34In this study an attempt was made to assess the antibacterial potential of three medicinal plants used by tribals
in Maruthamalai hills, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu. Antibacterial activity
of 35 extracts at three different concentrations of various plant parts of
Strychnos nux-vomica Linn., Pergularia daemia R.
Br. and Toddalia asiatica var. floribunda Lam. collected from Maruthamalai hills, in Western Ghats was
evaluated against certain bacterial pathogens such as Aeromonas hydrophila,
Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and
Salmonella typhi. All the extracts exhibited tested antibacterial activity
at higher concentrations
Design and analysis of peptide based nanoparticles
No full textViruses are naturally formed bionanoparticles (BNPs), ranging in size from 22-150 nm. Remarkably, small viruses are composed of one single protein chain folding into a capsid structure with icosahedral symmetry. The icosahedron is built up from 60 asymmetric units and is the largest closed shell in which every subunit is in an identical environment. It is characterized by 2-fold, 3-fold and 5-fold rotational symmetry axes. By superposition of different protein oligomerization domains onto the symmetry axes of the icosahedron, a nanoparticle with icosahedral symmetry can be designed. To test our concept, we have designed a peptide comprising a slightly modified form of a pentameric coiled-coil domain of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) linked to a de novo designed trimeric coiled-coil domain as a single chain. These two different oligomeric domains were linked by two glycine residues to provide flexibility between them and were fixed in their relative orientation with an intramolecular disulfide bridge. Computer modeling predicted that such a design would result in an icosahedral peptide based nanoparticle with a diameter of 17 nm. We chemically synthesized the above designed peptide and performed refolding studies and biophysical characterization using analytical ultra centrifugation (AUC) and electron microscopy (EM), thereby showing the formation of icosahedral nanoparticles with a diameter of ~ 17 nm. Subsequently, we switched to recombinant expression of the designed peptide. Again, we performed refolding studies with the expressed peptide and biophysical characterization (AUC and EM), thereby showing the formation of icosahedral nanoparticles with a diameter of ~ 17 nm. In addition, we showed that during refolding, parameters such as ionic strength, pH of the refolding buffer and presence of glycerol influence the formation of icosahedral nanoparticles. Moreover, we observed icosahedral nanoparticles in conditions in which the formation of intramolecular disulfide bridges is not possible. This showed that even in the absence of intramolecular disulfide bridge the helices of the two different oligomeric domains like to be arranged close to each other, as this will favor the formation of icosahedral nanoparticles.
In parallel, we also modified the designed peptide to include charged residues at the
interface between the two oligomeric domains. The idea was to fix the relative orientation
between the two oligomeric domains through ionic interactions. The subsequent
expression, refolding studies and biophysical characterization showed the formation of
nanoparticles, but they were lacking icosahedral symmetry. This result showed that the
design has to be optimized further to obtain icosahedral nanoparticles.
Moreover, we wanted to study whether in our design principles oligomerization motifs
other than coiled-coils can be used to form icosahedral nanoparticles. Accordingly, we
used globular foldon domain as the trimerization domain and the COMP as the
pentamerization domain. The results showed the formation of nanoparticles, but they
were lacking icosahedral symmetry. In addition, in the above design we studied the effect
of linker region by increasing the liker region to four and six residues, but it did not help
in the formation of icosahedral nanoparticles. However, when the foldon domain
extended with the trimeric coiled-coil domain as a single trimerization domain and with
COMP as the penatmerization domain, we observed icosahedral nanoparticles.
Viruses are known for their induction of strong antibody (B-cell) mediated immune
response in the host even against the self-antigens. This property is conferred by the
repetitive arrangement of the antigens on their surface. Peptide based nanoparticles have
similar properties to viruses, such as self-assembly and most importantly the repetitive
arrangement of subunits (peptide based nanoparticles are composed of 60 identical
monomeric chains). Therefore, we wanted to use our system as a ‘repetitive antigen
display carrier’ in vaccination, as an alternative to viral and viral based platforms such as
virus like particles (VLPs). To this end, and in order to understand the effect of our
nanoparticle size on immune response, we built different constructs displaying the pilin
epitope of Pseudomonas pathogen at their C-terminus. Computer modeling indicated that
these constructs would form icosahedral nanoparticles of three sizes: small (18 nm),
medium (23 nm) and large (29 nm). From the refolding studies, we observed mostly
aggregation and precipitation of the nanoparticles.
This effect presumably due to interparticle cross-linking, by the cysteine residues of
pilin epitope which are present at the periphery of nanoparticles, as we observed
aggregation of small size icosahedral nanoparticles upon changing from reducing to
oxidizing condition. Immunization results, because of the aggregation and precipitation
behavior of nanoparticles, showed poor immune response. However, the immunization
results showed that our nanoparticles present the attached epitope in their native form, as
we observed binding against native pilin protein. Moreover, immunization results from
our laboratory using medium size nanoparticles displaying Salmonella epitope D2
showed promising results, as we got antibody titer values which were well comparable to
the values obtained with VLPs. This places our system alongside with VLPs, which are in
clinical trials as a carrier in vaccination
Asphondylia singanallurensis Vasanthakumar & Palanisamy & Peter & Sharma 2020, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Asphondylia singanallurensis</i> Vasanthakumar & Sharma, sp. nov. <p>(Figs 1–22)</p> <p> The diagnostic characters of the genus, <i>Asphondylia</i> are discussed in detail by Gagné <i>et al.</i> (2018).</p> <p> <b>Type material</b>. Holotype ♂ (Ent 10/205), Singanallur Lake, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India (10.9877°N; 77.0238°E),collected as gall by DV on 26.ix.2017; Paratype: 4 ♂ (Ent 10/206), collected as gall on 22.ix.2018, 3♀ (Ent 10/207), 6 larvae, collected as gall on 23.ix.2018), 6 pupae (Collected as gall on 22.ix.2018 and 12.vii.2019); 7 pupal exuviae same data as holotype.</p>Published as part of <i>Vasanthakumar, Duraikannu, Palanisamy, Senthilkumar, Peter, Vinny R. & Sharma, Radheshyam M., 2020, A new species of Asphondylia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) causing leaf galls on jujube, Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (Rhamnaceae) in India, pp. 196-200 in Zootaxa 4758 (1)</i> on page 196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4758.1.11, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3730785">http://zenodo.org/record/3730785</a>
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