11 research outputs found
Enhancement of growth and increased productivity of fresh herb and aromatic oil in basil plant by foliar application with stigmasterol
No full textMitigation of Powdery Mildew Disease by Integrating Biocontrol Agents and Shikimic Acid with Modulation of Antioxidant Defense System, Anatomical Characterization, and Improvement of Squash Plant Productivity
No full textSquash (Cucurbita pepo L.) is a globally important vegetable, the production of which is severely constrained by powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera xanthii. In this study, we examined the effects of Trichoderma asperellum (MW965676), Streptomyces rochei (MN700192), and a mixture of the two foliar sprays with or without shikimic acid seed priming treatment on powdery mildew severity, plant growth, and total yield during the 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 growing seasons. We also studied their immune eliciting properties by examining their enzymatic, phenolic, and hormonal functions. The combination of Trichoderma asperellum, Streptomyces rochei, and shikimic acid triggered plant defense responses, which elicited enzyme activities such as peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), phenolic compound accumulation, and increased salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) content. This approach yielded high-quality results in the control of powdery mildew during the two growing seasons under greenhouse conditions. Additionally, relatively large statistical differences in plant growth, total yield, mineral components, and physiological traits were observed. A GC–MS analysis of Trichoderma asperellum (MW965676) showed hemin cation as a major component, while Streptomyces rochei (MN700192) contained 2,4-di-tert-butyl phenol and the hexadecenoic acid methyl ester. With respect to the morphological changes induced by powdery mildew and the treatments, plants treated with a mixture of Trichoderma asperellum, Streptomyces rochei and shikimic acid showed an improvement in the thickness of the midvein, increased dimensions of the main midvein bundle, a larger number of xylem rows in the main midvein bundle, greater mean diameters of vessels and of parenchyma cells in the ground tissues, as well as increased thickness of the upper and lower epidermis, lamina, palisade tissue and spongy tissue. This extensive, new study is the first step toward a more profound understanding of the use of Trichoderma asperellum and Streptomyces rochei with shikimic acid-primed seeds as a potential alternative technique for attenuating powdery mildew infection in squash
Figure 10 from: Alharbi SA, Al-Qthanin RN (2021) Taxonomic revision of Ceropegia sect. Huernia (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae) in Saudi Arabia with three new combinations. PhytoKeys 174: 47-80. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.174.58867
No full textFigure 10 Ceropegia lodarensis var. lodarensisA ex J Lavranos 1789, sub DP3604, Yemen, (H. lodarensis, Type) BAlharbi S6B (H. collenetteae) CAlharbi S9B (H. collenetteae) D ex Collenette 549 sub DP6865, Jabal Al Sawdah, (H. saudi-arabica, Type) EAlharbi S2B (H. collenetteae) FAlharbi S18a (H. collenetteae) GCollenette 2227, Al-Hadda, (H. collenetteae) H ex Collenette 8232 sub DP8126, (H. saudi-arabica) IAlharbi S4B (H. collenetteae) J ex Collenette 1176 sub DP6868, Jabal Al Sawdah, (H. collenetteae, Type) K maroon uniform colour of corolla tube in ex Collenette sub DP6594, Abha, (H. saudi-arabica) L concentric broken maroon lines of corolla tube in Alharbi S6B (H. collenetteae). (A) reproduced from Plowes (2014); (D, G, H, J, K) reproduced from Plowes (2012); (B, C, E, F, I, L) photo by the first author from Wadi Thee Gazal, Ash Shafa
Rootstock Priming with Shikimic Acid and Streptomyces griseus for Growth, Productivity, Physio-Biochemical, and Anatomical Characterisation of Tomato Grown under Cold Stress
No full textWith this research, we aimed to determine the impact of grafting and rootstock seed treated with Streptomyces griseus (MT210913) (S. griseus) or shikimic acid (SA) at a 60 ppm concentration on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production grown under low-temperature conditions. Two open-field trials were performed during both winter seasons of 2020 and 2021 at the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. A tomato cultivar (Peto 86) was used as a scion and two tomato phenotypes were employed as rootstocks (Solanum cheesmaniae L. (line LA 524) and GS hybrid), as well as self-grafted as a control. Effects of sub-optimal temperature on vegetative growth, yield, and fruit quality were tested. The results indicate that, under cold stress, rootstock seed priming, especially with S. griseus, enhanced plant growth, total yield, and fruit quality properties. GS hybrid rootstock was more effective than that of S. cheesmaniae rootstock in terms of mitigating the negative effect of cold stress. GS hybrid, inoculated with S. griseus, increased the total yield per plant by 10.5% and 5.7% in the first and second seasons, respectively. Higher levels of GA3 and mineral content were noticed in leaves that were grafted and treated with S. griseus compared to the control treatment. Additionally, the great enhancing effects of all anatomical features of tomato plants were recorded with GS hybrid rootstock, inoculated by S. griseus. These results prove that grafting on GS hybrid rootstock treated with S. griseus is a potential choice to alleviate the cold stress of commercial tomato varieties
Synergistic Influence of <i>Arbuscular mycorrhizal</i> Fungi Inoculation with Nanoparticle Foliar Application Enhances Chili (<i>Capsicum annuum</i> L.) Antioxidant Enzymes, Anatomical Characteristics, and Productivity under Cold-Stress Conditions
No full textIn this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus (AMF) inoculation, foliar application of zinc oxide and selenium nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs and Se-NPs), and their combined interactions on the growth and productivity of chili pepper under cold-stress conditions. Two field experiments were successfully conducted during the winter seasons of 2021 and 2022 in an experimental field at the Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. The results showed that, under cold stress, the combination of AMF inoculation and ZnO-NPs + Se-NPs as a foliar spray increased the average fruit weight by 92.4% and 98.7%, and the number of fruits by 34.6% and 54.8 compared to control treatment in the 2021 and 2022 seasons, respectively. Additionally, the combination of AMF and a mixture of nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs + Se-NPs) significantly increased the total marketable yield by 95.8% and 94.7% compared to the control, which recorded values of 2.4 and 1.9 kg m−2 in the 2021 and 2022 seasons, respectively. Furthermore, the combination of AMF and a mixture of nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs + Se-NPs) showed the highest total content of ascorbic acid and capsaicin in chili fruits compared to the other treatments. The combination of AMF and a mixture of nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs + Se-NPs) stimulated the accumulation of peroxidase (POD) and nitrogen glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) while decreasing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) contents. SDS analysis revealed that the application of ZnO-NPs, Se-NPs, AMF + ZnO-NPs, and AMF + ZnO-NPs + Se-NPs induced the emergence of new protein bands and reconstitution of those damaged by cold stress. Regarding histological structure, the combination of AMF inoculation and ZnO-NPs + Se-NPs as a foliar spray showed an enhancement in the thickness of grana thylakoids and increased the number of chloroplasts. Intriguingly, the findings showed that AMF and a mixture of nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs + Se-NPs) could offer guidance for increasing plant development and productivity under cold-stress conditions
Effect of Salt Stress and Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid on Morphological, Biochemical, Anatomical, and Productivity Characteristics of Cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata</i> L.) Plants
No full textThe present study aimed to investigate the impact of salinity on vegetative growth, chemical constituents, and yields of cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata) and the possible benefits of salicylic acid (SA) on these plants after damage from salinity. To achieve these objectives, two pot experiments were carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Egypt, during the two growing seasons of 2019 and 2020. The results revealed that salinity significantly decreased, and SA treatment substantially increased the plant height, number of compound leaves, number of internodes per plant, fresh weights of leaves and stems, productivity, photosynthetic pigments content, and concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) of the cowpea plants compared with the control. The anatomical structure of stems and leaves of the plants were also investigated, and it was found that positive variations in the anatomical structure of the median portion of the main stems and blades of mature foliage leaves were detected in the stressed and SA-treated plants. In conclusion, SA treatment increased the salt stress tolerance of cowpea plants by improving the morphological and physiological attributes of the plants
Global trends in research related to social media in psychology: mapping and bibliometric analysis
No full textAbstract Background Social media, defined as interactive Web applications, have been on the rise globally, particularly among adults. The objective of this study was to investigate the trend of the literature related to the most used social network worldwide (i.e. Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Snapchat, and Instagram) in the field of psychology. Specifically, this study will assess the growth in publications, citation analysis, international collaboration, author productivity, emerging topics and the mapping of frequent terms in publications pertaining to social media in the field of psychology. Methods Publications related to social media in the field of psychology published between 2004 and 2014 were obtained from the Web of Science. The records extracted were analysed for bibliometric characteristics such as the growth in publications, citation analysis, international collaboration, emerging topics and the mapping of frequent terms in publications pertaining to social media in the field of psychology. VOSviewer v.1.6.5 was used to construct scientific maps. Results Overall, 959 publications were retrieved during the period between 2004 and 2015. The number of research publications in social media in the field of psychology showed a steady upward growth. Publications from the USA accounted for 57.14% of the total publications and the highest h-index (48).The most common document type was research articles (873; 91.03%). Over 99.06% of the publications were published in English. Computers in Human Behavior was the most prolific journal. The University of Wisconsin–Madison ranked first in terms of the total publications (n = 39). A visualisation analysis showed that personality psychology, experimental psychology, psychological risk factors, and developmental psychology were continual concerns of the research. Conclusions This is the first study reporting the global trends in the research related to social media in the psychology field. Based on the raw data from the Web of Science, publication characteristics such as quality and quantity were assessed using bibliometric techniques over 12 years. The USA and its institutions play a dominant role in this topic. The most preferred topics related to social media in psychology are personality psychology, experimental psychology, psychological risk factors, and developmental psychology
Mapping mesoscale average 'windy day' wind exposure across the Vestfold Hills, 2015-2017
No full textProgress Code: completedStatement: Wind Exposure was modelled across a 126 m resolution raster then downscaled to 8 m.The Davis Aerodrome Project (DAP) collected a range of environmental survey data over several field seasons to support a comprehensive environmental assessment of the proposed aerodrome. This data includes flora, fauna, soils, lake ecosystem, nearshore, marine, air quality and meteorological information which has been collected by a number of different methods, and extends across the current Davis Station, proposed aerodrome and supporting infrastructure footprint (Ridge Site), previous sites considered for the aerodrome (Heidemann Valley, Adams Flat), as well as locations across the Vestfold Hills away from any of the proposed developments. <br/><br/>Antarctic wind patterns are some of the most extreme and wide-ranging on Earth (van Lipzig et al., 2004). Surface winds on the Antarctic continent are affected by local topography, and undergo annual cycles with underlying interannual trends (Turner et al., 2009; van Lipzig et al., 2004). Surface winds across Antarctica influence habitat suitability for plants and animals and shape their fine-scale distribution (Clarke et al., 2012). The influence of wind on Antarctic biota extend to not only the harshness of the local environment (Bramley-Alves et al., 2014), but also dispersal and the transport of biologically important aerosols such as salts and organic matter (Melick et al., 1994; Nkem et al., 2006).<br/><br/>Fine-scale mapping of wind exposure across the Antarctic continent is incomplete. Here we use a bushfire management tool, WindNinja 3.6.0 (Wagenbrenner et al., 2019), to model wind exposure across the Vestfold Hills, an ice-free rocky region of East Antarctica. WindNinja downscales local wind speed (and angle) from a domain averaged wind speed (and angle) across a topographic raster using a mass and momentum balanced model. Wind exposure, defined as fine-scale prevailing wind speeds, across the Vestfold Hills were modelled in WindNinja using topography from a composite DEM of the Vestfold Hills (Travers et al., 2022) and wind predictions from the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS) (Bromwich et al., 2003).<br/><br/>Wind exposure, defined as fine-scale prevailing wind speeds (in m/s), across the Vestfold Hills were modelled in WindNinja using topography from a composite DEM of the Vestfold Hills (Travers et al., 2022) and wind predictions from the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS) (Bromwich et al., 2003) at 126 m resolution, and downscaled to 8 m resolution. <br/><br/>We use a bushfire management tool, WindNinja 3.6.0 (Wagenbrenner et al., 2019), to model wind exposure across the Vestfold Hills, an ice-free rocky region of East Antarctica. WindNinja downscales local wind speed (and angle) from a domain averaged wind speed (and angle) across a topographic raster using a mass and momentum balanced model.<br/><br/><br/>References<br/>Bramley-Alves, J., King, D. H., Robinson, S. A., and Miller, R. E. (2014). Dominating the Antarctic environment: bryophytes in a time of change. In D. Hanson and S. Rice (Eds.), Photosynthesis in Bryophytes and Early Land Plants. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration (Including Bioenergy and Related Processes) (Vol. 37, pp. 309-324). Springer. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6988-5_17 <br/>Bromwich, D. H., Monaghan, A. J., Powers, J. G., Cassano, J. J., Wei, H.-L., Kuo, Y.-H., and Pellegrini, A. (2003). Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS): A Case Study from the 2000–01 Field Season. Monthly Weather Review, 131(2), 412-434. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131%3C0412:AMPSAA%3E2.0.CO;2 <br/>Clarke, L. J., Robinson, S. A., Hua, Q., Ayre, D. J., and Fink, D. (2012). Radiocarbon bomb spike reveals biological effects of Antarctic climate change. Global Change Biology, 18(1), 301-310. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02560.x <br/>Melick, D. R., Hovenden, M. J., and Seppelt, R. D. (1994). Phytogeography of bryophyte and lichen vegetation in the Windmill Islands, Wilkes Land, Continental Antarctica. Vegetatio, 111(1), 71-87. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00045578 <br/>Nkem, J. N., Wall, D. H., Virginia, R. A., Barrett, J. E., Broos, E. J., Porazinska, D. L., and Adams, B. J. (2006). Wind dispersal of soil invertebrates in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Polar Biology, 29(4), 346-352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-005-0061-x <br/>Travers, T. D., Raymond, B., and Sumner, M. (2022). Composite Digital Elevation Model of the Vestfold Hills (REMA / Smith 2015), Ver. 1. Australian Antarctic Data Centre. http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.26179/ssw5-0z19 <br/>Turner, J., Chenoli, S. N., abu Samah, A., Marshall, G., Phillips, T., and Orr, A. (2009). Strong wind events in the Antarctic. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 114(D18). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011642 <br/>van Lipzig, N. P. M., Turner, J., Colwell, S. R., and van Den Broeke, M. R. (2004). The near-surface wind field over the Antarctic continent. International Journal of Climatology, 24(15), 1973-1982. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1090 <br/>Wagenbrenner, N. S., Forthofer, J. M., Page, W. G., and Butler, B. W. (2019). Development and Evaluation of a Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes Solver in WindNinja for Operational Wildland Fire Applications. Atmosphere, 10(11), 672. https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/10/11/67
Upskilling programmes for unregulated care providers to provide diabetic foot screening for systematically marginalised populations: how, why and in what contexts do they work? A realist review
No full textObjective We aimed to understand how, why and in what context upskilling programmes for unregulated care providers (UCPs) to provide foot screening for systematically marginalised groups living with diabetes were implemented.Design We used realist synthesis based on Realist And Meta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards guidance.Data sources We searched the Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ERIC, Web of Science Core Collection, and Scopus databases and the grey literature (Google Scholar, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses) up to November 2022.Eligibility criteria We included experimental and non-experimental articles in English that either described mechanisms or discussed expected outcomes for educational interventions for patients and family caregivers or healthcare providers, both regulated and unregulated. We also included articles that evaluated the impact of foot care programmes if the UCPs’ training was described.Data extraction and synthesis The lead author extracted, annotated and coded uploaded relevant data to identify contexts, mechanisms and outcome configurations using MAXQDA (a qualitative data analysis software). We used deductive and inductive coding to structure the process. Our team members double-reviewed and appraised a random sample of 20% of articles at all stages to ensure consistency.Results Our search identified 52 articles. Evidence suggested the necessity of developing upskilling foot screening programmes within the context of preventive care programmes that also provide education in diabetes, and early referrals for appropriate interventions. Multidisciplinary programmes created an ideal context facilitating coordination between UCPs and their regulated counterparts. Engaging patients and community partners, using a competency-based model, and incorporating cultural competencies were determinants of success for these programmes.Conclusion This review provides a realistic programme theory for the mechanisms used, the context in which these programmes were developed, and the expected outcomes to train UCPs to provide preventive foot care for systematically marginalised populations.PROSPERO registration number CRD42022369208
Quantifying risks and interventions that have affected the burden of diarrhoea among children younger than 5 years: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
No full textBackground Many countries have shown marked declines in diarrhoea! disease mortality among children younger than 5 years. With this analysis, we provide updated results on diarrhoeal disease mortality among children younger than 5 years from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017) and use the study's comparative risk assessment to quantify trends and effects of risk factors, interventions, and broader sociodemographic development on mortality changes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Methods This analysis for GBD 2017 had three main components. Diarrhoea mortality was modelled using vital registration data, demographic surveillance data, and verbal autopsy data in a predictive, Bayesian, ensemble modelling tool; and the attribution of risk factors and interventions for diarrhoea were modelled in a counterfactual framework that combines modelled population-level prevalence of the exposure to each risk or intervention with the relative risk of diarrhoea given exposure to that factor. We assessed the relative and absolute change in diarrhoea mortality rate between 1990 and 2017, and used the change in risk factor exposure and sociodemographic status to explain differences in the trends of diarrhoea mortality among children younger than 5 years. Findings Diarrhoea was responsible for an estimated 533 768 deaths (95 uncertainty interval 477 162-593 145) among children younger than 5 years globally in 2017, a rate of 78.4 deaths (70.1-87.1) per 100 000 children. The diarrhoea mortality rate ranged between countries by over 685 deaths per 100 000 children. Diarrhoea mortality per 100 000 globally decreased by 69.6 (63.1-74.6) between 1990 and 2017. Among the risk factors considered in this study, those responsible for the largest declines in the diarrhoea mortality rate were reduction in exposure to unsafe sanitation (13.3 decrease, 11.2-15.5), childhood wasting (9.9 decrease, 9.6-10.2), and low use of oral rehydration solution (6.9 decrease, 4-8-8-4). Interpretation Diarrhoea mortality has declined substantially since 1990, although there are variations by country. Improvements in sociodemographic indicators might explain some of these trends, but changes in exposure to risk factors-particularly unsafe sanitation, childhood growth failure, and low use of oral rehydration solution-appear to be related to the relative and absolute rates of decline in diarrhoea mortality. Although the most effective interventions might vary by country or region, identifying and scaling up the interventions aimed at preventing and protecting against diarrhoea that have already reduced diarrhoea mortality could further avert many thousands of deaths due to this illness. Copyright (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd
