1,720,966 research outputs found
Food safety governance: Standard operating procedure on controlling of nitrite level, handling and processing of edible bird's nest
Full text linkMalaysia is one of the largest bird’s nest exporters particularly to China and Hong Kong
market. However, Malaysia multimillion ringgits bird’s nest industry has been hit hard by China’s ban
and a series of scandals, with a drop in sales and prices. In light of the emerging food safety issues that
surrounds the Malaysian Edible Bird’s Nest (EBN) industry, which have somewhat affect the
economic gain of the EBN exporters in Malaysia, the Ministry of Health Malaysia, the Ministry of
Agriculture and Agro-based and Industry Malaysia under its Department of Veterinary Services (DVS)
and Department of Standards Malaysia had since 2003 issued a set of guidelines for a more systematic
management of the local swift’s nest industry. Besides, these guidelines are needed to ensure that the
local swiftlet’s industry does not create any health problem to the population
Application of HPTLC and HPLC for purification of bioactive compounds from plant extract for gout remedy
No full textPlants and natural products have since time immemorial contributed significantly to the general well being of mankind (Bhat et al., 2008). Commanding the belief of as high as 80% of the population in developing countries, plants have been prescribed for treating many diseases through traditional and complementary medicines. The impressive track record that plants have in directly or indirectly providing new drugs for therapeutic uses and the rising costs of medical treatments are believed to have contributed to the continuing belief on the efficacy of herbal medicines. The Malaysian market for dietary supplements, nutraceuticals and herbal medicines has been estimated to be about US$526 million, much of which are made up of imported products.
Bioactive compounds from plants (inhibitors) could block the biosynthesis of uric acid from purine in the body, which should be one of the therapeutic approaches for treating hyperuricemia. There are numerous studies on bioactive inhibitors (xanthine oxidase inhibitors -XOI) using medicinal plants as their raw materials. Different extraction system, solvent and process conditions have been used to extract the desired compounds from plants
Screening of Xanthine Oxidase inhibitor from potential Malaysian medicinal plants
Full text linkMalaysia has a rich diversity of medicinal plants and some of them are believed to have the property to inhibit xanthine oxidase activity, which can be introduced as a new natural source of gout medication and a substitute for synthetic xanthine oxidase inhibitors (XOI). In this study, forty two samples from seventeen plant species were examined for xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. Selection of plants was based on their frequent usages by local folks for their medicinal benefits and their activity in three different extraction solvents. The degree of XO inhibition was determined by measuring the absorbance spectrophotometrically at 295 nm associated with uric acid formation. Ninety-nine percent of the crude extracts were found to have XO inhibitory activity at 100 μg/ml, and 59% showed greater than 50% inhibition. The ripe fruit peels of Garcinia mangostana L. has the potential to be exploited as an alternative to allopurinol as the crude extracts of this plant material from all three solvents, namely, 70% methanol, ethanol and distilled water, exhibited the highest XOI activity with 88.74%, 84.69% and 80.18% inhibition, respectively. The ripe fruit peels of Cucumis sativus and the leaves of Morinda citrifolia can also be considered as potential alternatives to allopurinol as they have demonstrated the second and third highest XOI activity especially with 70% methanol as the extraction solvent
Potential remedies for gout from medicinal plants
Full text linkMalaysia has diveJ'Sity of medicinal plants and some ofthcm have the property to inhibilxanthine oxidasc (XO). which can be introduced as a ncw natural source of gout medication amI a substitute for synthetic xanthine oxidase inhibitors {XOII. [n this study. thc lea,'es from twemy
planl species wcre examined for inhibition of XO. Selection of plams was based on their frequent usages by local folks for their medicinal bencfits. The degrec ofXO inhibition was dctermined by measuring llle absorbance pe<.':trophotomctrlcally at 295 nm associated with uric acid formation. Hundred percent of the crode eJ<tracts were found 10 inhibit XO at 100 ).Ig1ml. and 63.33% sllowed greater tilan 50"/0 inllibition. Tile leaves of Gal"ciltia mrmgu)'wllo and Moriltda e/lip/ica have the potemial to be cJ<ploited as an alternativc to allopurinol as lile crudc cxtracts of these plant materials from all three SQlvcnlS. namely. 70% methanol. ethanol and dislilled water.
exhibited the highest XO inhibitory activity. The leaves of Al"crrhoo bil'-nrhf. COl"ico p0I'0.ra and S%m"" {ITOp<'rsicllm can also be considered as alternatives to allopurinol as they have dcmonSfrated among the third beSt XO inhibitol)' activity undcr fllcir respective solvcnt systems
Extraction and isolation of xanthine oxidase inhibitors from carica papaya leave extract using chromatographic techniques
No full textXanthine oxidase (XO) is a key enzyme that catalyses the oxidation of oxypurines (hypoxanthine and xanthine) to uric acid in the purine metabolic pathway.The increase level of uric acid in the blood serum is called hyperuricemia. Its major complications are gout, urolithiasis and reactive oxygen production. In addition, some diseases are frequently seen with elevated uric acid concentration such as cardiovascular disease and renal insufficiency (Nakagawa et al., 2006), although no direct role has yet been confirmed.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitor (XOI) could block the biosynthesis of uric acid from purine in the body, which should be one of the therapeutic approaches for treating hyperuricemia
Xanthine Oxidase inhibitory activity from potential Malaysian medicinal plants as remedies for gout
No full textMalaysia has a rich diversity of medicinal plants and some of them have the property to inhibit xanthine oxidase (XO), which can be introduced as new natural source of gout medication and a substitute for synthetic xanthine oxidase inhibitors (XOI), specifically Allopurinol which has many side effects. Fifty samples from twenty plant species were examined for XO inhibitory activity. Selection of plants was based on their frequent usages by local folks for their medicinal benefits and activities in three different extraction solvents; distilled water, 70% methanol, 100% ethanol. The degree of XO inhibition was determined by measuring the absorbance spectrophotometrically at 295 nm associated with uric acid formation. Ninety-nine percent of the crude extracts were found to have XO inhibitory activity at 100 μg/ml, and 57% showed greater than 50% inhibition. On the basis of availability and sustainability, distilled water extract of Carica papaya leaves was selected for optimization of process conditions, namely, extraction temperature (⁰C), extraction time (hour), agitation speed (rpm), and ratio of sample to the solvent (1 g/ml) using Central Composite Design (CCD) of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) from Design Expert© v.6.0.8 software. The analysis revealed that the maximum %XOI activity can be reached with these conditions: 30⁰C, 17 hour, 125 rpm and 1g/19ml. The optimized conditions were verified and the maximum %XOI obtained was 86.93%, lower 7% yet comparable to the activity exhibited by Allopurinol but safer and less cost incurred
Development and improvement of anti-gout property from aqueous-methanol extract of morinda elliptica using central composite design
No full textXanthine oxidase (XO) is a key enzyme in hyperuricemia, catalyzing the oxidation of hypoxanthine to
xanthine and then to uric acid. Excess serum accumulated with uric acid leads to a type of arthritis known as
gout. In this study, development of process conditions for XO inhibitory activity from the leaves of Morinda
elliptica was performed by using 70% methanol. Optimization of process parameters such as extraction
temperature (ºC), extraction time (h), agitation speed (rpm) and ratio of sample to solvent (1g/ml) at five
levels was carried out using central composite design (CCD) for the improvement of activity to treat gout.
The analysis of variance demonstrated that the model F-value of 18.31 showed the significance of the model
with R2 of 97.71%. The analysis revealed that the percentage of XO inhibitory activity was improved at 32
ºC, 30 h, 125 rpm and 1 g/15 ml of solvent. The optimized conditions were verified and the percentage of
XO inhibitory activity obtained was 88.93%. The results are encouraging to formulate food, nutraceutical or
pharmaceutical products incorporating natural xanthine oxidase inhibitor (XOI), an alternative to
irresponsive synthetic XOI
Optimization of process parameters for extraction of xanthine oxidase inhibitor (XOI) from lycopersicon esculentum
Full text linkXanthine oxidase (XO) is an enzyme that catalyses the oxidation of hypoxanthine and
xanthine to uric acid, Which plays a crucial role in gout. Gout is distinguished by recurring
attacks of joint inflammation. It is influenced by a high dietary intake of foods rich in nucleic
acid. Our preliminary screening studies have shown that methanolic extract of Lycopersicon
esculentum leaves demonstrated the highest inhibition of XO. Thus, it was subjected to
optimization of extraction parameters, which include extraction temperature, extraction time,
agitation speed and ratio of the solvent to plant matenals. By using Central Composite Design
(CCD) for the optimization, various XO inhibitory activities can be monitored. The optimum
conditions as stated by further numerical analysis of the responses using Design Expert
v.6.0.8 revealed that the maximum XO inhibitory activity is 88.41% at extraction temperature
of 30°C, extraction time of 25.15 hour, extraction speed of 25 rpm, and solvent to plant ratio
of 10.71 ml/l g
Purification of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor from Carica papaya leaves using Reversed Phase Flash Column Chromatography (RPFCC) - High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)
No full textXanthine oxidase (XO) is an enzyme that catalyses the metabolism of hypoxanthine and xanthine into uric acid. It is responsible for the medical condition known as gout, which is caused by the deposition of uric acid in the joints leading to painful inflammation. Inhibition of XO leads to remission in gout. Carica papaya is a member of the small family Caricaceae allied to the Passifloraceae. In folk medicine, Carica papaya has been used as an important traditional herbal medicine due to its vast bioactive compounds found including kaempferol, quercetin, 5, 7-dimethoxycoumarin, alkaloids, carpaine and pseudocarpaine. In this study, the dried mature leaves of Carica papaya was extracted with distilled water, optimized to obtain higher XO inhibitory activity, and the extract was subjected to reversed-phase flash column chromatography (RPFCC) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) for the purification. Preliminary identification by chemical screening conducted on the optimized sample of distilled water extract of Carica papaya leaves showed the presence of several secondary metabolites, mainly, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins and xanthine alkaloids, terpenoids and glycosides which could partially explain the pharmacological properties of this plant and demonstrates its importance in alimentation and daily intake especially for gout patient
Screening and optimization of process conditions for extraction of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor from potential local medicinal plants
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