1,721,110 research outputs found
Determination and quantification of ethanol and byproducts using HPLC (Brand: WATERS)
Full text linkEthanol has extensive applications especially as a solvent and a feedstock for synthesis of other products. It also has other uses such as for consumption (including scents and flavourings), colourings, medicines, personal care products, cleaning products, and can be served as solvent in perfume, aerosols, paint, lacquer and explosive (O'Leary, 2000). On top of that, ethanol is also used as an alternative fuel which is usually blended with gasoline and is used in unmodified car engine.
Non-petroleum-based ethanol is produced from biological sources such as sugar, starch or cellulose. Depend on which type of the sources, the conversion steps varies and produce byproducts. For an example, the conversion of polysaccharide starch into ethanol which is an indirect fermentation normally takes three separate steps. The first step is liquefaction using -amylase enzyme, which reduces the viscosity of the starch and fragments the starch into regularly sized chains, to yield dextrin, maltose, maltotriose and maltopentose followed by saccharification, whereby the starch is converted into sugar using glucoamylase enzyme. The final step involves the fermentation of sugar into ethanol using yeast. Depend on type of microorganisms; the fermentation will yield several other byproducts such as glycerol, lactic acid and acetic acid. The soluble sugar can be detected and quantified using HPLC with refractive index detection (Sluiter, Hames, Ruiz, Scarlata, Sluiter, & Templeton, 2008). Column such as IC-Pak Ion Exclusion with pre-column (SH-1011P) connected to HPLC system can capture most of these byproducts together with ethanol in a short time
Enzymology method to determine the anti-inflammatory potentials: hyaluronidase inhibitory activity bioassay
No full textExperimental methods in modern biotechnology (volume 2)
Full text linkIn order to fulfil the ever-growing biotechnology products in the form of, e.g. bioactive compounds for various pharmaceutical applications, promising microorganism for production of value added products and turning wastes into wealth, scientists have to resort to newer and sophisticated technology so that they could accomplish their targets without taking too copious times. Towards this end, various research methods have come into being. There are a number of books and research papers guiding and facilitating biotechnology students at all levels. In view of the facts that some writings have become obsolete and some others are very difficult for students to understand, the teaching staff of the Department of Biotechnology Engineering of the Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia,
Malaysia took initiative to write an edited book on experimental methods in biotechnology in two volumes covering fairly all sorts of experiments that can possibly be resorted to. The book entitled ‘Experimental Methods in Modern Biotechnology,’ Vol.1, which is already in the market, has proved to be very useful to students and scientists and technocrats working in biotechnology industries. But since the book does not cover all experimental methods volume 2 is proposed to cover the following remaining areas: Cell attachment and viability assay for anticancer properties; preparation of solid and liquid media for plant culture; initiation of plant cell suspension cultures from seeds; Application of various chromatographic techniques for extraction, isolation and purification of enzyme inhibitors for diabetic control as well as determination and quantification of ethanol and byproducts. It also covers various methods for the hyaluronidase inhibitory activity bioassay and bromelain enzyme Assay. Furthermore, it encompasses the aspects of isolation and characterization of thermophilic bacterial isolates producing L-asparaginase, bacterial preservation for short and long-term storage and estimation of fungal biomass in bioprocess engineering experiments and extraction of oil from waste source.
The proposed 2nd volume of the book will complete almost all areas of experimental biotechnology. The complete book will certainly be useful to students pursuing degrees and research in biotechnology and to scientists and technocrats working in biotech industries locally and overseas
Isolation and characterisation of thermophilic bacterial isolates producing L-asparaginase
No full textThis procedure is following Gulati, Saxena, and Gupta (1997) protocol which is known as semi-quantitative plate assay for screening L-asparaginase- producing bacterial from local hot spring. The plate agar medium containing asparagine (as sole nitrogen sourse) is prepared with addition of phenol red which later shows an indication of L-asparaginase based on changes of colour. Phenol red at acidic is yellow which might change colour to pink when it is at alkaline. Thus, it indicates the formation of pink zone around microbial colonies producing L-asparaginase. The inoculated agar plates are incubated at 370C in an incubator for 24 hours. Thus, the isolation and screening of bacterial producing L-asparaginase are based on phenol-red zone. After purification, the isolates are characterised using several biochemical tests
Extraction and isolation of xanthine oxidase inhibitors from carica papaya leave extract using chromatographic techniques
No full textXanthine oxidase (XO) is a key enzyme that catalyses the oxidation of oxypurines (hypoxanthine and xanthine) to uric acid in the purine metabolic pathway.The increase level of uric acid in the blood serum is called hyperuricemia. Its major complications are gout, urolithiasis and reactive oxygen production. In addition, some diseases are frequently seen with elevated uric acid concentration such as cardiovascular disease and renal insufficiency (Nakagawa et al., 2006), although no direct role has yet been confirmed.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitor (XOI) could block the biosynthesis of uric acid from purine in the body, which should be one of the therapeutic approaches for treating hyperuricemia
Application of HPTLC and HPLC for purification of bioactive compounds from plant extract for gout remedy
No full textPlants and natural products have since time immemorial contributed significantly to the general well being of mankind (Bhat et al., 2008). Commanding the belief of as high as 80% of the population in developing countries, plants have been prescribed for treating many diseases through traditional and complementary medicines. The impressive track record that plants have in directly or indirectly providing new drugs for therapeutic uses and the rising costs of medical treatments are believed to have contributed to the continuing belief on the efficacy of herbal medicines. The Malaysian market for dietary supplements, nutraceuticals and herbal medicines has been estimated to be about US$526 million, much of which are made up of imported products.
Bioactive compounds from plants (inhibitors) could block the biosynthesis of uric acid from purine in the body, which should be one of the therapeutic approaches for treating hyperuricemia. There are numerous studies on bioactive inhibitors (xanthine oxidase inhibitors -XOI) using medicinal plants as their raw materials. Different extraction system, solvent and process conditions have been used to extract the desired compounds from plants
Simple cell attachment and viability assay for screening anticancer properties of natural products
Full text link- …
