40 research outputs found
Posttraumatic stress and worry as mediators and moderators between political stressors and emotional and behavioral disorders in Palestinian children
No full textThis study was designed to assess whether the symptoms of posttraumatic stress mediate or moderate the relationship between political stressors and emotional and behavioral disorders in Palestinian children. It was hypothesized that (a) posttraumatic stress and worry mediate the effect of political stressors on behavioral and emotional disorders and (b) the relationship between political stressors and behavioral and emotional disorders should be attenuated for children with low levels of worry and posttraumatic stress and strengthened for children with high levels of worry and posttraumatic stress. The total sample was 1267 school age children of both sexes with a mean age of 11.97 years. Interviews were conducted with children at school. As hypothesized, the results indicated that posttraumatic stress and worry mediated and moderated the relationship between political stressors and emotional and behavioral disorders in children. Cognitive-behavioral therapy may be used to reduce the incidence of posttraumatic stress and decrease self-reported worry, somatic symptoms, general anxiety, and depression among children exposed to political trauma. Cognitive-behavioral treatment that exclusively targets excessive worry can lead to clinical change in the other interacting subsystems at the cognitive, physiological, affective and behavioral levels. © 2012 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.Aiken L., 1991, MULTIPLE REGRESSION; Almqvist K, 1999, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V38, P723, DOI 10.1097-00004583-199906000-00020; American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT; BARON RM, 1986, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V51, P1173, DOI 10.1037-0022-3514.51.6.1173; Borkovec T. D., 1999, COMPREHENSIVE CLIN P, V4, P439; BORKOVEC TD, 1993, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V61, P611, DOI 10.1037-0022-006X.61.4.611; Breslau N, 2000, BIOL PSYCHIAT, V48, P902, DOI 10.1016-S0006-3223(00)00933-1; Cloitre M, 2009, J TRAUMA STRESS, V22, P399, DOI 10.1002-jts.20444; Diefenbach GJ, 2001, DEPRESS ANXIETY, V14, P247, DOI 10.1002-da.1075; Dorahy MJ, 2009, J AFFECT DISORDERS, V112, P71, DOI 10.1016-j.jad.2008.04.003; Dugas MJ, 1997, COGNITIVE THER RES, V21, P593, DOI 10.1023-A:1021890322153; Elbedour S, 2007, CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT, V31, P719, DOI 10.1016-j.chiabu.2005.09.006; Garmezy N, 1985, CHILD ADOL PSYCH CL, P152; Gilbertson MW, 2001, J TRAUMA STRESS, V14, P413, DOI 10.1023-A:1011181305501; Goodman R, 1997, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V38, P581, DOI 10.1111-j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x; Grych JH, 2000, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V68, P84, DOI 10.1037--0022-006X.68.1.84; Hoagwood KE, 2007, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V46, P773, DOI 10.1097-chi.0b013e3180413def; Hoagwood KE, 2007, J CLIN CHILD ADOLESC, V36, P581; Horowitz M. J., 1979, PSYCHOSOM MED, V41, P207; Johansson P, 2007, CLIN PSYCHOL PSYCHOT, V14, P1, DOI 10.1002-cpp.514; Khamis V, 2008, SOC SCI MED, V67, P1199, DOI 10.1016-j.socscimed.2008.06.013; KHAMIS V, 1993, BEHAV MED, V19, P93; KHAMIS V, 1993, J TRAUMA STRESS, V6, P555, DOI 10.1002-jts.2490060411; Khamis V, 2005, CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT, V29, P81, DOI 10.1016-j.chiabu.2004.06.013; Khamis V, 1998, SOC SCI MED, V46, P1033, DOI 10.1016-S0277-9536(97)10032-6; Khamis V., 2000, POLITICAL VIOLENCE P; Kivisto AJ, 2009, J TRAUMA STRESS, V22, P344, DOI 10.1002-jts.20425; Ladouceur R, 2000, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V68, P957, DOI 10.1037-0022-006X.68.6.957; Litz BT, 2002, CLIN PSYCHOL-SCI PR, V9, P112, DOI 10.1093-clipsy-9.2.112; MALMQUIST CP, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P320, DOI 10.1016-S0002-7138(09)60253-3; Masten AS, 2001, AM PSYCHOL, V56, P227, DOI 10.1037--0003-066X.56.3.227; MATHEWS A, 1990, BEHAV RES THER, V28, P455, DOI 10.1016-0005-7967(90)90132-3; McNally RJ, 2003, PSYCHOL SCI PUBLIC I, V4, P45, DOI [DOI 10.1111-1529-1006.01421, 10.1111-1529-1006.01421]; Meewisse M. L., 2005, J TRAUMA STRESS, V4, P299; MEYER TJ, 1990, BEHAV RES THER, V28, P487, DOI 10.1016-0005-7967(90)90135-6; Muris P, 2001, J BEHAV THER EXP PSY, V32, P63, DOI 10.1016-S0005-7916(01)00022-2; Sachinvala N, 2000, J NERV MENT DIS, V188, P818, DOI 10.1097-00005053-200012000-00005; Taft CT, 2007, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V116, P498, DOI 10.1037-0021-843X.116.3.498; Thabet AAM, 2002, LANCET, V359, P1801, DOI 10.1016-S0140-6736(02)08709-3; Thabet AAM, 2004, J CHILD PSYCHOL PSYC, V45, P533, DOI 10.1111-j.1469-7610.2004.00243.x; Vasterling JJ, 2002, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, V16, P5, DOI 10.1037--0894-4105.16.1.5; Wells A., 1994, ATTENTION EMOTION CL; Yates TM, 2003, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V15, P199, DOI 10.1017-S0954579403000117; Yilmaz E., 2008, CLIN PSYCHOL PSYCHOT, V15, P424; Yule W., 1994, INT HDB PHOBIC ANXIE, P223; ZILBERG NJ, 1982, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V50, P407, DOI 10.1037-0022-006X.50.3.40712
Effects of chemical reaction, heat and mass transfer on boundary layer flow over a porous wedge with heat radiation in the presence of suction or injection R.Kandasamy ∗ Abd.Wahid B. Md.Raj
Stressors, family environment and coping styles as predictors of educational and psychosocial adjustment in Palestinian children
No full textThis study investigated the contributions of child and parents' sociodemographics, daily stressors, family environment, and coping strategies, to academic achievement, cognitive functioning and aggression in a sample of 600 children at the intermediate grade levels from Gaza Strip. Each of the predictor variables exhibited a different pattern of relations with the outcome domains. Although the study highlights the negative consequences of stress on children's development, certain daily stressors had a positive effect. Optimal family relationships predicted better developmental outcomes. More emphasis on personal growth, control and organisation in the family predicted less optimal child development except for personal growth and achievement. More reliance on positive coping and less reliance on negative coping is associated with better academic achievement. The clinical and research implications of the findings are discussed. © 2013 Taylor and Francis.Achenbach TM, 2001, MANUAL ASEBA SCH AGE; Barrera M. A., 1981, SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCI, P69; BOGENSCHNEIDER K, 1994, SOCIOL EDUC, V67, P60, DOI 10.2307-2112750; Bongers IL, 2003, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V112, P179, DOI 10.1037-0021-843X.112.2.179; Bradley RH, 2005, DEV PSYCHOL, V41, P89, DOI 10.1037-0012-1649.41.1.89; Bronfenbrenner U., 1979, ECOLOGY HUMAN DEV EX; Cairns E., 2001, INT ENCY SOCIAL BEHA, P16360; Causey D., 1993, PREVENTION SCH TRANS, P59; Compas BE, 2001, PSYCHOL BULL, V127, P87, DOI 10.1037--0033-2909.127.1.87; Cummings M., 2009, CLIN CHILD FAM PSYCH, V12, P16; Eisenberg N, 2005, CHILD DEV, V76, P1055, DOI 10.1111-j.1467-8624.2005.00897.x; Evans GW, 2002, CHILD DEV, V73, P1238, DOI 10.1111-1467-8624.00469; Folkman S, 1997, SOC SCI MED, V45, P1207, DOI 10.1016-S0277-9536(97)00040-3; Gelhaar T, 2007, EUR J DEV PSYCHOL, V4, P129, DOI 10.1080-17405620600831564; Hinkle D. E., 2003, APPL STAT BEHAV SCI; Khamis V, 2012, SOC SCI MED, V74, P2005, DOI 10.1016-j.socscimed.2012.02.025; Khamis V., 2000, POLITICAL VIOLENCE P; Kiser L. J., 2010, TRAUMATOLOGY, V16, P33, DOI [10.1177-1534765609358466, DOI 10.1177-1534765609358466]; KURDEK LA, 1988, J EDUC PSYCHOL, V80, P90, DOI 10.1037-0022-0663.80.1.90; La Greca A. M., 2001, ANXIETY DISORDERS CH, P159; Lazarus R. S., 1984, STRESS APPRAISAL COP; Li H, 2008, DEMOGRAPHY, V45, P223, DOI 10.1353-dem.2008.0006; Lugo-Gil J, 2008, CHILD DEV, V79, P1065, DOI 10.1111-j.1467-8624.2008.01176.x; McLoyd VC, 1998, AM PSYCHOL, V53, P185, DOI 10.1037-0003-066X.53.2.185; Merton R. K., 1957, SOCIAL THEORY SOCIAL; Moos B., 2002, FAMILY ENV SCALE; Morales JR, 2006, CHILD DEV, V77, P907, DOI 10.1111-j.1467-8624.2006.00910.x; Palestinian Centre for Human Rights (PCHR), 2008, POV GAZ STRIP; Pearlin L., 1993, HDB STRESS THEORETIC, P303; Poulin M, 2008, PSYCHOL AGING, V23, P13, DOI 10.1037-0882-7974.23.1.13; Punamaki RL, 2001, J COMMUNITY PSYCHOL, V29, P281, DOI 10.1002-jcop.1018; Rogers KN, 2003, J EARLY ADOLESCENCE, V23, P349, DOI 10.1177-0272431603258344; Schroeder VM, 2009, J CHILD FAM STUD, V18, P227, DOI 10.1007-s10826-008-9223-0; Seery MD, 2010, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V99, P1025, DOI 10.1037-a0021344; SPIRITO A, 1988, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V13, P555, DOI 10.1093-jpepsy-13.4.555; Wadsworth M. E., 2005, J CHILD FAM STUD, V14, P283, DOI DOI 10.1007-S10826-005-5056-211
VARIABLE VISCOSITY AND CHEMICAL REACTION EFFECTS ON NON-DARCY MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC MIXED CONVECTIVE HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER PAST A POROUS WEDGE IN THE PRESENCE OF SUCTION OR INJECTION
No full textStudy and implementation of urogenital schistosomiasis elimination in Zanzibar (Unguja and Pemba islands) using an integrated multidisciplinary approach
No full textABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection that continues to be a major public health problem in many developing countries being responsible for an estimated burden of at least 1.4 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in Africa alone. However, morbidity due to schistosomiasis has been greatly reduced in some parts of the world, including Zanzibar. The Zanzibar government is now committed to eliminate urogenital schistosomiasis. Over the next 3--5 years, the whole at-risk population will be administered praziquantel (40 mg/kg) biannually. Additionally, snail control and behaviour change interventions will be implemented in selected communities and the impact measured in a randomized intervention trial. METHODS: In this 5-year research study, on both Unguja and Pemba islands, urogenital schistosomiasis will be assessed in 45 communities with urine filtration and reagent strips in 4,500 schoolchildren aged 9--12 years annually, and in 4,500 first-year schoolchildren and 2,250 adults in years 1 and 5. Additionally, from first-year schoolchildren, a finger-prick blood sample will be collected and examined for Schistosoma haematobium infection biomarkers. Changes in prevalence and infection intensity will be assessed annually. Among the 45 communities, 15 were randomized for biannual snail control with niclosamide, in concordance with preventive chemotherapy campaigns. The reduction of Bulinus globosus snail populations and S. haematobium-infected snails will be investigated. In 15 other communities, interventions triggering behaviour change have been designed and will be implemented in collaboration with the community. A change in knowledge, attitudes and practices will be assessed annually through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with schoolchildren, teachers, parents and community leaders. In all 45 communities, changes in the health system, water and sanitation infrastructure will be annually tracked by standardized questionnaire-interviews with community leaders. Additional issues potentially impacting on study outcomes and all incurring costs will be monitored and recorded. DISCUSSION: Elimination of schistosomiasis has become a priority on the agenda of the Zanzibar government and the international community. Our study will contribute to identifying what, in addition to preventive chemotherapy, needs to be done to prevent, control, and ultimately eliminate schistosomiasis, and to draw lessons for current and future schistosomiasis elimination programmes in Africa and elsewhere.Trial registrationISRCTN4883768
LOCAL NONSIMILARITY SOLUTION ON MHD CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER FLOW PAST A POROUS WEDGEIN THE PRESENCE OF SUCTION/INJECTION
No full textOn the effect of chemical reaction, heat and mass transfer on nonlinear MHD boundary layer past a porous shrinking sheet with suction
No full textThis work is concerned with magnetohydrodynamic viscous flow due to a shrinking sheet in the presence of suction. The cases of two dimensional and axisymmetric shrinking are discussed. The governing boundary layer equations are written into a dimensionless form by similarity transformations. The transformed coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations are numercally solved by using an advanced numeric technique. Favorability comparisons with previously published work are presented. numerical results for the dimensionless velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are obtained and displayed graphically for pertinent parameters to show interesting aspects of the solution
Praziquantel coverage in schools and communities targeted for the elimination of urogenital schistosomiasis in Zanzibar: a cross-sectional survey
No full text© 2015 Knopp et al. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. The attached file is the published version of the article.NHM Repositor
Sensitivity and Specificity of a Urine Circulating Anodic Antigen Test for the Diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium in Low Endemic Settings
No full text© 2015 Knopp et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The attached file is the published version of the article.NHM Repositor
Rubble Women: The Long-Term Effects of Postwar Reconstruction on Female Labor Market Outcomes
No full textDuring World War II, more than one-half million tons of bombs were dropped in aerial raids on German cities, destroying about forty percent of the total housing stock nationwide. With a large fraction of the male population gone, the reconstruction process had mainly fallen on women in postwar Germany. This paper provides causal evidence on long-term legacies of postwar reconstruction and mandatory employment on women's labor market outcomes. We combine a unique dataset on city-level destruction in Germany caused by the Allied Air Forces bombing during WWII with individual survey data from the German Microcensus. Using difference-in-difference and instrumental-variable strategies, we find that postwar mandatory employment reduced female labor force participation and hours worked in the long-run. However, our results show that participating in postwar reconstruction efforts increased the female presence in medium-skill and female-dominated occupations. These results survive after accounting for labor supply side factors such as wealth and savings loss during WWII, war relief payments and change in the composition of population and labor demand side factors such as female share in industry, construction, service and public sectors.postwar reconstruction, female labor force participation, occupational choice
