55 research outputs found
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Corrigendum to “Enhanced lignin extraction and optimisation from oil palm biomass using neural network modelling” [Fuel 293 (2021) 120485] (Fuel (2021) 293, (S0016236121003616), (10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120485))
No full textThe author Syed Ali Ammar Taqvi shows an affiliation with “Neurocomputation Lab, National Centre of Artificial Intelligence, NED University of Engineering and Technology, 75270 Karachi, Pakistan” which has been incorrectly added. Syed Ali Ammar Taqvi only has one affiliation with the Department of Chemical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology Karachi, Pakistan. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.</p
Pemanfaatan Larva Black Soldier Fly Untuk Bahan Dasar Pakan Unggas dan Reduksi Sampah Organik
No full textOrganic waste management requires proper handling to create a
comprehensive and sustainable waste reduction and utilization. Properly treated
waste will create a new energy that can be reused without having to damage the
environment. One way is to use Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae in processing
organic waste. The use of BSF larvae is very effective in processing various types
of organic waste. In addition, BSF larvae are easy to breed and have a relatively
short life span. BSF larvae can be used as a basic feed ingredient that does not
harm the environment. Not only that, BSF larvae contain high protein of about 30-
40%. This is very beneficial because protein content is the most expensive
component of feed ingredients compared to other components. In addition, the use
of insecta as a feed ingredient will not interfere with the availability of food in the
environment because its availability is relatively easy to find and independent of
humans. The purpose of this study was to determine the presentation of organic
waste reduction carried out by BSF larvae and find out the comparison of the
quality of BSF larval content. In this study, it used an experimental method by
testing the nutritional content of BSF larvae on organic waste media, namely by
using fruit waste and vegetable waste from Balong panggang Market. With
variations in waste giving, namely, 400 gr and 480 gr. Also with varation harvest
time which is 10 days and 12 days. In fruit waste, the highest waste reduction
presentation value was at a variation of 400 gr, namely a 10-day harvest time of
87.5%. And BSF larvae using this organic waste have an average protein content
value of 30% and fat of 33%
A novel simulated annealing trajectory optimization algorithm in an autonomous UAVs-empowered MFC system for medical internet of things devices
No full textThis article investigates a new autonomous mobile fog computing (MFC) system empowered by multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in order to serve medical Internet of Things devices (MIoTDs) efficiently. The aim of this article is to reduce the energy consumption of the UAVs-empowered MFC system by designing UAVs' trajectories. To construct the trajectories of UAVs, we need to consider not only the order of SPs but also the association among UAVs, SPs, and MIoTDs. The above-mentioned problem is very complicated and is difficult to be handled via applying traditional techniques, as it is NP-hard, nonlinear, non-convex, and mixed-integer. To handle this problem, we propose a novel simulated annealing trajectory optimization algorithm (SATOA), which handles the problem in three phases. First, the deployment (i.e., number and locations) of stop points (SPs) is updated and produced randomly using variable population sizes. Accordingly, MIoTDs are associated with SPs and extra SPs are removed. Finally, a novel simulated annealing algorithm is proposed to optimize UAVs' association with SPs as well as their trajectories. The performance of SATOA is demonstrated by performing various experiments on nine instances with 40 to 200 MIoTDs. The simulation results show that the proposed SATOA outperforms other compared state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of saving energy consumption.The author would like to thank Prince Sultan University for their support. Also, the studies at St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications. prof. M.A. Bonch-Bruevich were supported by the Ministry of Science and High Education of the Russian Federation by the grant 075-15-2022-1137
Pemanfaatan Larva Black Soldier Fly untuk Bahan Dasar Pakan Unggas dan Reduksi Sampah Organik
No full textPenelitian ini menggunakan larva Black Soldier Fly untuk mendegradasi sampah organik dan juga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan dasar pakan unggas. Pelaksanaan penelitian meliputi penetasan larva kemudian pembiakan larva sampai pada waktu yang ditentukan yaitu 10 hari dan 12 hari. Dan yang terakhir penimbangan residu serta analisis kandungan dari tubuh larva dalam skala laboratorium. Untuk analisis kandungan larva BSF meliputi kadar protein, serat, abu, kalsium, air dan lemak. Sampah organik yang dipakai pada penelitian ini adalah sampah buah dan sampah sayur yang didapatkan dari pasar balongpanggang. Sehingga didapatkan hasil penelitian yang pertama yaitu presentase reduksi sampah dengan nilai yang terbaik ada pada sampah buah dengan waktu 10 hari, didapatkan nilai sebesar 87,5% dan yang terendah ada pada sampah sayur dengan waktu 12 hari, didapatkan nilai sebesar 57,8%. Untuk analisis kandungan larva BSF terbaik ada pada sampah buah yaitu kadar protein (33,43%), kadar air (14,30%), lemak (38,5%), serat (8,3%), abu (2,73%), kalsium (3,18%), fosfor (0,54%). Tetapi angka diatas ada beberpa yang belum memenuhi SNI (8290.1:2016) Tentang pakan ayam ras petelur (masa produksi)
Studi Pengelolaan dan Pengolahan Limbah dan K3 di PT.Pertamina (Persero) Refenery Unit VI Balongan, Indramayu
No full textAdapting authoritarianism: institutions and co-optation in Egypt and Syria
No full textThis PhD thesis compares Egypt and Syria’s authoritarian political systems. While the tendency in social science political research treats Egypt and Syria as similarly authoritarian, this research emphasizes differences between the two systems with special reference to institutions and co-optation. Rather than reducibly understanding Egypt and Syria as sharing similar histories, institutional arrangements, or ascribing to the oft-repeated convention that “Syria is Egypt but 10 years behind,” this thesis focuses on how events and individual histories shaped each states current institutional strengthens and weaknesses. Specifically, it explains the how varying institutional politicization or de-politicization affects each state’s capabilities for co-opting elite and non-elite individuals.
Beginning with a theoretical framework that considers the limited utility of democratization and transition theoretical approaches, the work underscores the persistence and durability of authoritarianism. Chapter two details the politicized institutional divergence between Egypt and Syria that began in the 1970s. Chapter three and four examines how institutional politicization or de-politicization affects elite and non-elite individual co-optation in Egypt and Syria. Chapter five discusses the study’s general conclusions and theoretical implications.
This thesis’s argument is that Egypt and Syria co-opt elites and non-elites differently because of the varying degrees of institutional politicization in each governance system. Rather than view one country as more politically developed than the other, this work argues that Syria’s political institutions are more politicized than their Egyptian counterparts. Syria’s political arena is, thus, described as politicized-patrimonialism. Syria’s politicized-patrimonial arena produces uneven co-optation of elites and non-elites as they are diffused through competing institutions. Conversely, the Egyptian political arena remains highly personalized as weak institutions and individuals are manipulated and molded according to the president’s ruling clique. This is referred to as personalized-patrimonialism. As a consequence, Egypt’s political establishment demonstrates more flexibility in ad hoc altering and adapting its arena depending on the emergence of crises.
This study’s theoretical implications suggest that, contrary to modernization and democratization theory’s adage that institutions lead to a political development, politicized institutions within a patrimonial order actually hinder regime adaptation because consensus is harder to achieve and maintain. It is within this context that Egypt’s de-politicized institutional framework advantages its top political elite. In this reading of Egyptian and Syrian politics, Egypt’s personalized political arena is more adaptable than Syria’s. These conclusions do not indicate that political reform is a process underway in either state
A comparative study on suitability of model-free and model-fitting kinetic methods to non-isothermal degradation of lignocellulosic materials
No full textThe thermal kinetic modeling is crucial for development of sustainable processes where lignocellulosic fuels are a part of chemical system and their thermal degradation eventuates. In this paper, thermal decomposition of three lignocellulosic materials (bagasse, rice husk, and wheat straw) was obtained by the thermogravimetric (TG) technique and kinetics was analyzed by both model-fitting and isoconversional (model-free) methods to compare their effectiveness. Two models selected from each class include Arrhenius and Coats–Redfern (model-fitting), and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) (model-free). The formal model-fitting approach simulating the thermal decomposition of solids by assuming a fixed mechanism was found to be unduly facile. However, activation energy (E) values calculated from two model-fitting techniques were considerably different from each other with a percentage difference in the range of 1.36% to 7.65%. Particularly, both model-fitting methods predicted different reaction mechanism for thermal disintegration of lignocellulosic materials (two-dimensional diffusion (D2) by Arrhenius and one-dimensional diffusion (D1) by Coat–Redfern method). Conversely, the model-free routine offers a transformation of mechanism and activation energy values throughout reaction and is, therefore, more authentic to illustrate the complexity of thermal disintegration of lignocellulosic particles. Based on the model-free kinetic analysis, the lignocellulosic materials may be devised in following order of activation energy: rice husk > bagasse > wheat straw, by both KAS and FWO methods with a percentage difference no more than 0.84% for fractional conversion up to 0.7. Isoconversional approach could be recommended as more realistic and precise for modeling non-isothermal kinetics of lignocellulosic residues compared to model-fitting approach.Rivers, Ports, Waterways and Dredging Engineerin
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