64 research outputs found
Analisis Bentuk Lagu Ayam Putih Pungguk Karya H Misran Rais Di Kabupaten Rokan Hilir Provinsi Riau
No full textThis study aims to determine the form of the song Ayam Putih Pungguk by H Misran Rais. The theory used in this study is the theory of song form according to Prier (1996), where the form of the song is divided based on the number of sentences, namely the form of a one-part song, a two-part song form and a three-part song form. The elements of song form according to Prier (1996) consist of 4 parts, namely themes, motifs, phrases, song sentences. And the elements of music according to Joseph Machlis (1984) which consists of rhythm, melody, harmony and timbre (sound color). This study uses a non-interactive qualitative method with data collection techniques, namely observation techniques by listening to the song Ayam Putih Pungguk repeatedly and then transcribing the song in the form of notation. This study also uses a documentation technique where the author searches for and collects documents and books related to the title of the study, namely the analysis of the form of the song Ayam Putih Pungguk by H misran Rais in Rokan Hilir district, Riau province. The source of this research is the scores of the song Ayam Putih Pungguk by H Misran Rais. Based on the results of the study, it can be described that the song Ayam Putih Pungguk is included in the group of three-part song forms consisting of A-B-C, has 8 phrases with 4 antecedent phrases (questioning sentences) and 4 consequent phrases (answer sentences), consisting of several song motifs from 40 bars. with a 4/4 mark and using a 2# D=do scale with an Allegro tempo which has a speed of 120
Protein Structure-Based Design of Novel Semisynthetic Metallotrypsin
No full textA detailed study of the surface region trypsin from bovine pancreas was performed to gain insight into its biological functions and interactions that helped to determine the binding specificity. Twenty four pockets were identified in trypsin from Protein Data Bank (PDB) file entry 1AUJ using Computed Atlas of Surface Topography of proteins (CASTp). Nevertheless, only five biggest pocket cavities were selected; pocket 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24 since those pocket cavities would provide insight of location where ligand could bind as well as to identify the cavities that can aid in diffusion of the ligands. It also offered the identification of surface features and functional region of protein. Analyses of volume, surface area, and amino acids that participated in each pocket cavity were also determined. Systematic molecular docking studies using AutoDock 3.0.5 was performed on the five largest pocket cavities in trypsin. A set of ten chemical ligands was docked onto five biggest pocket cavities. The results showed that the biggest rigid ligand 1,10-phenanthroline (PHN) preferred to bind at pocket 24 as indicated by the lowest docked energy value (-8.74 kcal/mol). Systematic analyses on molecular docking for various metal ions such as Fe2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Zn2+ to the protein ligand complex showed almost similar docked energy at all pocket cavities. Docking results of trypsin-PHN complex showed that the lowest docked energy of -9.63 kcal/mol for Fe2+ at pocket cavity 21, followed by Mg2+ (-7.00 kcal/mol) at pocket 23, Ca2+ (-5.56 kcal/mol) and the highest docked energy value that was Zn2+ with -0.02 kcal/mol at the pocket cavity 21. Experimental studies have focused on PHN as an intermediate ligand since PHN was a bidentate ligand that provides more sites for interactions which capable of generating stable complex. It was found that at concentration 100 μM of PHN increased the activity of trypsin by 40 % higher than native trypsin. However, analysis among the metal ions on trypsin-PHN complex indicated that Ca2+ was the only metal ions capable of enhancing the activity of trypsin about 10 % than native trypsin at the concentration of 5 μM
Evaluation of Post Harvest Technologies for Improving Strawberry Fruit Quality
No full textFragaria ananassa, generally known as strawberry is a nutritious fruit that is rich in polyphenols and widely consumed as part of a healthy diet. Anthocyanins have been found to be the main group of phenolic components present in strawberry with pelargonidin-3-glucoside as the major component in all strawberry cultivars studied. The main volatile component has been identified as caryophyllene oxide, a sesquiterpene compound that was present abundantly in all cultivars. The effect of preharvest spray applications of a formulation containing hexanal which is known to enhance membrane preservation, was evaluated using two strawberry cultivars, ‘Jewel’ and ‘Mira’. Our results suggest that preharvest spray application of hexanal formulation results in biochemical changes that alter the profile of phenolic compounds and the volatiles of the fruit. An osmotic infusion treatment was implemented to generate an intermediate moisture food product with high quality and enhanced storage life that can be potentially used in processed food. Infusing strawberry with other functional ingredients such as fructoligosaccharides, lecithin, and ascorbic acid showed that the infused strawberry produced by this technique was structurally and organoleptically similar to fresh strawberry, and visually similar to the intial fruits. Drying of infused fruits could extend their shelf life up to several months, while providing fruit products with superior nutritional qualities. Subjecting strawberry fruit extract to a simulated in vitro digestion of strawberry greatly affected the polyphenol composition and concentrations during different stages of digestion. The concentrations of most polyphenols increased during gastric digestion suggesting that the acidic environment of the stomach may help to release polyphenols that are bound to the strawberry matrix. Following incubation of the IN and the OUT fractions with colonic bacteria, the presence of urolithin B glucunoride in the IN fraction and the increase of ellagic acid deoxyhexoside in both the IN and OUT fractions after fermentation process, suggest that the polyphenols are catabolized into simple phenolic compounds in the colon. The remaining polyphenols as well as the catabolites in the gut, could potentially have a beneficial effect in enhancing colonial health.Ministry of Higher Education MalaysiaUniversiti Putra Malaysi
Pectin-based edible coatings and nanoemulsion for the preservation of fruits and vegetables: a review
No full textSeveral studies have demonstrated the advantage of using of edible pectin films in preserving fruits and vegetables. Findings suggest that these films/coats act as a barrier on the surface of fruits and vegetables, which allows better moisture and water retention. It creates a good barrier by maximizing the gases accumulation and delaying ripening process. Initiatives were taken to refine food films by incorporating essential oils and other polysaccharides. These additives are a vital factor in enhancing the functional properties of pectin-based films/coatings and extending the shelf-life of fruits and vegetables. This review covers current research on different fruit and vegetable preservation processes. Fruit and vegetable safety aspects are highlighted to ensure the competencies of phenols, EOs, and nano-forms utilization in edible films/ coatings meet the purpose. Several studies have demonstrated the advantage of using of pectin edible films in preserving fruits and vegetables. Findings suggest that these films/coats act as a barrier on the surface of fruits and vegetables, which allows better moisture and water retention. It creates a good barrier by maximizing the gases accumulation and delaying ripening process. Initiatives were taken to refine food films by incorporating essential oils and other polysaccharides. These additives are a vital factor in enhancing the functional properties of pectin-based films/coatings and extending the shelf-life of fruits and vegetables. This review covers current research on different fruit and vegetable preservation processes. Fruit and vegetable safety aspects are highlighted to ensure the competencies of phenols, EOs, and nano-forms utilization in edible films/ coatings meet the purpose
Effect of boiling and stir frying on total phenolics, carotenoids and radical scavenging activity of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschato)
No full textEffect of various cooking methods on antioxidant content and radical scavenging activity of pumpkin was evaluated. Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) was boiled and stir-fried for 2, 4 and 6 minutes respectively. Beta-carotene and lycopene were determined using HPLC and total phenolics measured using Folin-Ciocalteu method. The free radical scavenging activity of the samples was determined using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay. Interestingly, result of the study showed an increase in both beta-carotene (2 to 4 times) and lycopene (17 to 40 times) content of pumpkin after cooking for 2, 4 and 6 minutes. However, the treatment resulted in
18 to 54% losses of total phenolics content of the pumpkin. Nevertheless, the free radical scavenging activity exhibited by cooked pumpkins was found to be high, in the range of 81.1% to 94.6% with IC50 of 1.41 to 1.62mg ml-1
Seed Quality of Lablab Beans (Lablab purpureus L.) as Influenced by Drying Methods and Storage Temperature
No full textDrying and storage are the common postharvest issues in seed production. Normally, seeds are harvested at physiological maturity when the moisture is higher than desired for safe storage. This study aims to evaluate the use of common drying methods and suggest a suitable storage temperature for the lablab bean seed. Pods at 30 days after anthesis are harvested and the seeds subjected to drying using sun, shade, oven, and drying beads to obtain target moisture contents of 14%, 12%, and 10%. Dried seeds are then stored at two storage temperatures; ambient (27.7–34.2 °C; 74 ± 5% relative humidity) and refrigerated (2.0–5.0 °C; 25 ± 5% relative humidity) for six months. Both shade and drying beads provided good results. However, drying beads gave the highest germination percentage (≥70%) and the shortest drying duration to achieve safe moisture content of 10%, along with the economic benefit from the repeated usage. The beads can be reused indefinitely by recharging in an oven between uses, thus, indicating the potential adoption by farmers. Two commonly used methods (sun and oven) have been proven to be unsuitable as they increase dead seeds due to heating damage. It is further explained that during six months of storage in the ambient temperature, declines were recorded in antioxidant enzyme activities, germination performance, and seedling growth. Therefore, lablab bean seeds are best stored refrigerated (≤5 °C) in which the germination and defense mechanism are maintained, and it is highly recommended to the farmers and seed producers as it is easily accessible, cost-saving, and sustainable
The Efficient and Easy Micropropagation Protocol of Phyllanthus niruri
No full textPhyllanthus niruri (P. niruri) or Dukung Anak is a herbal plant in the Phyllanthaceae family that has been used traditionally to treat various ailments such as diabetes, jaundice, flu and cough. P. niruri contains numerous medicinal benefits such as anti-tumor and anti-carcinogenic properties and a remedy for hepatitis B viral infection. Due to its beneficial properties, P. niruri is overharvested and wild plants become scarce. This study was conducted to develop an appropriate in vitro culture protocol for the mass production of P. niruri. An aseptic culture of P. niruri was established followed by multiplication of explants using different types of basal medium and its strength and plant growth regulators manipulation. This study also established the induction of in vitro rooting utilizing various types and concentrations of auxin. Treatment of Clorox® with 30% concentration showed the lowest percentage (%) of contamination, 4.44% in P. niruri culture. Nodal segments of P. niruri were successfully induced in full-strength of Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal media with 2.33 number of shoots, 3.11 cm length of shoot and 27.91 number of leaves. In addition, explants in full-strength MS media without any additional cytokinin were recorded as the optimum results for all parameters including the number of shoots (5.0 shoots), the length of shoots (3.68 cm) and the number of leaves (27.33 leaves). Treatment of 2.5 µM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) showed the highest number of roots (17.92 roots) and root length (1.29 cm). Rooted explants were transferred for acclimatization, and the plantlet showed over 80% of survival rate. In conclusion, plantlets of P. niruri were successfully induced and multiplied via in vitro culture, which could be a step closer to its commercialization
Effect of hexanal treatment on the main phenolic and volatile compounds in strawberry fruit
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