20 research outputs found
Withaferin-A compound targeting α-amylase Suppl.files
No full textWithaferin-A compound targeting α-amylas
APPLICATION OF MOLECULAR SALT FORMATION REACTIONS OF PICRIC ACID AND CITRIC ACID -ACETIC ANHYDRATE SYSTEM WITH CINITAPRIDE TARTRATE FOR ESTIMATION OF THE DRUG IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS
No full textObjective: The present investigation was aimed at developing and validating two novel highly sensitive, selective, accurate and simple spectrophotometric methods for the determination of Cinitapride tartrate (CNP) in bulk and its dosage forms
Methods: Method A was based on molecular salt formation reaction of Cinitapride tartrate with Picric Acid to form a yellow coloured chromogen having absorption maxima of 410 nm*. Method B was based on the formation of an internal salt between Cinitapride tartrate and citric acid –acetic anhydrate system that was measured at 565 nm*. The factors affecting the reaction in both the methods were carefully studied and optimized. The kinetics of the reaction was investigated, and the reaction mechanism was postulated.
Results: Under the optimized conditions, linear relationship with good correlation coefficient of was found between the absorbance and Cinitapride tartrate concentration in the range of 8-40 μg / mL and 4-20μg / mL for method A and B respectively. The precision of the method was satisfactory; the values of relative standard deviations did not exceed 1.4%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of Cinitapride tartrate in its bulk form and pharmaceutical formulations with good accuracy.
Conclusion: The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of Cinitapride tartrate in its bulk form and pharmaceutical formulations with good accuracy. Hence, these methods can be used for the routine quality control of CNP in its dosage forms
PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL CONSEQUENCES OF POLYPHARMACY ON MEDICATION PROFILE AMONG THE ELDERLY IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL
No full textObjective: A sharp increase in chronic diseases for elderly patients has been observed in recent years resulting in polypharmacy, which may lead to drug-drug interactions (DDI’s), drug-related problems, adverse drug reactions (ADR’s), and many more issues in these patients. The present study was conducted to assess the clinical consequences of polypharmacy and its prevalence in the older adult population.
Methods: Our work is a prospective, observational study carried out in a tertiary care teaching hospital. The polypharmacy prescriptions were identified (taking at least five medications), and drug-drug interactions were detected by Micromedex® DrugReax® System 2.0 version. The medication profiles were also checked for inappropriate prescribing according to Beers Criteria 2015.
Results: In the study, the mean age of patients was found to be 72.4±8.8 years. Most of the patients (81.8%) had more than two and less than five diseases. The mean number of drugs prescribed in all the prescriptions was found to be 7.4±2.6. According to Beers Criteria-2015, 3.83% of the total medications prescribed were inappropriate, 74.1% of moderate DDI’s were observed in patients, and 50.2% of the DDI’s observed theoretically were documented as fair.
Conclusion: The impact of polypharmacy on consequences such as the length of stay, DDI’s, and DRP’s was also found to be significant. This study concludes that the medication profile of older adult patients should be assessed regularly for the rationality of drug therapy to maximize the therapeutic response positively with the lowest number of medications possible
Development of Validated Spectrophotometric Methods for Estimation of Ethacridine Lactate in Pharmaceutical Formulations
No full textEthacridine lactate (EAL) is an antiseptic in solutions of 0.1%. It is also used as an agent for second trimester abortion. Two simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods (Method A and Method B) were developed for the estimation of EAL in pharmaceutical formulations. Method A is based on the condensation of the primary aromatic amino group of ethacridine lactate with an aromatic aldehyde (p-Dimethylamino- cinnamaldehyde) to form a chromophore with absorption maximum of 600nm. Method B is based on redox reaction followed by complex formation of EAL with IO3-Metol reagent to form a stable chromogen, which can be estimated at 520 nm. Method A obeys Beer’s law in the concentration range of 2 to 12 μg/mL and method B in the range of 20 to 100 μg/mL. Interference studies were conducted to see the influence of excipients with the proposed methods. The common excipients usually present in dosage forms do not interfere in the proposed method A and method B. The optical characteristics, regression analysis data and precision of the methods were also calculated. The methods were validated for use in routine quality control of EAL in pharmaceutical formulations
ASSESSMENT OF THE KNOWLEDGE OF USAGE OF INHALERS AMONG HEALTH-CARE PROFESSIONAL STUDENT COMMUNITY
No full textObjective: Incorrect usage of inhaler devices might have a significant influence on the clinical effectiveness of the drug delivered. This issue is poorly addressed; hence, the study was designed to investigate the knowledge and ability of the health-care professional student community to use inhaling devices.
Methods: A questionnaire was constructed and piloted before carrying out the study. The health-care professional students were taken as the sample. The data obtained from the result of the survey were subjected to proper statistical analysis using SPSS software, and a statistical significance level of 0.05 was considered.
Results: Analysis of the data obtained from the study reveals that a significant difference was observed between the proper usage of the inhaling device and how the health-care professional student community executed the steps in its use. Their knowledge of cleaning pressurized metered-dose inhalers, storage, and the use of pictograms in patient counseling were also not well established.
Conclusion: Inefficient usage of inhalers may lead to insufficient drug delivery and hence to insufficient lung deposition. Regular reinforcement and assessment of correct inhalation technique for health professionals and caregivers are an essential component of successful asthma management. Therefore, appropriate and continuous educational programs enhancing health professionals’ ability and knowledge of using inhaled devices are highly recommended for giving of proper inhalation technique, thus ensuring more successful drug delivery
A case of concomitant leukemoid reaction and mucormycosis in a patient with severe COVID-19 infection
No full textLeukemoid Reaction (LR) signifies leukocytosis characterized by mature neutrophils. The incidence of LR is about 1 % among hospitalized patients. Mucormycosis is a rare, aggressive, fatal fungal infection that afflicts immune-compromised patients. This study discusses the case of concomitant leukemoid reaction and mucormycosis in a patient with severe COVID-19 infection
Development and evaluation of empagliflozin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics for oral delivery
No full textType 2 diabetes mellitus is frequently treated with empagliflozin (EZN), a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) shield the drug from gastrointestinal breakdown and improve the bioavailability of lipophilic drugs. The aim of the study is to use SLNs to enhance EZN's pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. To prepare EZN-loaded SLNs, central composite design (CCD) was employed. The optimized batch (optimized EZN-loaded SLNs) had the desired values of dependent variables Vesicle size (R1), Entrapment Efficiency (R2), and Cumulative Drug Release (CDR) (R3). This was achieved by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) to analyse independent variables such as lipid concentration (X1), surfactant concentration (X2), sonication time (X3), and homogenization speed (X4). F8 exhibited the highest drug entrapment (90.6% ± 2.8%), CDR (89.2 ± 3.6), and average particle size (98.6 ± 2.1 nm) among the 30 distinct formulated formulae (F1–F30). Based on the F-value and p-value, the model was determined to be significant for particle size, entrapment efficiency, and CDR. The actual values of particle size entrapment efficiency and CDR closely matched the projected values of the optimized batch. The in vitro release trials produced a burst release followed by a continuous release. When compared to the EZN solution, the relative bioavailability of EZN-loaded SLNs was 1.2 times higher, indicating superior protection against the gastrointestinal environment. In rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus, the optimized EZN-loaded SLNs outperformed the basic drug suspension in terms of antidiabetic efficacy. One promising method for administering EZN in the treatment of diabetes mellitus is by SLNs
Development of Validated Spectrophotometric Methods for Estimation of Ethacridine Lactate in Pharmaceutical Formulations
No full textAbstract: Ethacridine lactate (EAL) is an antiseptic in solutions of 0.1%. It is also used as an agent for second trimester abortion. Two simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods (Method A and Method B) were developed for the estimation of EAL in pharmaceutical formulations. Method A is based on the condensation of the primary aromatic amino group of ethacridine lactate with an aromatic aldehyde (p-Dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde) to form a chromophore with absorption maximum of 600nm. Method B is based on redox reaction followed by complex formation of EAL with IO 3 -/Metol reagent to form a stable chromogen, which can be estimated at 520 nm. Method A obeys Beer's law in the concentration range of 2 to 12 µg/mL and method B in the range of 20 to 100 µg/mL. Interference studies were conducted to see the influence of excipients with the proposed methods. The common excipients usually present in dosage forms do not interfere in the proposed method A and method B. The optical characteristics, regression analysis data and precision of the methods were also calculated. The methods were validated for use in routine quality control of EAL in pharmaceutical formulations
Altered Perception of Parent Child Relationships in the Works of Khalid Husseini
No full textHusseni uses relationships between fathers, mother, sons and daughters which was with pain and longing. Relying on children to cover up their shattered lives infecting them and the influence of which would span several decades
Development of Dapagliflozin Solid Lipid Nanoparticles as a Novel Carrier for Oral Delivery: Statistical Design, Optimization, In-Vitro and In-Vivo Characterization, and Evaluation
No full textControlling hyperglycemia and avoiding glucose reabsorption are significant goals in type 2 diabetes treatments. Among the numerous modes of medication administration, the oral route is the most common. Introduction: Dapagliflozin is an oral hypoglycemic agent and a powerful, competitive, reversible, highly selective, and orally active human SGLT2 inhibitor. Dapagliflozin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are the focus of our present investigation. Controlled-release lipid nanocarriers were formulated by integrating them into lipid nanocarriers. The nanoparticle size and lipid utilized for formulation help to regulate the release of pharmaceuticals over some time. Dapagliflozin-loaded nanoparticles were formulated by hot homogenization followed by ultra-sonication. The morphology and physicochemical properties of dapagliflozin-SLNs have been characterized using various techniques. The optimized dapagliflozin-SLNs have a particle size ranging from 100.13 ± 7.2 to 399.08 ± 2.4 nm with 68.26 ± 0.2 to 94.46 ± 0.7% entrapment efficiency (%EE). Dapagliflozin-SLNs were optimized using a three-factor, three-level Box–Behnken design (BBD). Polymer concentration (X1), surfactant concentration (X2), and stirring duration (X3) were chosen as independent factors, whereas %EE, cumulative drug release (%CDR), and particle size were selected as dependent variables. Interactions between drug substances and polymers were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis indicated the crystalline change from the drug to the amorphous crystal. Electron microscope studies revealed that the SLNs’ structure is nearly perfectly round. It is evident from the findings that dapagliflozin-SLNs could lower elevated blood glucose levels to normal in STZ-induced diabetic rats, demonstrating a better hypoglycemic impact on type 2 diabetic patients. The in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters of SLNs exhibited a significant rise in C(max) (1258.37 ± 1.21 mcg/mL), AUC (5247.04 mcg/mL), and oral absorption (2-fold) of the drug compared to the marketed formulation in the Sprague Dawley rats
