278 research outputs found
Households' livelihood in restricted forest landscapes: What is the impact of contextual factors?
No full textIn response to the loss of forest cover and biodiversity, forest conservation policies have been increasingly pursued worldwide. Such policies are often criticized for limiting the access of locals to forest resources, raising the question if nature conservation and poverty alleviation goals are compatible. Few studies have attempted to examine the impact of forest restriction on the livelihood of neighboring communities by accounting for confounding factors. We address this gap by estimating the impact of contextual factors in the wider landscape as well as forest legal restrictions on households' main income sources. The current study relies on a comprehensive dataset from 3410 households living in different tropical contexts in forested landscapes of Zambia, Ecuador and the Philippines. We adopt a multi-level regression model by including explanatory variables at both household and landscape levels. Our results indicate the significance of the broader landscape's context such as elevation, road access and extent of remaining forest for households' income. Country context is particularly important in determining households' income. Households' characteristics and asset endowment play a major role too. Our findings provide no evidence that increasing restricted forest extent in landscape decreases households' income when contextual factors are controlled for. This study highlights the non-random designation of forest conservation policies, with many conservation programs being assigned to areas with little development potential. Thus, we argue that contextual factors in which households function shall be given more attention in the debate of nature protection versus poverty reduction. Suggesting the insignificant impact of forest conservation policies on households' livelihoods, our findings serve to inform policymakers in establishing effectual forest conservation policies which strike the right balance between nature protection and rural development
How does rural in-migration affect forest clearing and smallholder land use in tropical forest frontiers? Evidence from the Zambian Miombo woodlands
No full textAbstract One of the main sources of increasing population pressure in forested landscapes of Zambia is in-migration from other rural areas. This in-migration is driven by environmental degradation and limited employment options in the villages of origin, and, to a limited extent, in-migration from urban areas due to widespread unemployment and increased cost of living in cities . The current study examines the relationship between in-migration, forest clearing, and land use change in forested landscapes in Zambia. This question is especially relevant considering that in 2020, 85% of total carbon dioxide emissions in the country were attributed to Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry (LULUCF). Based on a dataset of 1123 households living in or near the Miombo woodlands in Zambia, we estimate a multivariate tobit model to explain forest clearing and the area under annual crops at the household level. Households reported the availability of agricultural land, natural resources, or fertile soils as their main reason for migration. Regression results showed that being an in-migrant household was associated with 28% more forest area cleared for crop production during the 5 years prior to data collection and with an 8% increase in area cultivated with annual crops. Our results add to limited available quantitative evidence on the impacts of in-migration on forest clearing and land use in tropical forest frontiers at the micro-scale. With rising in-migration in the future that leads to further forest clearing in migrant-receiving areas, the cycle can repeat itself, where increasing population pressure and deforestation can lead to environmental degradation and migration to other forested landscapes. To address this chain, future policy should aim to deal with the root causes of internal migration, including by investing in landscape restoration and sustainable agricultural intensification in origin areas.Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100010771Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Ländliche Räume, Wald und Fischere
Potential impacts of the proposed EU regulation on deforestation-free supply chains on smallholders, indigenous peoples, and local communities in producer countries outside the EU
No full textAccording to the new European Commission proposal for a regulation on deforestation-free products, six commodities - cattle, wood, palm oil, soy, cocoa, and coffee and their derivate products – grown or raised on land that was subject to deforestation or forest degradation will be banned from entering the EU market. In this commentary paper, we discuss the possible unintended effects of the regulation and elaborate on potential ways to reduce the negative impacts, on vulnerable groups in producer countries, such as smallholders, Indigenous peoples, and local communities (IPLCs). Such impacts could comprise exclusion of smallholders and IPLCs from high-value supply chains of commodities covered by the regulation, inadequate price premiums to cover the costs of complying with this regulation, increase the risk of land conflicts between large-scale and small-scale agriculture, push smallholders and IPLCs to marginal lands, and even exacerbate human rights risks already associated with large-scale commodity production. In order to avoid or minimize such impacts, we propose: 1) to make provisions for companies, smallholders, and producing regions to receive sufficient support in their transition to deforestation-free supply chains and to provide incentives so that this transition can be inclusive; 2) to further promote and strengthen holistic approaches, such as jurisdictional or other integrated landscape management approaches to address the many issues that can arise from conflicting interests and unequal power distribution in affected landscapes; 3) to make clear provisions for protection of human rights and to promote land rights for smallholders and IPLCs related to tenure security; and 4) to ensure that regular and robust impact assessments inform policy about both direct and indirect impacts of the regulation on smallholders and IPLCs so that timely and adequate action can be taken to minimize the unintended effects of this regulation. Addressing potential negative impacts on smallholders and IPLCs would also ensure that the progress achieved so far in terms of other UN SDGs related to poverty, inequality, hunger, and land restoration is not compromised
The effect of large-scale inhomogeneities on small-scale structure in a turbulent flow
No full textKolmogorov’s equation, which indicates that the mean energy is transported by both turbulent advection and molecular diffusion at any scale of flow, cannot be balanced for flows encountered in the laboratory conditions at moderate range of Reynolds numbers. The main reason for this imbalance is inhomogeneous large-scales. In this work, a new generalized form of Kolmogorov’s equation is suggested for jet flows. The validity of this equation is investigated using hot-wire data obtained across the centreline of a round turbulent jet. In addition, the external intermittency and some other basic characteristics are studied
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) and Implant-friendly (IF) Mode Calculator
No full textRepository includes MATLAB codes. Raw input and and output files may be requested by emailing the author. The code that supports the findings of this study is openly available at https://github.com/AliSaMRI/DBS_IF_Mode_CalculatorThe purpose of this study is to present a strategy to calculate the implant-friendly (IF) excitation modes—which mitigate the radiofrequency (RF) heating at the contacts of deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes—of multi-channel RF coils at 7T.
Methods:
An induced RF current on an implantable electrode generates a scattered magnetic field whose left-handed circularly polarizing component (B1+) is approximated using a -mapping technique and subsequently utilized as a gauge for the electrode’s induced current. Using this approach, the relative induced currents due to each channel of a multi-channel RF coil on the DBS electrode were calculated. The IF modes of the corresponding multi-channel coil were determined by calculating the null space of the relative induced currents. The proposed strategy was tested and validated for unilateral and bilateral commercial DBS electrodes (directional lead, Infinity DBS system, Abbott Laboratories) placed inside a uniform phantom by performing heating and imaging studies on a 7T MRI scanner using a 16-channel transceive RF coil.
Results:
Individual IF modes nor shim solutions obtained from IF modes did not induce significant temperature increase when used for a high-power Turbo Spin Echo sequence. In contrast, shimming with the scanner’s toolbox (i.e., based on per-channel B1+ fields) resulted in a more than 2°C temperature increase for the same amount of input power.
Conclusion:
A strategy for calculating the IF modes of a multi-channel RF coil is presented. This strategy was validated using a 16-channel RF coil at 7T for unilateral and bilateral commercial DBS electrodes inside a uniform phantom.Sadeghi-Tarakameh, Alireza; DelaBarre, Lance; Zulkarnain, Nur Izzati Huda; Harel, Noam; Eryaman, Yigitcan. (2023). Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) and Implant-friendly (IF) Mode Calculator. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://doi.org/10.13020/h56h-bd77
Silhouettea ghazalae Kovačić & Sadeghi & Esmaeili 2020, sp. nov.
No full textSilhouettea ghazalae sp. nov. English name: Ghazal goby Persian name: (Fig. 2) Holotype. PMR VP4678, female, 27.35 + 6.29 mm, Iran: Hormuzgan prov.: Qeshm city, Qeshm Island, Persian Gulf, 26° 55’ 47.7’’ N, 56 ° 15’ 26.9’’ E; R. Sadeghi, 19 Oct. 2016. Paratypes. ZM-CBSU 2135, female, 26.8 + 6.19 mm; ZM-CBSU 2160, female, 25.32 mm SL, caudal fin missing; ZM-CBSU 2024, female, 25.32 mm SL, caudal fin missing; all paratypes with head damaged, i.e. with longitudinal incision on head (in preliminary study of the collected material, Silhouettea specimens were not suspected to be new species and was processed by RS as all other collected gobies, including extraction of the otoliths, except for the one specimen); all paratypes with the same data as the holotype. Diagnosis. Silhouettea ghazalae sp. nov. differs from its nine known congeners by the combination of the following selected characters: (1) small mental fold present on chin, (2) head length 31.4–32.4% of standard length, (3) head width 24.5% of standard length, (4) second dorsal fin I/11, (5) anal fin I/13, (6) breast with large cycloid scales, three scales along midventral breast, (7) predorsal area naked, with upper edge of scaled area more or less straight from upper end of pectoral fin base to the first dorsal fin origin, (8) suborbital row b anteriorly beginning below anterior edge of pupil, posteriorly ending below pore β, (9) suborbital row c anteriorly extending more than row b and posteriorly extending less than row b, (10) suborbital row cp oblique with four papillae, (11) body with four ill-defined midlateral blotches and a fifth triangular mark on the caudal fin base and no clearly defined pale saddles on back, (12) the first dorsal fin pigmented with dots and with dark blotch present anteriorly. Description (all morphometric values and meristics in the text are presented as holotype first and paratypes, if different, in parentheses). General morphology (Fig. 2): Body proportions are given in Table 1. Body moderately elongate, its depth at pelvic-fin origin 5.53 (5.69–6.84) in SL, at anal-fin origin 5.96 (6.48–7.24) in SL, laterally compressed posteriorly, with caudal peduncle moderately deep, caudal peduncle depth about equal caudal peduncle length (Fig. 2). Head large, the length 3.13 in SL (3.09–3.18), width 4.08 in SL, depth 7.24 in SL, and depressed, its depth 1.77 of width (all paratypes with head damages distorting and preventing measuring of head width and head depth values). Postorbital profile subhorizontal. Cranial roof covered by dorsal axial musculature to opposite preopercle. Snout short, gently oblique, convex in transverse section, shorter than eye, its length 78.8% (84.4–93.9%) of eye diameter, 6.03 (5.14–6.89) in head length. Anterior naris in a short nasal tube without process from the rim, posterior naris pore-like. Eyes dorsolateral, more dorsal than lateral, moderately large, eye diameter is 4.76 (4.82–5.82) in head length, orbit elevated above dorsal profile. Interorbital narrow, 4.60 (4.27–5.97) in eye diameter. Mouth oblique, jaws subequal, lower jaw ending anteriorly slightly in front of upper jaw, upper lip narrow, width uniform. Mouth large, posterior angle of jaws ending posteriorly below posterior edge of pupil. Cheek moderately deep. Chin with small mental fold (Fig. 1A). Teeth in jaws erect, caniniform, pointed and moderately curved towards the buccal cavity. Lower jaw with 3-4 rows of teeth medially, upper jaw with 3 rows medially. In both jaws number of rows decreasing laterally, those of outermost row enlarged, those of innermost row the most curved towards the buccal cavity. Tongue truncate. Branchiostegal membrane attached along half to most of lateral margin of isthmus. Membranous edge of opercle extended, covering all or most of pectoral base and extending slightly in the middle on pectoral fin origin (Fig. 1B). Extended membranous edge also developed on ventrolateral head ridge, divided from membranous edge of opercle by indentation (Fig. 1D). No spines on preopercle. Pectoral girdle without dermal flaps on anterior edge. Fins. First dorsal fin VI, second dorsal fin I + 11; anal fin I + 13 (not visible on paratype ZM-CBSU 2135 due to damage); branched caudal-fin rays 13, segmented 16 (not visible on paratypes due to damage), pectoral-fin rays 15 (not visible in paratypes ZM-CBSU 2135 and ZM-CBSU 2160), pelvic fins I + 5/5 + I. Fin morphometrics in proportion to standard body length given in Table 1. Spines of first dorsal fin not elongate or filamentous, the third and fourth spine longest, spines progressively decreasing backwards; only spines IV and V of first dorsal fin barely reach the origin of second dorsal fin when folded down. Origin of first dorsal fin behind vertical at pectoral-fin base. Interdorsal space distinct, without membranous connection between dorsal fins. Second dorsal fin originates clearly behind vertical of anus, with the longest rays not reaching base of uppermost caudal-fin rays, ending on caudal peduncle before caudal fin. Origin of anal fin slightly in front of vertical of origin of second dorsal fin, anal fin longest rays reaching the base of uppermost caudal-fin rays. Pectoral-fin lowermost ray not branched and upper rays not free at tips. Pectoral fins extending posteriorly just to below origin of the second dorsal fin. Pelvic disc complete, long, with rounded posterior margin, all rays branched; anterior transverse membrane well-developed (anterior membrane in midline depth about 2/3 of spinous ray), with finely crenate edge. Pelvic fins ending behind anus. Caudal fin rounded, shorter than head, 1.39 (1.38), caudal fin damaged in paratypes ZM-CBSU 2160 and ZM- CBSU 2124) in head length. Scales. Body scaled with ctenoid scales. Scales in lateral series 24 (24–26, not visible on paratype ZM-CBSU 2024 due to damage), with paired large scales over origin of the caudal fin rays, above and below lateral midline, not counted; in transverse series 7; in circumpeduncular scales 10. Uppermost and lowermost scales at caudal fin origin not elongate and with short ctenii. Head with cheek and opercle naked. Predorsal area naked, with upper edge of scaled area more or less straight from upper end of pectoral fin base to the first dorsal fin origin (Fig. 1E). Prepectoral naked, breast with large cycloid scales, 3 scales along midventral breast. Belly with cycloid scales. Lateral line system (Fig. 3). On the holotype, rows of head sensory papillae were counted on the both sides and presented left then right or single if the value is the same. Head lateral-line system with anterior and posterior oculoscapular canals and preopercular canal with pores σ, λ, κ, ω, α, β, ρ, ρ 1 , ρ 2 , and γ, δ, ε respectively, all small; pores λ and κ median, single, pore ω on short branch from anterior and oculoscapular canal. Head sensory papillae small and elongated and individually hardly recognizable for count resulting in most of rows having the appearance of short dashed lines (Fig. 1C). Preorbital rows: snout with lateral longitudinal row s (6, 7) near nostrils, no upper row r, and three transverse median rows: row s 1 (3, 5) at posterior nostril, row s 2 single papilla in the level of anterior nostril, and row s 3 horizontal (7) above upper lip. Lateral series c with rows c 2 , c 1 and c 2 connected in a single row c 21 2 from posterior upper lip to below posterior naris (20, 18) and lower c 1 (4, 3) posterior to c 2 . Suborbital rows: rows a and c, including cp, without transverse proliferation; longitudinal row a (26, 29) around lower edge of orbit from anteriorly below anterior edge of eye, posteriorly to pore α; row b (37, 35) anteriorly beginning below anterior edge of pupil, posteriorly ending below pore β, row c (31, 30) anteriorly extending more than row b and posteriorly extending less than row b; row cp oblique row of four papillae, placed behind vertical of posterior eye edge, below row c and above row d; row d (28) continuous, ending posteriorly behind vertical of posterior eye edge. Preoperculo-mandibular rows: external row e (28 + 32) and internal row i (14 + 26) divided into anterior and posterior sections; row f a single continuous transverse mental row (6 + 6). Oculoscapular rows: anterior longitudinal row x 1 divided in two parts (6 + 7, 6 + 6), anterior part above pore β and posterior part above from pore ρ 1 to pore ρ 2 , posterior longitudinal row x 2 (5, 5) above pore ρ 2 ; transversal row z (6, 6) short behind pore γ; rows q and y longitudinal: row u (4, 4) between pores ρ and ρ 1 , row y (4, 4) behind pore ρ 2 . Axillary rows as 1 , as 2 , as 3 , la 1 and la 2 not visible. Opercular rows: transverse row ot (27, 26); superior longitudinal row os (17, 15); inferior longitudinal row oi (4). Anterior dorsal rows: rows n (5) longitudinal from pore ω; rows g, o, m and h not visible. Interorbital papillae absent. Coloration. Freshly collected female (Fig. 2A). Head and body whitish to dusky with brown pigmentation. Snout pale with widely scattered brown dots. Predorsal area with melanophores in irregular marbled pattern of dark brown dots and brown marks combined with whitish brown dotted areas. Nape with conspicuous white spot at mid dorsal above the preopercular edge and pale transversal band above opercle (Fig. 4A). Irregular pattern of brown and dark brown dots and marks at upper cheek, preoperculum and operculum. Lower half of the cheek behind posterior end of mouth, lower opercle and preopercle whitish. Underside of head with dark brown dotted X mark at gular and anterior isthmus regions, inside from ventrolateral head ridge, rest of area unpigmented. Iris similarly brown and whitish marbled as is surrounding skin, pupil dark. Body with four ill-defined midlateral blotches and a fifth triangular mark on caudal fin base. Brown pigmentation at upper half of body mostly present along the scale margins but whitish and brown marks result in a more irregular pattern than a recognizably reticulate pattern. On dorsal side pale saddles on back hardly visible. Lower half of body and ventral side whitish. First dorsal fin pigmented with dots and with dark blotch present anteriorly. Second dorsal fin pigmented with dots arranged in oblique rows. Anal fin dark with transparent edge. Caudal fin with triangular mark extended from caudal peduncle edge onto the caudal fin origin and three narrow vertical bands of dots followed by poorly pigmented area posteriorly. Pectoral fin with white marks. Ventral fins mostly transparent, poorly pigmented with small brown dots. Color of preserved females (Fig. 2B). The colour of preserved specimens pale yellow to white brown (beige to tan), with dark brown markings. Snout pale with scattered small dots. Predorsal area with melanophores concentrated in dark brown marks combined with scattered small dots forming paler areas. Nape with conspicuous unpigmented spot at mid dorsal, above the preopercular edge (Fig. 4B). Scattered melanophores present also on upper cheek, preoperculum and operculum. Lower half of cheek behind posterior end of mouth, lower opercle and preopercle not pigmented. Underside of head with dark brown dotted X mark at gular and anterior isthmus regions, inside from ventrolateral head ridge, the rest of the area unpigmented. Eyes dark, with grey pupil. Melanophores on body forming four ill-defined midlateral blotches and the fifth triangular mark on the caudal fin base. Melanophores also present along the scale margins at upper half of body, forming reticulate pattern. No recognizable pattern visible from dorsal view except for reticulate pattern of pigmented scale margins, no defined pale saddles on back. Melanophores very rarely present elsewhere on the body. Ventral side, including belly whitish. First dorsal fin pigmented with dots and with dark blotch present anteriorly. Second dorsal fin pigmented with dots. Anal fin dark with transparent edge. Caudal fin with triangular mark extended on the caudal fin origin from caudal peduncle edge and three narrow vertical bands of dots followed by poorly pigmented area posteriorly. Pectoral and ventral fins mostly transparent, poorly pigmented with small dots. Osteology. A total of 27 vertebrae including urostyle (10 precaudal and 17 caudal vertebrae). Dorsal-fin pterygiophore insertion pattern: 3-22110. NS PU3 and HS PU3 are larger and wider than preceding neural and haemal spines; NS PU2: very short with wide base, triangular shape; HS PU2: large and wide; epural: large with an appendix to posterior in its base; hypural 5 and parhypural: short and slender (Fig. 5). Etymology. The species is named after Ghazal, daughter of the last author. Distribution and ecology. Until now, S. ghazalae is known from the intertidal zone at the coast of Qeshm Island, Persian Gulf. It was found in rocky pools with some gravels and a little sand and algae (Fig. 6). Remarks. The genus Silhouettea includes the presently described species and nine other valid species. The comparative data for Silhouettea species were based on the Silhouettea genus revision and species descriptions (Larson & Miller 1986; Miller 1988; Randall 2008) and illustrations in Smith (1959) and Masuda et al. (1984). Silhouettea ghazalae sp. nov. differs from known congeners by various characters among which the most useful are chosen for diagnosis and elaborated here. The important additional characters, not used in diagnosis, are also separately noted and compared individually for some species. Silhouettea ghazalae sp. nov. differs from all other Silhouettea species by mental fold present (vs. mental fold absent). Silhouettea ghazalae sp. nov. differs from another large headed Silhouettea, S. capitlineata by second dorsal fin I/11 and anal fin I/13 (vs. second dorsal fin I/10 and anal fin I/11–12), predorsal area and opercle naked (vs. 6–7 transversal predorsal rows of scales and embedded scales dorsally on opercle), three scales along midventral (vs. four scales along midventral in S. capitlineata), different coloration of body and lack of posterior spot on the first dorsal fin (vs. posterior spot present in S. capitlineata). In addition, the posterior angle of jaws ends posteriorly below the posterior edge of pupil (vs. nearly or just reaching a vertical at posterior edge of orbit in S. capitlineata). Silhouettea ghazalae sp. nov. differs from Australian S. evanida and S. hoesei by head length 31.4–32.4% and width 24.5% of standard length (vs. head length 23.4–30.0% and width 12.2–13.8% in S. evanida and head length 24.6–25.4% and width 12.0–12.8% in S. hoesei), different coloration of body, the first dorsal fin with anterior dark spot (vs. no dark spot anteriorly on the first dorsal fin in Australian species) and different length of suborbital rows b and c, and row cp of four papillae (vs. row cp single papilla in Australian species). In addition, it differs from S. hoesei in the second dorsal and anal fin meristics: second dorsal fin I/11 and anal fin I/13 (vs. second dorsal fin I/10 and anal fin I/ 12 in S. hoesei). The new species is different from two other Pacific species, S. nuchipunctatus from Philippines and S. dotui from Japan, by head length 31.4–32.4% and width 24.5% of standard length (vs. head length 24.6–29.1% and width 12.2–14.9% in S. nuchipunctatus and head length 20.1–21.1% and width 11.6-12.4% in S. dotui), different coloration of body, the first dorsal fin with anterior dark spot (vs. dark spot posteriorly in S. nuchipunctatus and S. dotui). In addition, it differs from S. nuchipunctatus in the first spine of the first dorsal fin not elongate (vs. the first spine very long in S. nuchipunctatus), pectoral fin rays 15 (vs. 16 in S. nuchipunctatus) and scales in transverse series 7 (vs. 8 in S. nuchipunctatus). It is additionally different from S. dotui in the second dorsal and anal fin meristics: second dorsal fin I/11 and anal fin I/13 (vs. second dorsal fin I/10 and anal fin I/ 12 in S. dotui), in different length of suborbital rows b and c, and in having row cp with four papillae ( vs. row cp not recorded in S. dotui). Silhouettea ghazalae sp. nov. is different from the East Indian S. indica by second dorsal fin I/11 and anal fin I/13 (vs. second dorsal fin I/10 and anal fin I/ 12 in S. indica), predorsal area naked with no scales in front of line from the upper end of pectoral fin base to the first dorsal fin origin (vs. five predorsal scales noted in S. indica), breast scaled with three scales along midventral (vs. breast naked in S. indica), different coloration of body, the first dorsal fin with anterior dark spot (vs. dark spot posteriorly in S. indica). Silhouettea ghazalae sp. nov. differs from the Red Sea S. aegyptia by head length 31.4–32.4% and width 24.5% of standard length (vs. head length 20.7–29.4% and width 12.9–15.5% in S. aegyptia), second dorsal fin I/11 and anal fin I/13 (vs. second dorsal fin I/10 and anal fin I/ 11 in S. aegyptia), breast scaled with three scales along midventral (vs. breast naked in S. aegyptia), different coloration of body, the first dorsal fin with anterior dark spot (vs. three dark bands in S. aegyptia), and different length of suborbital rows b and c and row cp of four papillae (vs. row cp single papilla in S. aegyptia). Silhouettea ghazalae sp. nov. differs from Western Indian Ocean S. sibayi by the first spines of the first dorsal fin not elongate (vs. the spines very long in S. sibayi), breast scaled with three scales along midventral (vs. breast naked in S. sibayi), different coloration of body, the first dorsal fin with anterior dark spot (vs. three dark spots along the fin in S. sibayi), and different length of suborbital rows b and c, and row cp of four papillae (vs. row cp single papilla in S. sibayi). In addition, posterior angle of jaws ending posteriorly below posterior edge of pupil (vs. nearly reaching a vertical at posterior edge of orbit in S. sibayi), scales in lateral series 24 (vs. 26–27 in S. sibayi) and in transverse series 7 (vs. 8 in S. sibayi). Silhouettea ghazalae sp. nov. differs from Western Indian Ocean S. insinuans by head length 31.4-32.4% and width 24.5% of standard length (vs. head length 24.3–28.2% and width 12.7–14.8% in S. insinuans), predorsal area naked with no scales in front of line from the upper end of pectoral fin base to the first dorsal fin origin (vs. 5-6 scales laterally to midopercle in S. insinuans), different coloration of body, different length of suborbital row c and row cp of four papillae (vs. row cp with 1–3 papillae in S. insinuans). Moreover, caudal fin coloration with triangular mark extended on the caudal fin origin from caudal peduncle edge and four to five narrow vertical bands of dots (vs. dark distally with white edges in S. insinuans). Phylogenetic relationship. We compared three COI nucleotide sequences of S. ghazalae sp. nov. with 72 sequences of other gobiid species done in the present study or retrieved from other studies and GenBank (Tables 2 and 3, Fig. 7). Seven species (Cryptocentroides arabicus, Acentrogobius dayi, Coryogalops tessellatus, Bathygobius meggitti, Palutrus scapulopunctatus, Silhouettea ghazalae sp. nov. and Aulopareia ocellata) were sequenced for the first time ever and five species (Istigobius ornatus, Coryogalops adamsoni, Favonigobius reichei, Bathygobius cocosensis, and Cryptocentrus cyanotaenia) were sequenced for the first time from the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. The molecular tree shown in Fig. 7 is based on the final COI aligned sequences of 47 specimens of 12 species of family Gobiidae from the Iranian coasts of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Analysis of the COI sequence data place the included Silhouettea ghazalae sp. nov. as sister group of Cabillus tongarevae (Fowler, 1927), in the same group with two other gobies, Palutrus scapulopunctatus (de Beaufort, 1912) and Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton, 1822). Silhouettea ghazalae sp. nov. is characterised by a minimum K2P distance of 21% to its closest relative in our dataset, Cabillus tongarevae, in the mtDNA COI barcode region. Unfortunately, no data of the COI sequences is available for any known Silhouettea species. All the nominal species (33 species, except outgroup) were recovered as monophyletic (Fig. 7). The three conceptually different molecular species delimitation methods equally delimited 34 potential species (Fig. 7). Out of 33 nominal species, 29 (88%) species including Silhouettea ghazalae sp. nov. were delimited precisely through these three methods. All methods indicated potential species-level diversity (cryptic diversity) in two nominal species including Istigobius ornatus and Bathygobius cocosensis (both from Indian Ocean and west Pacific species) which need further taxonomic investigations. In addition, based on all three methods, the identity of specimens lodged in GenBank as Acentrogobius viridipunctatus (Valenciennes, 1837) and Exyrias puntang (Bleeker, 1851) should be re-examined.Published as part of Kovačić, Marcelo, Sadeghi, Reza & Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, 2020, New species of Silhouettea (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Qeshm Island, Iran and the DNA barcoding of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea gobies, pp. 49-66 in Zootaxa 4750 (1) on pages 55-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4750.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/370283
Teenagers’ Power Balance at Home with Regard to ICTS as a Social Problem: The New Power Types and Activism Amplification Soheila Sadeghi Fassaei , Iman Erfanmanesh Received: 17/6/2017 Accepted: 14/10/2017
No full textpurposive sampling strategy. In order to achieve the reality reconstruction, the interviews were analyzed in a process consisting of multi-step ordering, coding, pattern revealing, and typology. Despite some vulnerabilities, the results show that 16 types of power for children are discoverable which one can classify into two major categories of acquisitive and transmitted power. Primarily, these types of power are of the dependent, conditional, temporary, potential, illegitimate, instant, exhibitive, and short-rang essence, and they should be considered in the power-dependency network and the need for parents. Keyword: ICTS, Power, Family, Adolescent Children, Social Vulnerability & Problem. Teenagers’ Power Balance at Home with Regard to ICTS as a Social Problem: The New Power Types and Activism Amplification[1] Soheila Sadeghi Fassaei[2] , Iman Erfanmanesh[3] Received: 17/6/2017 Accepted: 14/10/2017 Abstract During the past decade, the intensification in the trend of domestication of ICTS, as a newborn social problem, in Iranian families has created a new experience and perception of everyday family life in the aspects of assignments and rights, imagination and expectation of roles, surveillance, as well as the parent-child relations. One of the most significant achievements of this problem has been the amplification of the activism potency and the potential dormant abilities of adolescent children as a result of adopting technological gadgets as a booster. The authors have investigated the analysis of the mentioned factors by conducting a field research in Tehran (regions 3, 6 & 11). For this purpose, the multi-dimensional theoretical and analytic approach was adopted concerning the relationship between technology and elements such as power, consumption, individualism, socialization, as well as language. The theoretical framework was inspired by the Structuration paradigm generated by Anthony Giddens. Furthermore, applying the semi-structural interview technique, 120 cases of 13-17 year-old adolescents were interviewed according to the theoretical and [1]. This article is from the Ph.D. thesis. [2]. Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, TehranUniversity, (Corresponding Author). [email protected] [3]. Ph.D. Candidate of Cultural Sociology, TehranUniversity, [email protected]
DNA damage repair response in mesenchymal stromal cells: From cellular senescence and aging to apoptosis and differentiation ability
No full textMesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are heterogeneous and contain several populations, including stem cells. MSCs' secretome has the ability to induce proliferation, differentiation, chemo-attraction, anti-apoptosis, and immunomodulation activities in stem cells. Moreover, these cells recognize tissue damage caused by drugs, radiation (e.g., Ultraviolet, infra-red) and oxidative stress, and respond in two ways: either MSCs differentiate into particular cell lineages to preserve tissue homeostasis, or they release a regenerative secretome to activate tissue repairing mechanisms. The maintenance of MSCs in quiescence can increase the incidence and accumulation of various forms of genomic modifications, particularly upon environmental insults. Thus, dysregulated DNA repair pathways can predispose MSCs to senescence or apoptosis, reducing their stemness and self-renewal properties. For instance, DNA damage can impair telomere replication, activating DNA damage checkpoints to maintain MSC function. In this review, we aim to summarize the role of DNA damage and associated repair responses in MSC senescence, differentiation and programmed cell death.There were no funding resources for the current study.Kahroba, H; Sadeghi, MR (corresponding author), Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Fac Adv Med Sci, Dept Mol Med, Tabriz, Iran.
[email protected]; [email protected]
Dataset for Rainfall interception and redistribution by a common North American understory and pasture forb, Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam. dogfennel)
No full textRaw data for Figures 3, 5, and 6 of related article, Gordon, D. A. R., Coenders-Gerrits, M., Sellers, B. A., Sadeghi, S. M. M., and Van Stan II, J. T.: Rainfall interception and redistribution by a common North American understory and pasture forb, Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam. dogfennel), Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4587–4599, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4587-2020.
Figure 3 shows rain amounts [mm] for individual storms and relative overstory throughfall [P_T,o, % of rain]. Figure 5 shows data points for the regressions relating throughfall and stemflow to storm magnitude. Figure 6 shows the normalized stemflow yields and funneling ratios for individual plants, ranked by normalized stemflow yield
مسافر : Mosafer (the Traveller)
No full textThis thesis poses questions about the preservation of culture and language amongst generations of Iranian immigrants living in North America. It investigates the socio-cultural implications of hybridity as they relate to interethnic exchange and the globalizing process of travel and translation. Working with notions of “third space” or “the space in-between” (Clifford,1992; Bhabha, 1994) and Farzad Sharifian’s research on the globalization of English (2012), this work explores how the use of the hybrid language Persian-English affects an Iranian sense of identity in a globalized world. Susan Stewart’s discussion on the agency of objects to generate narratives which are central to a cultural experience (1993) is discussed as it applies to the use of objects in the artworks being examined in this paper. An analysis of several contemporary autoethnographic works from recent art history, such as Mona Hatoum’s Measures of Distance (1988), Zineb Sedira’s Mother Tongue (2002), and Ala Ebtekar’s Elemental (2004), is used to form a basis for a discussion of hybrid identity and how inherited language can complicate cultural exchange. The artistic projects that come out of this research are Ma Miaeem va Miravim (We Come and Go), 2016, and Soghat (Souvenir), 2017. Ma Miaeem va Miravim (We Come and Go) is an artist book based on the first-grade English book, We Come and Go (1954), which employs a hybrid translation of Persian-English—in which Persian words are written using the Roman alphabet. Soghat (Souvenir) is a series of sculptures made from everyday objects and string, which investigates how culture travels through objects. These artworks are discussed to explore ways in which meaning can be lost, gained, or altered, through the substitution of signifiers and the co-mingling of cultures
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