20 research outputs found
Sexual differentation and identification in Iranian children of varying cultural backgrounds
No full textThesis (M.A.)--Michigan State University of Agriculture and Applied Science. Dept. of Psychology, 1960Includes bibliographical references (leaves 52-53
Los idiomas popolocas y su clasificación.. Anales del Museo Nacional de Arqueología, Historia y Etnografía. Num. 20 Tomo III (1925) Cuarta Época (1922-1933)
No full textBancroft, Hubert H. The Native Races, Vol. III. Myths and Languages, by Hubert Howe Bancroft. San Francisco, 1883Belmar, Francisco. Ligero estudio sobre la lengua Mazateca. Oaxaca, 1892.Belmar, Francisco. Ensayo sobre la lengua Trike. -Oaxaca, 1897.Belmar, Francisco. El Chocho. - Oaxaca, 1899.Belmar, Francisco. Lenguas Indígenas de México. -Familia Mixteco-Zapoteca y sus relaciones con el otomí. – Familia Zoque-Mixe-Chontal. Huave y Mexicano, por el Lic. Francisco Belmar. - México, 1905.Brinton, Prof. Daniel G. Chontales and popolucas: A Contribution to Mexican Ethnography, by Prof. Daniel. G. Brinton. In Congrés International des Amerkanistes. - Compte. – Rendu de la Huitiéme Session tenue a Paris en 1890. - Paris, 1892.Brinton, D. G. Ou the mazatec Language of Mexico and its Affinities, by Daniel G. Brinton, M. D. In Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. XXX, pp. 31-39. - Philadelphia, 1892.Colección Polidiómica Mexicana que contiene la Oración Dominical vertida en cincuenta y dos idiomas indígenas de aquella república, dedicada a N. S. P. el señor Pío IX, Pont. Max. por La Sociedad de Geografía y Estadística. – México, 1860.Del Paso y Troncoso, Francisco. Papeles de Nueva España publicados de orden y con fondos del Gobierno Mexicano por Francisco del Paso y Troncoso, Director en misión del Museo Nacional.Del Paso y Troncoso, Francisco. Segunda Serie. Geografía y Estadística. - Tomo IV. id. Tomo V. id. Tomo VI.García Pascual Francisco. Razas del Estado de Oaxaca, sus idiomas primitivos y su capacidad para la civilización. – Discurso pronunciado por el socio de la Sociedad de Geografía y Estadística de la República Mexicana. - Quinta Epoca. - Tomo I. - pp. 360-397. - México, 1902.Lehmann, Dr. Walther. Ueber die Stellung und Verwandschaft der Subtiaba Sprache der Fazifischen Küste Nicaraguas und über die Sprache von Tapachula in Südchiapas. - In Zeitschrift für Ethnologie. 47 Jahrgang; Heft I. - Berlin, 1915.Lehmann, Dr. Walther. Zentral-Amerika I. Teil. Die Sprachen Zentral-Amerikas, etc. Vol. II.León, Dr. Nicolás. Familias Lingüísticas de México. - Carta Lingüística de México y sinopsis de sus familias, idiomas y dialectos. - Ensayo de la clasificación por el Dr. Nicolás León. - Museo Nacional de México. – Sección de Antropología y Etnografía. - México, 1902.León, Dr. Nicolás. Familias Lingüísticas de México.-Ensayo de Clasificación escrito por el Dr. Nicolás León. - Anales del Museo Nacional, Tomo. VII; pp. 277-335.León, Dr. Nicolás. Los Popolocas, por el Profesor Dr. Nicolás León. Conferencias del Museo Nacional. - Sección de Etnología. - Núm. 1. - México, 1905.León, Dr. Nicolás. Vocabulario de la Lengua Popoloca Chocha o Chuchona, con sus equivalentes en castellano. Colectado y arreglado bajo un solo alfabeto por el Dr. N. León, Profesor de Antropología Física en el Museo Nacional.Mechling. Indiam Linguistics Stocks of Oaxaca, In American Anthropologist, vol. XIV, 1912.Orozco y Berra, Lic. Manuel. Geografía de las Lenguas y Carta Etnográfica de México, precedidas de un ensayo de clasificación de las mismas lenguas y de apuntes para las inmigraciones de las tribus, por el Lic. Manuel Orozco y Berra. - México, 1864.Pimentel, D. Francisco. Cuadro Descriptivo y Comparativo de las Lenguas Indígenas de México, por D. Francisco Pimentel - 2 Tomos. - México. 1862.Pimentel, D. Francisco. Cuadro Descriptivo y Comparativo de las Lenguas Indígenas de México o Tratado de Filología Mexicana, por Francisco Pimentel. (Segunda Edición Unica Completa.) - 3 Tomos. - México. 1874-1875.Pimentel, D. Francisco. Idem. In Obras Completas de D. Francisco Pimentel, tomos I y II.-México, 1903.Starr, Fred. Notes upon the Ethnography of Southern México. - Chicago 1912.Thomas, Cyrus and Swanton, John R. Indian Languages of Mexico and Central America and their geographical distribution, by Cyrus Thomas, assisted by John R. Swanton. Smithsonian Institution. - Bureau of American Ethnology. - Bull. 44. - Washington D. C. 1911
States, firms, and oil : British policy, 1939-54
No full textNew
evidence
from the records of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (now British
Petroleum) and Shell for the period,
1939-45 supplements accounts of British
oil relations
based on state archives. This historical account demonstrates the continuity between the
interwar industry cartel and the Allied
wartime collaboration orchestrated through industry
committees. The
companies made use of their quasi-official position to manage crisis of
prewar arrangements aggravated by the war which presaged the rapid expansion of
postwar Middle East production. The companies then shaped the Anglo-American Oil
Agreements of
1944
and 1945, establishing a
basis for
remaking their position
in the
Middle East, expanding the web of
interfirm
relations. The nationalisation of
Anglo-
Iranian in 1951 threatened the web and the companies were able to embargo nationalised
Iranian oil and thus bankrupt the state. This society of oil majors was constituted by
shared
understandings and interests cultivated by the companies.
Structures of private governance may be quite significant factors for
states allied to them.
The United Kingdom
was more closely tied into the system of private governance that
prevailed in international oil
in the middle
decades of the century than was the United
States and consequently was able to call on more resources to resist
United States
initiatives during this period. British influence persisted in the oil
issue-area, in
spite of
greater
United States resources overall, because of this close working relationship
between state and companies. Close examination of the relationship reveals the extent of
penetration by the companies into both the decision-malting and implementation of
foreign
relations. The `national' interest was thus articulated through an interplay of
Governmental
and corporate agendas, and this supports a general argument that `national' power
is not
exercised solely
by the state, but by the state in
cooperation with other powerful social
institutions. Non-state actors and their archives may enrich the study of foreign relations
The Christian Right and US Foreign Policy in the Twenty-first Century
No full textThe thesis discusses the role of the Christian Right in the US foreign policy decision making process. The research revealed that the Christian Right has long been fascinated with some international issues in general and US foreign policy in particular. The Christian Right’s interest in international issues increased markedly during years of the George W. Bush presidency. It successfully widened its activities from domestic social conservative issues to foreign policy issues by participating in, articulating and lobbying for its religious version of American foreign policy. In assessing the role of the Christian Right in US foreign policy making, this dissertation examines three aspects of US foreign policy, namely Israel, international religious freedom and global humanitarianism. Based on these aspects, the Christian Right is seen as skilled in framing and defining issues. The Christian Right seems effective in selecting and prioritizing international issues that have a reasonable chance of being selected by foreign policy decision makers, especially in Congress. Moreover, the Christian Right has shown its maturity in seeking engagement and cooperation with other organizations, secular and religious, in order to advance its international goals. Finally, in pursuing and conveying its international agenda, the Christian Right has adopted a more moderate and less overtly religious approach. Instead of using its traditional religious rhetoric, the Christian Right has successfully projected its foreign policy preferences into the conventional realist discourse of American foreign policy that is largely based on the objective of national interest and national security. Nevertheless, this study does not, in any way, conclude that the Christian Right was able to influence or determine the direction of US foreign policy and its outcomes; however, it does suggest that the Christian Right did contribute and have an impact on the formulation of some US foreign policy. As such, the research contends that the role of the Christian Right is similar to other interest group lobbies and that its perceived influence on US foreign policy should not be exaggerated. Finally, the research suggests that the emergence of the Christian Right as an actor in asserting its global agenda through US foreign policy can possibly provide an example of how religious beliefs and values can become a potential source of “soft power”. Together with the “climate of opinion” of the American public during the Bush administration, the “soft power” at domestic level could serve as a valuable new explanatory variable in understanding how the US foreign policy was formulated in the early 21st century
Adaptations of Hamlet in Different Cultural Contexts: Globalisation, Postmodernism, and Altermodernism
No full textAlthough there has traditionally been a resistance to the study of adaptations, adaptation studies as a subsection of 'intertextuality‘ currently has a significant place in academic debates. Hamlet is "the Mona Lisa of literature" (T.S. Eliot), and has been the subject of constant scrutiny, mythologizing and adaptation. Hamlet has been adapted and appropriated into and by various cultural contexts. Even confining our attention to the same medium as Shakespeare‘s text, there exists an array of theatrical adaptations in languages and cultures as diverse as Persian, Korean, Arabic, German, Russian, and Turkish. Borrowing Ludwig Wittgenstein‘s metaphor of 'family resemblance,‘ I argue the usefulness of his idea, enabling us to examine not simply a small number of common properties among adaptations of Hamlet, but rather to explore the 'complicated network of similarities overlapping and criss-crossing‘ (Philosophical Investigations, §66). I further propose subdividing the 'global family‘ of Hamlets from around the world that participate in this/these web-like resemblances into 'local families‘ of adapted Hamlets, to enable better intercultural and cross-cultural studies.
In this thesis I analyse seven theatrical adaptations of Hamlet in Turkish, Russian, Arabic and Persian cultural contexts, from the perspectives of postmodernism, globalisation and altermodernism. I also scrutinise the Persian family of Hamlet in the light of 'intertextuality‘. Given that each adaptation per se brings together 'self‘ and 'other‘ at the same time, I go on to coin two new terms: homointertextuality and heterointertextuality, in order to explore fully the various connections of the adaptations of Hamlet in Iran with the 'cultural self‘ (Persian culture) and the 'cultural other‘ (Anglophone culture)
Theology and natural philosophy in late seventeenth and early eighteenth-century Britain
No full textA number of historians of science have claimed that the early Boyle Sermons provided a platform for the promotion of a moderate-Anglican social and political ideology underpinned by Newtonian natural philosophy. However, by examining in detail the texts of Richard Bentley, John Harris and Samuel Clarke, this thesis argues that their Sermons should not be characterised as 'Newtonian'. These texts were highly complex literary productions constructed with the intention of achieving victory over the enemies of Christianity. An examination of their rhetorical strategies
focuses attention on the use to which various cognitive materials - including natural philosophy - were put. Thus the presence of Newtonian concepts in the texts is
explained by the aims and overall scholarly programmes of the Lecturers. It will also be argued that the term 'Boyle Lectureship' is problematic and that the main elements of the Lectureship - Robert Boyle's bequest, the Trustees, the
Lecturers, and the Sermons - cannot be conflated into a single historical unit. Therefore, throughout this study, emphasis is placed on the contingent and singular
behaviour of individuals located within an ecclesiastical and scholarly community, where career promotion and the notion of scholarly credit were important. The brief
in Boyle's last will and testament stipulated that the Lecturers must defend Christianity using the scholarly tools to hand. In this thesis it will be shown that the
personnel of the Lectureship conformed to Boyle's brief and that they utilised all available methods and materials in the pursuance of their legal and institutional
responsibilities. This approach removes the analysis of the Lectureship from an overarching sociological perspective; instead the Sermons are interpreted as exemplary texts in the rhetorical prosecution of the enemies of Christianity. This study, therefore, acknowledges the complex nature of theological texts in early modern England
Empire of coercion: Rome, its ruler and his soldiers
No full textThis thesis explores the basis of the political power wielded by Roman emperors. Its hypothesis is that their power was of an essentially coercive nature, and was a manifestation of the Roman ethos of competition for personal dominance. This competition took place within the context of a society in which war and military organisation were of prime significance. As a result, political power was habitually obtained and held through the direct and indirect involvement of soldiers. It was inevitable that the relationship between emperors and their soldiers should be the major determinant of their authority. Issues considered to be relevant to this view are examined from a wide perspective and within the broad time scale of the classical world before the advent of the Christian Empire. Ancient writing on the nature of political power is explored, and every effort is made to give due weight to the direct expressions of our primary sources in their discussions of personal authority. Evidence is also cited from sociological and other modem theories of political power in order to illuminate the coercive basis of the Roman state. The development of power within Rome is traced, together with the explanations, justifications and mechanisms inherent to its operation. Soldiers are shown to have been the key agents of Roman political coercion. Bases of authority other than coercion are considered for their relevance, but are found either to have been derivative of, or secondary to, force and the threat of force. The qualities required of a successful emperor are explored. These are demonstrated to have been primarily military, while in the most significant aspects of political and personal behaviour the Roman ruler sought to establish and strengthen the bond between himself and his soldiers. When this link finally weakened, political authority passed directly to the soldiers
Theological controversy in the seventh century concerning activities and wills in Christ
No full textThe primary purpose of the thesis is to fill the existing gaps in our understanding of various theological and political aspects of the controversy that took place in both Eastern and Western parts of the Roman Empire in the seventh century, the main theological point of which was wether Christ had one or two energeiai and wills. Before coming to any conclusions on this subject, I shall investigate the preliminary forms of Monenergism and Monothelitism i.e., belief in a single energeia and will of Christ, which were incorporated in the major Christological systems developed by Apollinarius of Laodicea, Theodore of Mopsuestia, and Severus of Antioch (chapters 1-3).Against this background, it becomes obvious that the Chalcedonian Monenergism and later Monothelitism emerged from the movement of neo- Chalcedonianism. It was an attempt by the political and ecclesiastical authorities to achieve a theological compromise with various non-Chalcedonian groups, mainly Severian, but also 'Nestorian'. Their ultimate goal was to reconcile these groups with the Catholic Church of the Empire (chapter 4). However, this project of reconciliation on the basis of the single-energeia formula was contested by the representatives of the same neo-Chalcedonian tradition and consequently condemned at the Councils of Lateran (649) and Constantinople (680/681). Thus, the same neo-Chalcedonian tradition produced two self-sufficient and antagonistic doctrines. A major concern of the thesis is to expose and compare systematically their doctrinal content per se and in the wider context of the principles of neo-Chalcedonianism (chapter 5)
Nahuatl in the Huasteca Hidalguense : a case study in the sociology of language
No full textThis thesis examines the vitality of Hidalgo Nahuatl (HN) in the
communities of Jaltocan, Panacaxtlan, Santa Cruz, Santa Teresa
and Zohuala in the Huasteca Hidalguense, Mexico.
The research, conducted in Mexico and St. Andrews University
from 1976-1982, applies an analysis of HN within the framework of
the Sociology of Language and Dependency Theory, thereby using a
multi-disciplinary approach. Through an investigation of the historical,
social, cultural and economic factors related to HN, the
latter is embedded in its reality.
HN is shown to be originally a language of dependency and oppression,
supported by a long mestizo tradition of "caciquismo". It is
demonstrated that an increasing number of Spanish (S) monolinguals,
together with other socio-economic factors, is encouraging Nahuas
to bilingualize and S:: =A. is fast becoming the new language of dependency.
The Hidalgo Nahuas possess practical reasons for the acquisition
of S., these being to solve their daily problems - especially
land tenancy -, to communicate with the mestizo out-group and to
undertake trading with non-HN speakers. However, the Nahuas are
not surrendering their native language as they bilingualize, but
rather, tend to limit its usage to native Nahua contexts and speakers.
HN has become important to the Nahuas in order to demonstrate
their ethnic identity and territoriality.
The introduction of government projects to the communities, such as
the Castellanizacion project or bilingual-bicultural education, are
shown to be theoretically bilingual in approach, but fail to take
into account sufficiently the regional Indian language in the praxis.
The stable maintenance of HN is highlighted by statistical results
from the word-count of recorded texts, documents and publications
and the range of morphological phenomena affecting S. words
in HN is described with examples from the Corpus.
The linguistic interference from S. in HN is located within Dependency
Theory and this author suggests the use of the term dependency
word rather than loan word and dependency language, thus implying
a diachronic sociological process which is reflected in HN.
Extended Texts are offered as evidence of the linguistic standard
of HN and attitudes of Nahuas towards their language are presented.
The final conclusion is that modern HN is a viable, vital and
functional language at the time of undertaking this research and
demonstrates a frequent usage by a large number of speakers. HN
has still not entered into:. -avital process of language death, as
is the case in other Nahuatl-speaking regions of Mexico, and is
still being maintained, particularly at community level, by adults
and children alike
From temple to house-church in Luke-Acts: a Lukan challenge to Korean Christianity
No full textThis dissertation examines the portrayals of the Temple, synagogue, and
house-churches in Luke-Acts to pose a Lukan challenge to the Korean church by using
a model of architectural space which is derived from social-scientific ideas originating
in anthropology, sociology and social psychology. The dissertation proposes the
relevance of the Lukan house-church to the Korean church today so as to transform
the latter's character in its architecture and use of space into the inclusive and
missionary one which is featured in Luke-Acts. The argument of the dissertation
begins with an exploration and defence of social-scientific method (Chapter 1).
Chapter 2 begins with a history and analysis of Korean Christianity which raises
problem surrounding its use of architectural space, before setting out a socialscientific
model of architectural space, which is then applied to contemporary Korean
church architecture. Challenging current understandings of a positive Lukan attitude
toward the Temple, this study proposes in Chapter 3 that Luke had a negative
understanding of the Temple in that it was an oppressive institution characterised by
segmented spaces which divided the people of God and thus showed its illegitimacy in
relation to the saving plan of God in Jesus. The dissertation next proposes in Chapter
4 that first-century synagogues were subsidiary Temple spaces which were extended
to most parts of Mediterranean world from the central sanctuary in Jerusalem, and that
Luke portrays the synagogues as similar to the Temple. Contrary to the Temple and
synagogue, the house in Luke-Acts expresses the inclusive salvation of the gospel
which incorporates a variety of people regardless of social status, gender, age and
ethnic origin (Chapter 5). In this interpretation, the house-church is represented as an
inclusive space accessible without institutional constraints. In the Gospel, it serves to
express the Kingdom of God into which sinners are invited to enter through meals and
to be incorporated into a fictive-kinship group created by Jesus. In Acts, the house is
not only a locus of Christian meetings in which the social relationships, characteristic
of family, are practised to enhance and legitimise the social identity of Jesus'
followers, but also the modus operandi of Christian mission through which the Christ-movement
spreads throughout the Mediterranean world. This study concludes with an
Epilogue containing brief suggestions for changes in Korean church architecture and
use of space based on these Lukan insights, which have the potential radically to
transform Korean Protestant Christianity
