1,721,394 research outputs found
Designing façade and envelope for a high-rise residential building using energy-efficient materials: A case in Istanbul, Turkey
No full textThe construction industry is responsible for 40% of global energy demand as buildings increase heating, cooling, and lighting demand. Therefore, building energy performance has become one of the most significant subjects for the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry in the last decade. The envelope of a building has an essential role in optimizing energy performance and consumption. The research objective of this study is to analyse and compare the impact of different envelope and facade materials on building energy performance for a high-rise residential building. The research methodology includes a literature review and a case study. The literature review analysed studies published between 2015 and 2021. In the literary review, 84 publications were extracted from Web of Science and Scopus databases, and the following sources were included: articles published in prominent journals, conference proceedings, thesis, scientific reports, and books. In the case study, passive strategies including building shape, orientation, insulation, window-wall ratio, and shelter were implemented in a 10-story residential building in Istanbul, Turkey. Design-Builder and EnergyPlus were used for analysing and comparing the energy performance of the different wall, insulation, and glass materials used in the building. Results demonstrate that each parameter and material has a considerable impact on the building energy performance. This study would contribute to the AEC literature and industry by comparing different envelope materials' energy performance and the proper scenario according to Turkey(Istanbul)'s climate. Policy-makers and decision-makers can benefit from the results of this research and amend the existing codes and policies for new high-rise buildings
Antifungal activity of triterpenoid isolated from Azima tetracantha leaves.
Full text linkThe present study was designed to evaluate the antifungal activity of Azima tetracantha extracts and isolated compound (friedelin) against fungi. Antifungal activity was carried out using broth microdilution method and fractions were collected using (silica gel) column chromatography. The antifungal activity of Azima tetracantha crude extracts and isolated compound (friedelin) were evaluated using the micro dilution method. Hexane extract showed some antifungal activity. The compound also exhibited antifungal activity against tested fungi. The lowest MIC against Trichophyton rubrum (296) was 62.5 microg/ml and the MIC for Curvularia lunata was 62.5 microg/ml. These results suggest that Friedelin is a promising antifungal agent
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE HEXANE EXTRACT OF LEAVES OF AZIMA TETRACANTHA (LAM)
Full text linkObjective: In the present study, the phytochemical constituents of hexane extract from Azima tetracantha (AT) leaves were done by using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry analysis technique (GC-MS). Azima tetracantha has been an important medicinal herb being used in tribal medicines since long, but chemical constituents of its bark responsible for the activities are still not studied in depth.Methods: Azima tetracantha leaves were collected from Ariyalur District, Tamil Nadu. The dried leaf was powdered and was extracted with the solvent hexane by using a Soxhlet apparatus. One microlitre of the extract was subjected to analysis by GC-MS to detect the presence of bioactive compounds present in the leaves of the plant.Results: The results showed that the leaves of Azima tetracantha contained 47 compounds, of which the major is n-hexadecanoic acid (39.10%) followed by oleic acid (11.54%). Analysis and identification of the presence of the compound in the extract were done by using the database of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) library.Conclusion: In the present study, 47 chemical constituents have been identified from the hexane leaf extract of Azima tetracantha by GC-MS analysis. The hexane extract is mainly composed of terpenoids and sterols. Thus, Azima tetracantha is found to possess significant phytonutrients, which attribute to its medicinal worth.Â
Evaluating the impact of building envelope on energy performance: Cooling analyses
No full textBuildings require a significant amount of energy for heating, cooling, and lighting. Hence, building energy performance has become one of the most important topics in the
architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry in the last decade. The building envelope plays a critical role in maximizing energy efficiency and decreasing
energy consumption generally. The research objective of this study is to examine and compare the effects of three different building envelope types on energy performance in
a high-rise residential building. A literature review and case study were performed for achieving the research objective of this study. In the literature review, records (i.e.,
journal articles, conference proceedings, and scientific reports) published between 2011 and 2021 were included, and Web of Science and Scopus databases were used. In the
case study, passive methods including building design, orientation, insulation, and window-to-wall ratio were employed for a 10-story reinforced concrete residential
building in Istanbul, Turkey. The energy performance of the different wall, insulation, and glass components utilized in the building was analyzed and compared via
DesignBuilder software. Findings show that each parameter and material have a significant impact on the energy performance of a structure. This research would make
a noteworthy contribution to the AEC literature and industry by analyzing the energy performance of different building envelope types and the appropriate scenarios based
on the location. The results of this study can be used by policymakers and decisionmakers to revise existing codes and policies for new high-rise buildings.Publisher versio
ОБРАЗЫ-СИМВОЛЫ В ДРАМАХ АНТОНА ЧЕХОВА
No full textMOTYWY SYMBOLICZNE W DRAMATACH ANTONIEGO CZECHOWA
Streszczenie
W artykule rozpatrywana jest specyfika wykorzystania motywów symbolicznych w utworach Antona Czechowa. Symbolizm motywów przyrody w jego dramatach odgrywa istotną rolę, ponieważ to właśnie one tworzą podstawę filozoficzną całego pomysłu literackiego. Analiza wizji artystycznych w dziełach Czechowa wskazuje na rosnący poziom złożoności symboli w jego twórczości.
Azima Chamidowa
SYMBOLS IN CHEKHOV’S PLAYS
Summary
The article presents specificity of using symbols in Anton Chekhov’s works. Symbols related to nature play a significant role in his plays because they set a philosophical framework for the whole literary framework. The analysis of artistic visions in Chekhov’s works indicates increasing level of symbols complexity in his plays
Influence of Sporasarcina pasteurii cells on rheological properties of cement paste
No full textNowadays with the developments in the concrete materials technology, researches started to focus on highly flowable mixes with improved rheological properties. These highly flowable mixes generally require use of viscosity modifying agents (VMAs) to reduce bleeding and segregation. VMAs are water-soluble polymers that can be produced from acrylic polymers and polysaccharide-based biopolymers obtained from cellulose, starch or bacterial fermentation. Through the literature, nopal mucilage, brown algae and bacterial cell walls were proposed as alternatives to these bio-based admixtures. However, these alternatives also require extra processing which results again with a higher unit cost. This paper summarizes the rheological properties of a cement paste including bacterial cells. The main goal of this study was to investigate the influence of Sporasarcina pasteurii (S. pasteurii) cells on viscosity and yield stress of cement-based materials. The bacterial cells were directly incorporated to the mix water and influence of cells on viscosity and yield strength was evaluated by rheological tests. In addition, the influence of bacteria dosage, water to cement ratio (w/c), use of superplasticizers and fly ash on performance of biological VMA were investigated. Our results showed that the apparent viscosity and yield stress of the cement-paste mix were increased with the addition of the microorganisms. Moreover, the provided biological VMA was found to be compatible with the use of fly ash and superplasticizers depending on the w/c of cement paste.TÜBİTA
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PERIODE LAKTASI DAN PRODUKSI SUSU TERNAK KERBAU DI KECAMATAN CURIO KABUPATEN ENREKANG
No full text2013NURUL AZIMA (I 111 07 008). Relationship between Laction Period and Milk Production of Swamp Buffalo at Curio District, Enrekang Regency. Supervised by Prof. Dr. Ir. H. Sjamsuddin Garantjang, M.Sc as supervisor Dr. Ir. Rr. Sri Rachma Aprilita Bugiwati, M.Sc as co-supervisor.\ud
A study was conducted to determine the Relationship between Laction Period and Milk Production of Swamp Bufallo at Curio District, Enrekang Regency. This study used Regression and corelation analysis, under 5 treatments of 1st Laction Period (3-4,2 years of ages), 2nd lactation period ( >4,3-5,3 years of ages), 3rd lactation period ( >5,4-6,4 years of ages), 4th lactation period (>6,5-7,5 years of ages), and 5th lactation period (7,6-8,6 years of ages). Material research were 15 heads of Female Swamp bufallo and milk of bufallo. The result show that the highest milk production performance of swamp bufallo was shown at 4th lactation period that 1,74 liters.\ud
Keywords: Milk Production, Lactation Period, and Swamp Bufallo \ud
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ABSTRAK\ud
NURUL AZIMA (I 111 07 008). Hubungan antara Periode Laktasi dan Produksi Susu Ternak Kerbau di Kecamatan Curio, Kabupaten Enrekang. Di bawah bimbingan Prof. Dr. Ir. H. Sjamsuddin Garantjang, M.Sc sebagai Pembimbing Utama dan Dr. Ir. Rr. Sri Rachma Aprilita Bugiwati, M.Sc sebagai Pembimbing Anggota. \ud
Suatu penelitian telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui Hubungan antara Produksi Susu dan Periode Laktasi Ternak Kerbau di Kecamatan Curio, Kabupaten Enrekang. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi dan korelasi, dengan 5 kelmpok umur untuk periode laktasi I ( umur 3-4,2 tahun) , periode laktasi II (umur >4,3-5,3 tahun) dan periode laktasi III (umur >5,4-6,4 tahun) periode laktasi IV (umur >6,5-7,5 tahun) dan periode laktasi V (umur >7,6-8,6 tahun) . Materi penelitian adalah 15 ekor kerbau lumpur betina dan susu kerbau. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan puncak produksi susu dicapai pada periode laktasi IV yaitu 1,74 liter .\ud
Kata Kunci : Produksi Susu, Periode Laktasi, dan Kerbau Lumpur
Rheoloji değiştirme ajanları : mikroorganizmalar ile geliştirilen anahtar teknoloji
No full textRecent development in concrete technology enabled the design of highly flowable mixes with improved workability. These advanced mixes require incorporation of fine materials or viscosity modifying agents (VMA) to reduce the possible segregation and bleeding due to the use of high range water reducers (such as superplasticizers). The VMAs used in concrete production are generally produced from acrylic polymers and polysaccharide-based biopolymers obtained from cellulose, starch or bacterial fermentation. Diutan gum, produced by fermentation of Sphinogomonas sp, and welan gum, which is a fermentation product of Alcaligenes sp, are the most commonly used polysaccharide VMAs. Similar polysaccharides can be obtained by fermentation of genetically modified bacteria or using plant cell walls. Most polysaccharide based VMAs are able to increase the viscosity of cement paste and exhibit shear thinning behavior such that increased shear rate results with a substantial decrease in apparent viscosity. This behavior is attributed to the long molecular structure of bio-based polysaccharides. Though highly effective bacterial fermentation products can resist the high PH environment of cement-paste, the ecological population of the species is not known. Thus, they are among the most expensive cement admixtures. Advances in construction technology and risen importance of sustainability initiatives reinforce the use of biological admixtures, however, their relatively high cost can be a major drawback in practical applications. Through the literature, nopal mucilage, brown algae, and bacterial cell walls were proposed as alternatives to these bacterial fermentation products. However, these alternatives also require extra processing which required bigger budget even compared to bacterial fermentation products. This project aims to incorporate bacteria cells to the cement-based mix as VMAs without any extra intervention. To achieve this goal, Sporosarcina pasteurii (S.pasteurii), Bacillus megaterium (B. megaterium), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and Paenibacillus polymyxa (P. polymyxa) were selected as suitable due to their abundant resource in nature. These Gram-positive bacterial cells include peptidoglycans and polysaccharides in their cell wall structure, which resembles the molecular structure of commercially used VMAs. In addition, these cells, particularly B. subtilis, can influence the viscosity of a suspension due to its motility. Throughout the study, these cells were grown in specified nutrient media and then harvested from the inoculum by centrifuging. Then, these cells were suspended in mixing water and their influence on the rheology of cement paste was evaluated. In addition, the influence of water to cement ratio, the dosage of cells added was evaluated along with the impacts of superplasticizers and fly ash on the performance of bacteria cells as VMAs. There are few established industrial and various small-scale companies that produce biological admixtures for cement-based materials. However, nationwide these biological admixtures (for instance chitosan) are only produced for the food industry. The product obtained by the end of this study is a novel and sustainable practice in Turkey, where the construction industry leads the economy.Günümüzde gelişen beton teknolojisi, yeni kuşak çimento esaslı malzemelerin gelişiminin önünü açmıştır. Akışkanlığı ve işlenebilirliği yüksek harç ve betonların kullanımı gittikçe artmaktadır. Bu tür malzemelerde dağıtma gücü çok yüksek akışkanlaştırıcı katkıların neden olduğu ayrışmayı (segregasyon) ve terlemeyi önleyebilmek için daha ince tanecikli malzemeler veya viskozite düzenleyici katkıların (VDK) kullanımı artmaktadır. VDK, akışkanlığı yüksek olan beton ya da harçların kararlılığını (stabilizesini) arttırmakta ve taze çimento hamuru performansını yükseltmektedir. Günümüzde beton üretiminde kullanılan VDK’lar suda çözünen polivinil alkol veya polimerlerden oluşmaktadır. VDK’lar akrilik polimerlerden, selülozdan, nişastadan veya bakteri fermantasyonu gibi polisakkarit bazlı biyopolimerlerden elde edilmektedir. Bakterilerden elde edilen polisakkaritlerden CP Kelco adlı şirketin Sphingomonas bakterisinin fermantasyonu ile elde ettiği diutan sakızı, Merck & CO adlı şirketin Alcaligenes bakterisini kullanarak ürettiği welan sakızı çimento esaslı malzemelerde VDK olarak sıkça kullanılmaktadır. Benzer şekilde piyasada bakterilerin genleri ile oynanarak ya da bitkilerin hücre duvarları kullanılarak farklı polisakkaritler elde edilebildiği bilinmektedir. Çimento esaslı malzemelerde VDK olarak kullanılan biyolojik polisakkaritler çimento hamurunun viskozitesini arttırdığı belirlenirken, yapılan testlerde kayma hızı arttırılırken malzemenin inceldiği (shear-thinning) gözlemlenmiştir. Bu özelliklerin biyolojik polisakkaritlerin uzun moleküler yapısı ile ilişkili olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu fermantasyonun ürünü olan polisakkaritler yüksek PH değerlerine dayanma özellikleriyle ön plana çıkarken, bunları üretecek mikroorganizmaların ekolojik olarak popülasyonu bilinmemektedir. Bu nedenle birim fiyat yükselmektedir. İlerleyen teknoloji ve sürdürülebilirlik bilinci biyolojik katkı malzemelerinin inşaat sektöründe kullanımının artmasını teşvik ederken, maliyetlerinin yüksek olması bir dezavantaj yaratmaktadır. Uluslararası literatürde bu fermantasyon ürünlerine alternatif olarak göllerden toplanan yosunlar ve bakterilerin, sadece hücre duvarlarının ayrıştırılarak kullanılması incelenmiştir. Ancak bu iki ürünün elde edilmesinde özel işçilik gerektirecek farklı işlemlerin uygulanması, maliyetlerin yine yükselmesine sebep olmuştur. Bu projenin amacı doğadan kolayca elde edilen mikroorganizmaları, hücre duvarını ayrıştırılması gibi özel işlemler gerektirmeden, çimento esaslı malzemelerde VDK olarak kullanarak reolojisi iyileştirilmiş bir çimento harcı (ürün) elde etmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Sporosarcina pasteurii, Bacillus magetrium, Bacillus subtilis ve Paenibacillus polymyxa bakteri suşları seçilmiştir. Bu çalışma süresince, bakteriler besi yerlerinde büyütüldükten sonra santrifüj edilerek ortamdan ayrıştırılmıştır. Ardından bu hücreler çimento karışım suyuna eklenmiş ve çimento hamurunun reolojisine olan etkileri test edilmiştir. Ayrıca farklı su oranlarında ve bakteri dozajlarının test edileceği karışımlara, süperakışkanlaştırıcıların ve uçucu külün bakterilere olan etkisi incelenmiştir
Yüksek katlı konutun dış cephe malzemeleri için karşılaştırmalı enerji simülasyonu: ısınma ve soğuma verimliliği analizi
No full textThe interest in building energy performance and efficiency has been increasing in the last decades. Although several studies on energy-efficient buildings exist in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) literature, none of them addressees the heating and cooling performance of high-rise building envelope materials. Such research would be a valuable guideline for the early decision-making process in energy-efficient high-rise building design. This study aims to (1) build up a knowledge base for exploring the optimal building envelope components based on the relevant aspects of energy performance to design energy-efficient high-rise buildings and (2) analyze and compare the effects of three different building envelope materials (i.e., reinforce concrete, timber wall, and curtain wall) on energy performance of a high-rise residential building. For this purpose, first, Cite Space, VoSViewer, and Gephi were used for building up a knowledge base in building energy performance. Then, various scenarios for evaluating the impact of envelope components (e.g., wall structure, window-to-wall ratio, and site orientation) were developed and analyzed. Efficient scenarios were opted for developing analyses in terms of floor, roof, and glazing type to decrease the heat loss/gain in the roof, floor, and glazing. Design Builder was utilized to design and model the case study building based in Istanbul, Turkey, and perform energy analysis for its heating and cooling efficiency by focusing on walls, roof, and ceiling (considering the building's orientation), window-to-wall ratio (WWR), and insulation. This research contributes to the AEC literature and industry by providing (1) detailed information about influential factors in heat loss/gain, (2) the factors to achieve energy efficiency and to decrease heating and cooling demand in high-rise buildings, (3) combinations for energy efficient building envelope materials, and (4) knowledge base for an efficient heating ventilation air conditioning system design for high-rise residential buildings. Accordingly, the results would be very useful for assisting professionals in the decision-making process of energy-efficient high-rise residential building design. Further, this study reveals promising topics in this scope for future research.Binaların enerji performansına ve verimliliğine yönelik ilgi son yıllarda artmaktadır. Mimarlık, mühendislik ve inşaat (AEC) literatüründe enerji verimli binalar üzerine çeşitli çalışmalar olmasına rağmen, bunların hiçbiri yüksek bina kabuğu malzemelerinin ısıtma ve soğutma performansını ele almamaktadır. Böyle bir araştırma, enerji verimli yüksek bina tasarımında erken karar verme süreci için değerli bir kılavuz olacaktır. Bu çalışma, (1) enerji verimli yüksek binalar tasarlamak için enerji performansının ilgili yönlerine dayalı optimal bina kabuğu bileşenlerini keşfetmek için bir bilgi tabanı oluşturmayı ve (2) yüksek katlı bir konut binasının üç farklı bina kabuğunun (yani, betonarme, ahşap duvar ve perde duvar) etkilerini enerji performansı üzerine malzemeler analiz etmeyi ve karşılaştırmayı hedeflemektedir. Bu amaçla, bina enerji performansında bir bilgi tabanı oluşturmak için ilk olarak Cite Space, VOSViewer ve Gephi kullanılmıştır. Daha sonra, zarf bileşenlerinin etkisini değerlendirmek için çeşitli senaryolar (ör. duvar yapısı, pencere-duvar oranı ve saha yönelimi) geliştirilmiş ve analiz edilmiştir. Çatı, döşeme ve camdaki ısı kayıp/kazanımını azaltmak için zemin, çatı ve cam tipi bazında analizler geliştirmek için verimli senaryolar tercih edilmiştir. Design Builder, Istanbul, Turkiye'de olan vaka çalışması binasını tasarlamak ve modellemek ve duvarlara, çatıya ve tavana (binanın yönelimi dikkate alınarak), pencerenin duvara oranına odaklanarak binanın ısıtma ve soğutma verimliliği için enerji analizi yapmak amacıyla kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırma, (1) ısı kayıp/kazancındaki etkili faktörler, (2) yüksek binalarda enerji verimliliğini sağlayan ve ısıtma ve soğutma talebini azaltan faktörler, (3) enerji açısından verimli bina kaplama malzemeleri için kombinasyonlar ve (4) yüksek katlı konut binaları için verimli bir Isıtma Havalandırma Klima Sistemi tasarımı için bilgi tabanı hakkında ayrıntılı bilgi sağlayarak AEC literatürüne ve endüstrisine katkıda bulunmaktadır. Buna göre, sonuçlar, enerji verimli yüksek katlı konut bina tasarımının karar verme sürecinde profesyonellere yardımcı olmak için çok faydalı olacaktır. Ayrıca bu çalışma, gelecekte yapılacak araştırmalar için bu kapsamda umut vaat eden konuları ortaya koymaktadır
In Vitro Antioxidant, Antiinflammatory, Antichelating And Anticancer Activity Of Azima Tetracantha Against Hepg2 Cell Line
Full text linkMedicinal herbs have long been used to treat a wide range of ailments. In the present study, the antioxidant potency of ethanolic extract was investigated, by determining the secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, tannin and phenolic compounds. The free radical scavenging activity of Ethanolic extract of Azima tetracantha (EEAT) was assessed by using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide radical (NO), Hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay. Anti-inflammatory property also studied by invitro method such as Inhibition of albumin denaturation and HRBC membrane stabilization. Reducing power also assessed by using Iron chelating property. The Cytotoxicity was investigated against HepG2 cell lines using in vitro techniques such as MTT assay, morphological exams under a light microscope and a fluorescence microscope, DNA fragmentation, and LDH measurement. The results show that the EEAT contains significant antioxidant values. Similar observations were seen in scavenging the free radicals by the EEAT. It exhibits anti-inflammatory and antichelating activity also. Azima tetracantha ethanolic extract had significant cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cells, as measured by cellular death, in a dose-dependent manner. The findings of this study add to our understanding of Azima tetracantha\u27s anticancer activity against HepG2 cells and support its application in the treatment of liver cancer. Thus, the therapeutic property of the plant A. tetracantha can be attributed to its phytoconstituents and its bioactive compounds.
 
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