81 research outputs found
Introduction and analysis of the account version of the work of Mir Mohammad Ghasem Asir Varamini
No full textScientific works constitute an important part of the collection of historical writings of Iran. Mathematical and arithmetic sciences have been among the sciences of interest to Iranian scientists. Examining mathematical manuscripts and arithmetic and geometry in terms of identifying the history of science, using their contents to establish new knowledge, as well as finding out the literary and linguistic features of the period in which it was written. Are of particular importance. Therefore, reviewing and correcting such manuscripts, even if they are not in the category of literary and scientific works, can be a priority for researchers and proofreaders active in this field. The treatise on arithmetic is one of the ninth and tenth century writings in the field of mathematics, arithmetic and geometry. The author of this work is Mir Mohammad Ghasem Asir Varamini (Isfahani). This book was written in Baghdad and the author is the same author. The date of its writing, according to the author and its scribe, dates back to 900 AH. This work consists of an introduction and a conclusion, as well as three articles, each of which is divided into different chapters. In this research, the most important features of the thesis book are written along with the introduction of its manuscript and finally the version is examined from a content point of view
Training Manual for Prevention of Covid-19 Disease among Hospital Personnel
No full textDear Editor
In recent days, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as a viral infection caused by the SARS-Cov-2 virus has become a pandemic disease and has created critical conditions worldwide [1]. According to previous studies on pathogenic viruses associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome, each virus has a specific virulence dose, which it is about 2×103-3×103 viral particles for the influenza virus. Given the emergence of the SARSCov-2 virus and no complete information on its virulence dose, it is clear that its very low virulence dose can cause its rapid spread. Regarding the effectiveness of the use of simple cloth filter masks, it can be stated that these masks provide relative safety depending on their type and structure [2]. In this regard, Blachere et al., reported that in multi-stage sampling of influenza viruses, 46% of the viruscontaining particles are trapped in the first filter layer of the sampler with a diameter of 4 microns, 49% of the viral particles are trapped in the second layer filter with a diameter 1 to 4 microns and only 1% of viruses are trapped in the last layer filter with a diameter of about 1 micron [2-4]. Coughing, sneezing, speaking, and breathing create a cloud of particles in the air with varying diameters ranging from a few millimeters to <1 micrometer. Large droplets (larger than 50 microns in diameter) are immediately deposited to the ground.
Most respiratory droplets containing viruses are in this size range. Medium droplets (10 to 50μm) remain in the air for several minutes. Small particles (<10μm), including droplets nucleated by larger particles, can evaporate for hours and can be easily inhaled deep into the respiratory tract. On the other hand, the SARS-Co2 virus remains alive in the airborne aerosols for 3 hours [2, 4]. Therefore, the use of simple surgical masks for patients is necessary, especially during admission, to prevent the spread of large respiratory droplet released directly during coughing and sneezing and small droplets that are produced indirectly from the evaporation of the large droplets in the hospital environment. In addition, the use of ventilation systems can prevent the high concentration of these particles in hospital environments. In this regard, it is essential to educate hospital health experts about the necessity of using ventilation systems and their performance. On the other hand, the viability of viruses in the air is highly dependent on environmental conditions.
Ambient temperature is one of the key factors influencing the stability of viruses in indoor air. In the case of the influenza virus, it has been reported that a temperature of 70˚C causes complete inactivation of the virus. Also, at 5°C, the viral transmission is significantly increased. While at 30°C, the viral transmission between hosts is obviously decreased. A recent study on the Corona viruses has reported similar results [2, 5]. Moisture factor is another factor influencing the transfer of viruses in the air. The lowest transmission rate occurs at low humidity and dry air (with a relative humidity in the range 20-30%), and the highest transmission rate occurs at high relative humidity (80-50%). Therefore, viruses can be prevented by monitoring and controlling the temperature and relative humidity in hospitals by using natural and mechanical ventilation systems to adjust the temperature and humidity at the appropriate level [2, 6].
According to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, it is recommended to use laboratory ventilation systems and if are available heating/cooling systems, fans/air conditioning units and local cooling system with laminar air flow can be used in diagnostic laboratories of hospitals. In this case, the velocity and direction of the air flow must be laminar to prevent turbulent currents. This point should also be considered in the case of natural ventilation [7]. It is also recommended to use of biological safety hoods with HEPA filters that CAN trap 3 microns particles or larger with a 95% efficiency in diagnostic and research laboratories. These hoods are specifically designed for laboratory works on dangerous and respiratory viruses [6]. If the laboratory is not equipped with a ventilation system and a suitable hood, transporting the sample to a reference laboratory instead of using several non-standard laboratories is recommended.
For disinfection of hospital interior surfaces, the most effective disinfectants for inactivating viruses include alcohol-based disinfectants (ethanol), chlorine, and aldehydes. Savlon is a well-established antiseptic in Iran. This brand is actually a combination of two disinfectants of Chlorhexidine and Cetrimide. Sovlon is used in rapid disinfection of medical and surgical instruments, as well as surgeons' hand washing and wound cleaning. Its solution (1%) is also very suitable for disinfecting wounds and washing hand and body skin. It is a strong bactericidal, but has low effect on viruses. Two disinfectants that are effective on viruses include sodium hypochlorite and ethanol, which their minimum concentration and contact time should be considered to disable the virus. In a recent study on the SARS-Cov-2 virus, it was reported that the minimum concentration of sodium hypochlorite required to deactivate the virus was 0.21% with a contact time of 1 minute. Hydrogen peroxide is also an effective detergent with a minimal concentration of 0.5% and a 1-minute contact time for inactivation of the new coronavirus [7]. Ethanol or ethyl alcohol in the range of 78-95% requires a minimum contact time of 30-60 sec to deactivate coronavirus types including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. However, a risk assessment is required for monitoring all hospital units and identifying critical points that have the potential to spread the infection to personnel, and planning and performing measures according to the WHO guidelines is necessary to reduce the risk of spreading the disease [4, 8, 9]. Considering the importance of prevention in the medical staff, it is recommended to educate these personnel by educational programs, especially hospital health experts
Letter to the Editor: Regarding the “Simultaneous Removal of Turbidity and Humic Acid Using Electrocoagulation/Flotation Process in Aqua Solution”
No full textErratum to ‘Effects of rumen undegradable protein source on feed intake and milk yield of Holstein dairy cows’
No full textThe article ‘Effects of rumen undegradable protein source on feed intake and milk yield of Holstein dairy cows’ (SAJAS volume 53, issue 5, DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v53i5.15) was initially published with an incorrect author list.
The correct author list is as follows:M. Savari, M.S.S. Firouzabadi, F. Mohammadi, R. Abigaba, A.R. Rayshan, A. Gharagozloo, F. Abdollahzadeh, & E. Ghasem
Combined electrocoagulation/electrooxidation process for the COD removal and recovery of tannery industry wastewater
No full textPhotocatalytic, corrosion protection and adhesion properties of acrylic nanocomposite coating containing silane treated nano zinc oxide: A combined experimental and simulation study
No full textThe influence of silane treated nano zinc oxide (nZnO) on the protection, photocatalytic properties and interfacial interactions in acrylic/carbon steel systems was investigated. For this purpose, nZnO particles have been synthesized using microwave irradiation method. The morphology of synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The nZnO were treated by 3(2-amino ethyl amino) propyl trimethoxysilane. Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetry (TGA) techniques have been used to prove success of nZnO surface modification. In the next step, nanocomposites were prepared and coated on carbon steel by dip-coating method. Corrosion resistances of coatings were evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) has been carried out to study morphology of cross section of films. Moreover, to study the hydrophillicity and photocatalytic properties of coating surface, contact angle of the nanocomposites coating surface have been measured. Finally interfacial adhesion and their mechanisms have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and first principle quantum mechanics (QM) simulation method.Accepted Author Manuscript(OLD) MSE-
Photocatalytic removal of dimethyl phthalate using heterogeneous photofenton process with zero iron nanoparticles
No full textAuthor Correction: Efficient CO2 absorption through wet and falling film membrane contactors: insights from modeling and simulation
No full textMining the enolase superfamily for new functions: investigations of D-glucarate dehydratase related proteins (GlucDRP) and L-lyxonate dehydratase proteins (LyxD)
No full textGenomic era begins with development of sequencing methods. Genome sequencing is now cost-effective and fast, giving rise to increasing amounts of genomic data. However, the function of 1% of the deposited sequences have been experimentally characterized. There is no robust method of functional assignment for these sequences. Functional assignments are now performed using a variety of software tools to utilize the known biochemical data of characterized proteins to annotate similar sequences in genome databases. With this large scale automatic annotations of genome databases, annotations were transferred from homologs regardless of their reliability which result in propagation of errors and transfer misleading information to scientific community. Nevertheless, annotating the homologs within a superfamily is a valid approach. To this end, the enolase superfamily is an excellent model system for functional assignment. Structurally, this superfamily contain substrate specificity residues in the N-terminal capping domain and catalytic residues in the C-terminal barrel domain. These proteins with the common structural fold have the ability to abstract a proton α to carboxylate on the substrate before proceeding to dehydration, epimerization, deamination, racemization or cycloisomerization. There have been enough studies of this superfamily to provide valuable insight into the types of reactions performed based on catalytic residues and substrate specificity residues, establishing basis for functional characterization of unknown members.
In this thesis, I discuss my efforts on characterizing an enolase superfamily member: D- glucarate dehydratase related protein (GlucDRP). GlucDRP share more than 60% sequence identity with GlucD, a well-characterized protein. I showed that there is a protein-protein interaction between GlucD and GlucDRP which form a detectable heterospecies. The kinetics of heterospecies, isolated from wild type E. coli, was equal to an average of the activity of a GlucD and a GlucDRP. Additionally, to determine what percent of GlucDRPs involves in the formation of the heterospecies, a hexahistidine-tag was introduces upstream of the GlucDRP gene in the E. coli chromosome and it was shown that more than half of expressed GlucDRP forms heterospecies. Finally, the three-dimensional crystal structure of the heterospecies was determined which confirmed the formation of α2/β2 tetramers of GlucD and GlucDRP.
At a BLAST e-value of 10-175, three clusters of GlucDRPs segregated from the authentic GlucD. Structural alignments of GlucD and GlucDRP proteins showed good superposition between these structures except in 100s loop, which interacts with the substrate and closes the active site upon entrance of the substrates. This structural differences may be responsible for differences in catalytic activity.
I investigated the protein-protein interaction between GlucD and GlucDRP from the three GlucDRP clusters in three organisms: Burkholderia cepacia, Actinobacillus succinogenes 130Z, and Ralstonia pickettii 12j and the formation of heterospecies in these proteins were confirmed. Additionally, I showed that GlucDRP promotes faster growth on glucarate media. D-glucarate is a component of urine, and as an occasional colonizer of the bladder and urinary tract, E. coli might have evolved mechanisms to rapidly catabolize a less favored source of energy like D-glucarate and outcompete other resident microorganisms.
In this thesis, I assigned a novel function, L-lyxonate dehydratase activity, to a mandelate racemase (MR) subgroup of the enolase superfamily. In vitro and in vivo data were combined here to show that the dehydration of L-lyxonate is the biological role of the enzymes in this protein family. Through in vitro experiment, catalytic efficiency of ~ 104 M-1s-1 was measured for L-lyxonate dehydratase protein. In vivo growth studies revealed that L-lyxonate is a carbon source for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and transcriptome analysis showed that the L-lyxonate dehydratase gene along with some neighboring genes were expressed in L-lyxonate grown cells. The neighboring genes were cloned and purified to be tested on the L-lyxonate degradation intermediates and it was shown that upon dehydration of L-lyxonate and formation of 2-keto-3-deoxy-L-lyxonate, a second dehydratase act to convert the product to yield α-ketoglutarate semialdehyde. In the final step a dehydrogenase oxidizes α-ketoglutarate semialdehyde to α-ketoglutarate, an intermediate in the citric acid cycle. Mutational studies revealed that L-lyxonate dehydratase proteins possess a catalytic His-Asp dyad at the end of the seventh and six β-strands of the (β/α)7β-barrel domain and a KxR motif at the end of second β-strand. This is the first example of an L-lyxonate dehydratase in the enolase superfamily and the first example of a pathway for degradation of L-lyxonate.Item withdrawn by Mark Zulauf ([email protected]) on 2014-11-18T22:52:49Z
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University of Illinois Theses & Dissertations (ID: 1)
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