21 research outputs found
Kedrovyi Sor : la vie quotidienne dans un camp du goulag à l'époque stalinienne
No full textKedrovyi Sor: daily life in a Gulag camp during the Stalinist period, Oleg Azarov.
Our knowledge of the Soviet concentration camp universe is beginning to be nourished by direct access to archives. The author, a young Russian scholar, has been able to work on a rich collection of documents concerning the camp of Kedrovyi Sor, in the Pečora bassin. Through his study of the camp's administrative structure, its financial operation and its economic activities, and through an analysis of the inmates and their living conditions, he provides, almost in the raw, a concrete and precise description of the daily functioning of a Stalinist camp from the early 1930s to the 1950s.Azarov Oleg, Laurent Natacha. Kedrovyi Sor : la vie quotidienne dans un camp du goulag à l'époque stalinienne. In: Vingtième Siècle, revue d'histoire, n°43, juillet-septembre 1994. Dossier : Histoire au présent de la "political correctness" pp. 69-87
Empowering agro-pastoral communities in the Tianshan Mountains in Central Asia through citizen science
No full textThe impact of uncertainty on smallholder farmers' income in Kyrgyzstan
Get PDFThe farming systems in the mountain areas of Kyrgyzstan are primarily characterised by small-scale crop and livestock activities. Farmers are faced with several environmental, socio-economic and political challenges and constraints that result in significant uncertainties affecting their operations. This paper attempts to model how various sources of uncertainty collectively affected the smallholders’ farm incomes during a mid-term horizon using Monte Carlo simulation. The analyses were based on data collected through a survey of 235 smallholder farms in the medium and high-elevation mountains ranges and expert interviews. We defined a static and a dynamic scenario, the latter of which incorporating likely adjustments in land use and production methods by farmers in response to changing prices and factor costs. Our results suggest that to benefit from improving market opportunities, farmers should adjust and modify their farm management by expanding cash crops in the medium-elevation ranges or increasing herd sizes and fodder cultivation in high-altitude ranges. Results also indicate that farmers in the medium elevations benefit more from these opportunities than farmers in higher altitudes. The paper concludes with some practical recommendations for agricultural policy making in Kyrgyzstan
“Smenovekhovtsy” Movement and Realities of Soviet Society of 1920-ies
Get PDFThe issues linked with the emergence of “smenovekhovtsy” movement among the Russian emigration in the early 1920-ies are considered. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the key position of “smenovekhovtsy” ideology about the inevitable rebirth of the Bolshevik regime in conditions of implementation of the new economic policy (NEP). The author dwells on the reasons for the formation of “smenovekhovtsy” ideas about the future of the country. It is shown that these views did not correspond to the political and socio-economic realities of Soviet society in the 1920-ies. Attention is paid to the evaluation of “smenovekhovtsy” ideology in the light of political struggle in the administration of the Bolshevik party in the period under review. The question of the moral choice of the Russian intelligentsia is raised in connection with the question of the need for cooperation with the Bolsheviks raised by “smenovekhovtsy”. A review of the correspondence of the most famous ideologist of “smenovekhovtsy” N. V. Ustryalov with his personal friend N. A. Tsurikov is made. The author proceeds from the fact that this correspondence is one of the most striking examples of the depth and dramatic split among Russian immigrants in the 1920-ies. It is concluded that the illusory and erroneous ideas about the prospects of development of Soviet society became the cause of the tragic personal fate for many of “smenovekhovtsy” who returned home from exile and became the victims of Stalinist repression of the 1930-ies
Improving the Computational Model for Approximation of Particle Functions over Diameter of Dust in the Work Area and at the Border of the Sanitary Protection Zone
No full textAbstractThis paper describes the basic ways of solving the problem of experimental data approximation. Disperse composition of crushed gypsum dust was analyzed; the analysis results are presented herein. Approximating function of particulate dust composition function is a piecewise function, defined as a three-tier spline “direct-parabola-hyperbole.” The approximation aims at finding seven function factors and two nodal points. The least square method was used to estimate the unknown parameters of regression models for the sample data. To apply this method to experimental data, a program complex calculation models for the approximation of the integral representation of the mass distribution function of particles in the dust diameter in CAS Maple was presented. It defines a function that describes the distribution of the particulate composition of the dust released from the open warehouse storage of crushed gypsum rock with the smallest error
Environmental and Working Area Dust Emission from the Gypsum Warehouse
No full textAbstractThe work analyses the emissions analysis for gypsum binder production. The major air pollutant is the suspended solids composed of a mixture of particles in air, which can be either solid or liquid and be a complex mixture of organic and inorganic substances. Studies have shown that excessive concentrations of inorganic dust (gypsum dust) generated by the open gypsum warehouse storage and thus the contribution of emission sources into total concentration of inorganic dust (dust plaster) average vary from 66,28% to 87,67%. The highest excessive concentrations of inorganic dust are registered at the border of regulated areas: up to 20% SiO2 (plaster dust) (from 5,9 to 16,0 shares of maximum allowable concentration (MAC))
Study of Urban Atmosphere Harmful Substances Adsorption into Cement
No full textAbstractThe ecological safety issues of building materials are the most important area nowadays. The impact of different substances and materials on human organism is the major point for emission control of building industry enterprises. One of the main factors can be building dust that could be presented as cement. For that purpose the qualitative and quantitative composition of samples and its adsorption capacity should be known. The article presents a comparative analysis of dust and cement. Quantitative characteristics of adsorption activity of different branded cements (CEM-I 42.5N, CEM-II/A-SH 42.5N, PC 500-D0-N) are shown. The impact of atmosphere humidity on static adsorption capacity of selected samples at specified temperature was estimated
Monitoring of Fine Particulate Air Pollution as a Factor in Urban Planning Decisions
No full textAbstractThe article substantiates the importance of assessing air pollution when making town-planning decisions. It focuses on the composition of fine dust. The article considers the issues of describing dust concentration using the theory of stationary random functions. Such approach allows not only to obtain the characteristics of the particulate composition of dust in the air, but also to determine a number of additional parameters, namely, mean residence time of fractional concentration above the predetermined level, the average number of times when fractional concentration per time unit exceeds the standard. The article offers the methods and calculations of probability of dust concentration exceeding hygienic standards by the example of three districts of Volgograd. The results of these calculations are presented. Based on this research, several industries in the city received recommendations to reduce their emissions into the atmosphere
Public and dispositive segments of abuse of the subjective right: interdisciplinary look.
Get PDFУДК 343.12The subject. The article is devoted to the analysis of a phenomenon "abuse of the right" from a position of the public and dispositive beginnings of his manifestation.The purpose of this article is to consider public and dispositive principles of abuse of the right in the scope of legal theory to qualify this phenomenon in criminal proceedings properly.Methodology. The author use methods of theoretical analysis and interdisciplinary approach as well as legal methods, including formal legal method and comparative law.Results, scope of it’s application. The authors note that the use of the advantages offered by abuse of the right is initially inherent only for the defending party in criminal proceedings.Abuse of the right in the procedural segment of disposition appears in the implementation of the right to protection in the criminal procedure as well as in the implementation of almost any rights in the civil proceedings.The main resource of publicity is realized exclusively by the courts in the civil procedure as well as by all government entities and officials in the criminal process. That’s why abuse of the right is interdicted by the activity of the court in civil procedure.The imperative method of legal regulation of public relations, that is the basis of publicity, is in fact one of the ways of prevention and suppression of abuse of rights. The disposition method, that is the basis of competition in legal relations, is a catalyst for the creation of situations of possible abuse of rights.Abuse of rights is manifested first and foremost in terms of the disposition, moreover – the higher the level of disposition in the particular branch of law provokes the greater likelihood of abuse of the right. Publicity limits disposition and, therefore, the possibility of abuse of the right.Conclusions. Legal institute of abuse of right requires early normative entrenchment in the criminal process. It should contain specific grounds for restricting specific rights, which is abused by party of procedure.The authors allow only one kind of liability for abuse of rights: a temporary restriction of the subjective rights of participants in criminal procedure on a very short term. It can be used only for systematic abuse of this right. Only court should have an authority for such restriction, taking into account prior notification of the supervising Procurator
A Proposed Typology of Farming Systems for Assessing Sustainable Livelihood Development Pathways in the Tien Shan Mountains of Kyrgyzstan
No full textIn Kyrgyzstan, most farming systems focus on animal husbandry, which depends on mixtures of crops and pastures around settlements and higher-elevation summer pastures. These farms face the problems of insufficient fodder production and pasture degradation due to overgrazing, resulting in low productivity of livestock and reduced household incomes. The spatial diversity of farms often hampers the development of interventions aimed at improving crop and animal productivity, as well as sustainable grassland management, while the absence of a comprehensive and systematic classification system that effectively encompasses the diverse range of livelihood strategies within farming systems presents a significant obstacle to the advancement of initiatives promoting sustainable livelihoods. This study aimed to develop a consistent typology of smallholder farms in the Tien Shan using multivariate analysis. By analyzing data from 235 farm-households and evaluating key classification variables, we identified two distinct farming systems, upper mountain farms and lower mountain farms, based on socioeconomic and agro-ecological characteristics. Our typology considers elevation, grazing period, cultivated area, and off-farm income and better captures the diversity of farming activities and household income compared to current classification models. These findings will inform and tailor policies and interventions suitable for enhancing sustainable livelihoods in Kyrgyzstan’s mountain farming systems
